上海市农业生态系统昆虫传粉服务功能研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 13:24

本文选题：上海 + 生态系统服务功能　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：传粉是生态系统不可或缺的一项重要服务功能,而在全球有超过80%的被子植物需要通过昆虫进行传粉,昆虫传粉是生态系统传粉服务功能中极其重要的组成部分。近年来研究表明,全球多个地区中野生传粉昆虫的多样性和数量都在快速下降,这对当地野生植物多样性、农作物产量甚至生态系统的稳定都造成了巨大威胁。我国目前对生态系统传粉服务功能的研究较少,传粉服务功能的价值和意义尚未应有的重视,这显然不利于保护传粉昆虫和利用昆虫传粉服务功能。而对大都市区昆虫传粉服务功能的研究基本缺乏,亟待加强。本文在分析国内外昆虫传粉服务功能相关研究的基础上,利用昆虫传粉依赖性估价法及InVEST模型对上海市农业生态系统昆虫传粉服务功能和崇明岛野生蜜蜂传粉服务功能进行了评价和模拟,主要结果如下:(1)上海市昆虫传粉服务功能具有巨大的经济价值,2014年的经济价值达到32.3亿元人民币,但年增长缓慢;昆虫传粉服务功能对上海市农业生态系统提供的价值主要来源于西甜瓜等5种农作物,上海市种植的蜜源作物种类较少;上海市种植农作物对于昆虫传粉服务的依赖程度有降低的趋势,昆虫的筑巢环境和食物来源面临威胁。(2)崇明岛不同农田区域的野生蜜蜂丰度差别较大,全岛中西部农田和森林是野生蜜蜂平均丰度最高的区域,岛屿东部和边界附近农田的野生蜜蜂平均丰度较低。不同区域的农田应根据不同区域的野生蜜蜂丰度情况分别实施保护野生蜜蜂生境,创造适宜野生蜜蜂生境和改造用地类型等不同的发展策略。同时,应当根据崇明岛的野生蜜蜂丰度格局制定长期的农作物种植计划。(3)上海市农业生态系统对昆虫传粉服务功能有一定的使用,但是并未对昆虫传粉服务功能提供足够的重视,没有意识到昆虫传粉服务功能所具有的重要意义和价值。昆虫传粉服务功能在上海市农业生态系统中的使用仍有较大的发展空间,上海市应当充分运用昆虫所能提供的传粉服务,进一步发展都市型现代农业。研究结果不仅能够为上海市农业生态系统及野生蜜蜂资源和传粉功能保护提供科学依据,也可为我国其他区域对昆虫传粉服务功能的研究提供参考。
[Abstract]:Pollination is an indispensable and important service function of ecosystem, and more than 80% of angiosperms need pollination through insects in the world. Insect pollination is an extremely important part of ecosystem pollination service function. Recent studies have shown that the diversity and number of wild pollinators in many regions of the world are declining rapidly, which poses a great threat to the diversity of local wild plants, crop yields and even the stability of ecosystems. There are few researches on the pollination service function of ecosystem in China, and the value and significance of the pollination service function have not been paid enough attention, which is obviously not conducive to the protection of pollination insects and the utilization of pollination service function of insects. However, the study of insect pollination service function in metropolitan area is lacking and needs to be strengthened. On the basis of analyzing the related research of insect pollination service function at home and abroad, The insect pollination service function of Shanghai Agroecosystem and the wild bee pollination service function of Chongming Island were evaluated and simulated by using the evaluation method of insect pollination dependence and InVEST model. The main results are as follows: (1) the function of insect pollination in Shanghai has great economic value, the economic value of 2014 reached 3.23 billion yuan, but the annual growth was slow; The value of insect pollination service to the agricultural ecosystem of Shanghai mainly comes from five kinds of crops, such as muskmelon, etc. The degree of dependence of planting crops on insect pollination service in Shanghai is decreasing, and insect nesting environment and food source are threatened. (2) the abundance of wild bees in different farmland areas of Chongming Island is quite different. The average abundance of wild bees is the highest in the farmland and forest of the central and western part of the island, and the average abundance of wild bees is lower in the eastern part of the island and the farmland near the border. According to the abundance of wild bees in different regions, different development strategies should be carried out to protect the habitats of wild bees, to create suitable habitats for wild bees and to change the land types. At the same time, according to the pattern of wild bees abundance in Chongming Island, a long-term crop planting plan should be formulated.) the agricultural ecosystem of Shanghai should have a certain use of insect pollination service function. However, the function of insect pollination service has not been paid enough attention to, and the importance and value of insect pollination service function have not been realized. The application of insect pollination service in the agricultural ecosystem of Shanghai still has a great space for development. Shanghai should make full use of the pollination service provided by insects to further develop urban modern agriculture. The results can not only provide scientific basis for the protection of Agroecosystem and wild bee resources and pollination function in Shanghai, but also provide a reference for the study of insect pollination service function in other regions of China.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S186

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