生物炭等有机物料定位施用对土壤微生物群落和有机氮的影响

发布时间：2018-05-21 02:06

  本文选题：棕壤 + 生物炭　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：单独施用有机肥料或化学肥料均不能持续高效地保持农田生产力,长期大量矿质肥料的施用使土壤变得贫瘠,有机无机肥料配施可改善土壤肥力状况,保障土地的可持续利用。生物炭因良好的结构和性质而成为优良的土壤改良剂和缓释肥基质。本研究以沈阳农业大学植物营养与施肥技术研究室棕壤改土定位试验为平台,以传统有机物料(秸秆和有机厩肥)为对照,开展生物炭和炭基肥改土定位试验,共设4个处理,分别为单施炭基肥(BF)和猪厩肥(PMC)、玉米秸秆(CS)、生物炭(BIO)分别配施氮磷钾化肥。通过比较不同有机物料连续7年定位施用后土壤养分在花生生育期内的动态变化特征,并研究对土壤微生物群落结构和土壤有机氮组分的影响,以期探明生物炭和炭基肥在培肥土壤上的生物学机理和土壤养分释放特征尤其是土壤供氮潜力,为生物炭和炭基肥大面积推广提供理论参考。主要研究结果表明:1、与试验前相比,生物炭处理和炭基处理提高了土壤养分含量和pH值,炭基肥在提高土壤孔隙度方面,生物炭在提高作物产量方面具有优势。在东北典型棕壤种植花生,等养分施用条件下,炭基肥处理下土壤速效氮磷钾和pH在花生各生育期的动态变化特征及全量碳氮磷钾、土壤容重和孔隙度等指标与秸秆配施化肥处理相似,产量差异也不显著;生物炭配施化肥条件下土壤速效磷钾,全量磷及花生产量等指标显著高于秸秆配施化肥和炭基肥处理,将玉米秸秆烧制成生物炭要比秸秆直接投入土壤(本试验生物炭处理所耗生物质量与秸秆还田处理相同)对于改善土壤磷钾性质及产量的提高上效果更好;干旱条件下猪厩肥处理保水保肥能力强于生物炭等其他处理。2、不同有机物料连续7年施用对土壤微生物群落分布(以磷脂脂肪酸表征)产生影响,施用猪厩肥能极大丰富土壤各个微生物群落生物量,施用生物炭能明显提高土壤细菌和放线菌生物量,施用炭基肥有利于土壤真菌和放线菌生长。相关性分析和冗余分析表明土壤pH、全氮、有机质、含水量和全钾对土壤微生物群落分布存在显著影响。不同类型和不同用量的生物炭对土壤微生物群落影响的不同,相比于生物炭,炭基肥处理更有利于革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌的积累,并能提高土壤微生物群落多样性。3、与施用1年(2009年)相比,不同有机物料定位施用7年(2015年)后土壤总有机氮、酸解铵态氮、酸解氨基酸态氮和酸解氨基糖态氮均有显著提高,酸解未知态氮和非酸解氮没有显著变化。不同有机氮组分的变化取决于施用肥料的不同:炭基肥处理提高了土壤酸解铵态氮和氨基酸态氮含量,降低非酸解氮含量,生物炭和猪厩肥处理提高了土壤酸解氨基酸态氮含量,生物炭长期施用还降低酸解未知态氮含量,生物炭和炭基肥长期施用可以增加土壤有机氮库容量提升土壤供氮潜力,是培肥土壤的一种长效机制。不同有机物料均显著提高了酸解氨基糖态氮含量,土壤氨基糖态氮的提高具有增加土壤有机氮库容量的作用。相关分析表明土壤有机氮组分中只有酸解氨基糖态氮与土壤微生物有显著相关性,包括真菌、放线菌和革兰氏细菌等微生物群落。长期施用生物炭等不同有机物料后土壤中不同组分氮分布趋势大致为:酸解铵态氮≥酸解氨基酸态氮非酸解氮≥酸解未知态氮酸解氨基糖态氮。
[Abstract]:The application of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer alone can not keep the productivity of farmland continuously and efficiently, and the application of long amount of mineral fertilizer makes the soil poor. The organic and inorganic fertilizer can improve the soil fertility and ensure the sustainable utilization of the land. In this study, the soil modification of the brown soil in the plant nutrition and Fertilization Technology Research Laboratory of Shenyang Agricultural Uinversity was taken as the platform, and the traditional organic materials (straw and organic manure) were used as the control, and the soil carbon and carbon base fertilizer modified soil localization test was carried out. There were 4 treatments, single applied carbon base fertilizer (BF) and pig manure (PMC), corn straw (CS), and biology. Carbon (BIO) was applied to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer respectively. By comparing the dynamic changes of soil nutrients in the growth period of Peanut after 7 years of continuous application of different organic materials, the effects on soil microbial community structure and soil organic nitrogen components were studied in order to explore the biological mechanism and soil of biological charcoal and carbon base fertilizer on the fertilized soil. The characteristics of nutrient release, especially the potential of soil nitrogen supply, provide a theoretical reference for the promotion of carbon and carbon based hypertrophy area. The main results show that: 1, compared with the pre test, biological carbon treatment and carbon based treatment improved soil nutrient content and pH value. Carbon base fertilizer in improving soil pore space, biological carbon in raising crop yield has a great effect. The characteristics of soil available N, P, K, pH and total