高频电刀刀头仿生脱附研究与仿真

发布时间：2018-05-25 08:05

本文选题：植物叶 + 高频电刀　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：高频电刀具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快等优点,已经成为电外科手术中使用最广泛的的手术器械。然而,高频电刀产生的组织热效应,虽然能够实现切割止血的作用,但同时也能使组织焦痂碳化,粘附在电刀刀头上,影响手术的进行。传统电刀防粘方法依靠简单涂层技术、牙口优化技术等,很难满足微创医疗器械高效防粘要求。因此,本文从仿生学角度,借鉴典型植物叶表面优异防粘特性,研究高频电刀表面仿生防粘设计和制造。本文选取苏子叶与玉米苞叶作为生物防粘原型进行研究。通过扫描电镜观察,发现玉米苞叶表面具有相间分布的单向条纹形态,条纹上面存在不规则的网状结构,在网状结构上面还分布有一定数量的气孔。苏子叶表面具有拼图状版块拼接而成的表面形态,没有二级结构。分别利用自制装置测试了两种植物叶表面的粘附特性,发现植物叶表面粘附力由小到大排序为:新鲜玉米苞叶热处理玉米苞叶新鲜苏子叶热处理苏子叶。试验表明玉米苞叶表面防粘特性优于苏子叶,因此,选择玉米苞叶作为防粘脱附的生物表面原型。此外,本文综合分析了玉米苞叶表面润湿性、表面形态与接触面积、热应力、大气压强对防粘脱附的影响规律,揭示了其机理。以玉米苞叶为生物原型,根据其表面的特殊形态,设计了具有圆形凹坑和条形凹坑的高频电刀表面仿生形态。其中,在沿刀头方向(纵向)上两种形态相间排列,在垂直于刀头的方向(横向)上两种形态错位排列。同时,根据所选择的试验因素及水平,采用L9(34)正交表进行了试验编排。采用SM-FB20-1光纤激光打标机对所设计的仿生高频电刀表面形态进行了加工。自行设计并搭建了高频电刀表面防粘性能测试系统,对高频电刀表面的防粘性能进行了测试,同时对电切过程进行了分析和观察。载能条件下仿生高频电刀表面粘附试验极差分析表明,影响电刀防粘特性的主次因素为:圆形凹坑和条纹形凹坑的横向中心距(Z2)条纹形凹坑的长度(Z3)圆形凹坑直径(Z1)。最优组合为Z11Z22Z33,即圆形凹坑和条纹形凹坑的横向中心距取500μm,条纹形凹坑的长度取1600μm,圆形凹坑和条纹形凹坑的直径取120μm。回归分析结果显示,圆形凹坑和条纹形凹坑的直径Z1、横向中心距Z2、条纹形凹坑的长度Z3之间的回归方程为:(?)使用COMSOL Multiphysics软件进行刀头与生物组织粘附机理仿真分析。结果表明:电刀弧形区域与侧面更容易发生粘附。根据此结果与电切试验,再次对刀头表面进行仿生设计,对其弧形刀头及侧面设计成单级微凸形态能够降低表面温度,且温度场产生不连续现象,有利于减小粘连现象的发生。
[Abstract]:High frequency electric knife has become the most widely used surgical instrument in electrosurgical surgery because of its advantages of small trauma, light pain and quick recovery. However, the tissue thermal effect produced by high frequency electric knife, although it can achieve the effect of cutting and hemostasis, can also make the tissue eschar carbonized and adhere to the knife head, which affects the operation. The traditional anti-stick method of electric knife depends on simple coating technology and tooth mouth optimization technology, so it is difficult to meet the requirements of high efficiency and anti-adhesion of minimally invasive medical devices. Therefore, from the view of bionics, this paper studies the design and manufacture of high frequency electric knife surface biomimetic anti-stick by referring to the excellent anti-adhesion characteristics of typical plant leaf surface. In this paper, the seed leaves and corn bracts were selected as biological anti-stick prototypes. Through scanning electron microscope observation, it was found that the surface of maize bract had interphase distribution of unidirectional stripes, there were irregular reticular structures above the stripes, and a certain number of stomata were also distributed on the reticular structures. The surface of Su cotyledon has the surface shape of mosaic plate without secondary structure. The adhesion characteristics of two kinds of plant leaf surface were tested by using self-made apparatus. It was found that the adhesion ability of plant leaf surface was in the order of fresh corn bract heat treated corn bract fresh perilla cotyledon. The results showed that the surface antiadhesion property of maize bract was better than that of sappa cotyledon. Therefore, maize bract was chosen as the biological surface prototype of anti-adhesion and desorption. In addition, the effects of wettability, surface morphology and contact area, thermal stress and atmospheric pressure on the anti-viscosity and desorption of maize bract were comprehensively analyzed, and the mechanism was revealed. Based on the special surface morphology of maize bract leaf, the bionic surface of high frequency electric knife with circular pit and strip pit was designed. The two forms are arranged in the direction of the head (longitudinal) and in the direction perpendicular to the head (transverse). At the same time, according to the selected test factors and levels, the orthogonal table of L _ 9 ~ (4) was used to arrange the experiment. The surface morphology of the bionic high frequency electric knife was machined by SM-FB20-1 fiber laser marking machine. This paper designs and builds a testing system for the anti-adhesion performance of the high-frequency electric knife surface, tests the anti-adhesion performance of the high-frequency electric knife surface, and analyzes and observes the electric cutting process. The range analysis of the surface adhesion test of bionic high frequency electric knife under the condition of carrying energy shows that the main and secondary factors affecting the anti-adhesion characteristics of the electric knife are: the transverse center distance between the circular pit and the striped pit is Z2) the length of the striped pit is Z3) the diameter of the circular pit is Z1. The optimum combination is Z11Z22Z33, that is, the transverse center distance of circular pit and striped pit is 500 渭 m, the length of striped pit is 1600 渭 m, and the diameter of circular pit and striped pit is 120 渭 m. The regression analysis shows that the diameter of circular pit and stripe pit Z _ 1, the transverse center distance Z _ 2, the length of stripe pit Z _ 3, the regression equation between Z _ 3 and Z _ 3 are as follows: (1) COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate and analyze the adhesion mechanism between the knife head and biological tissue. The results show that the arc-shaped area of the electric knife is more likely to adhere to the side. According to the results and the electric cutting test, the bionic design of the cutting head surface is carried out again. The surface temperature can be reduced and the temperature field will be discontinuous, which will help to reduce the phenomenon of adhesion.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH777;Q811

【参考文献】