carbon, N, P, K, soil bulk density and porosity were similar to that of straw combined with chemical fertilizer treatment under the condition of fertilizer application. The indexes of soil available phosphorus and potassium, total phosphorus and peanut yield were significantly higher than that of straw combined fertilizer and carbon base fertilizer. Under drought conditions, the ability of pig manure to treat water and fertilizer is better than that of biological carbon and other treatment.2. The application of different organic materials for 7 years has an effect on the distribution of soil microbial community (characterized by phospholipid fatty acid). The application of pig manure can greatly enrich the biomass of soil microbial communities, and the application of biological carbon can obviously improve soil bacteria and discharge. Microbial biomass, the application of carbon base fertilizer to the growth of soil fungi and actinomycetes. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that soil pH, total nitrogen, organic matter, water content and total potassium had significant effects on the distribution of soil microbial communities. Different types and different amounts of biological carbon have different effects on soil microbial communities, compared to carbon and carbon. Base fertilizer treatment is more conducive to the accumulation of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, and can improve the diversity of soil microbial community diversity.3. Compared with the application of 1 years (2009), the soil organic nitrogen, ammonium acid nitrogen, acid hydrolysable nitrogen, acid hydrolysate nitrogen and acid hydrolysate nitrogen in different organic materials have been significantly improved after 7 years of application (2015), and the acid hydrolysis is unknown. The change of nitrogen and non acid nitrogen was not significant. The change of organic nitrogen components depends on the application of fertilizer. The treatment of carbon base fertilizer increased the content of ammonium nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen in soil, reduced the content of non acid nitrogen, and improved the content of acid hydrolysate nitrogen in soil by biological carbon and pig manure treatment, and the long-term application of biological carbon also reduced the acid solution. The content of nitrogen in the unknown state and the long-term application of biological carbon and carbon base fertilizer can increase the soil organic nitrogen pool capacity to enhance the potential of soil nitrogen supply, and it is a long-term mechanism of soil cultivation. The analysis showed that only acidolysis amino sugar nitrogen in soil organic nitrogen components had significant correlation with soil microbes, including fungi, actinomycetes and gram-bacterium bacteria and other microbial communities. The distribution trend of different components of nitrogen in soil after long-term application of biological carbon and other organic materials was approximately ammonium nitrate nitrogen more than acid hydrolysate amino acid nitrogen non acid nitrogen solution nitrogen. The acid solution of the amino sugar nitrogen in the unknown state.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S154.3;S153
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本文编号：1917244