辽宁省异蚤蝇属DNA雌雄配对及地理格局研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 22:57

  本文选题：异蚤蝇 + 雌雄配对　； 参考：《沈阳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：异蚤蝇属Megaselia隶属于双翅目Diptera蚤蝇科Phoroidae,裂蚤蝇亚科Metopininae,是蚤蝇科种类最多的属。目前世界已知的有1500多种,而超过60%为单性种,且多为雄性种。异蚤蝇体型小、存在明显的性二型,雌雄配对困难。有些种形态鉴定缺乏有效的鉴别特征,导致物种鉴定存疑。DNA条形码在很大程度上可以解决这些问题。本研究基于线粒体COI基因和形态学特征,对辽宁省异蚤蝇属的部分种类进行雌雄配对以及形态描述,并对辽宁省异蚤蝇地理格局进行初步探讨。通过MP树和NJ树的构建,包括外群(5种)在内的45个种均以高达96%以上的支持率各自聚为一支,其中40种(亚种)异蚤蝇共有38种(亚种)雌雄成功配对。异蚤蝇序列具有明显的碱基偏好性,A+T含量为67.7%,G+C含量为32.3%。40种(亚种)异蚤蝇属种(亚种)间、种(亚种)内序列差异范围分别为6.93%-23.37%、0.00-0.85%,与其他类群相似,略偏大。NJ树与MP树显示,异蚤蝇种类并未与栅蚤蝇、栓蚤蝇等外群明显分开,且属间序列差异范围与种间差异范围重叠,从分子水平证明异蚤蝇属的并系性。描述了38种(亚种)异蚤蝇,其中Ⅰ组2种,Ⅱ组7种,Ⅳ组8种,Ⅴ组2种,Ⅵ组1种,Ⅶ组14种(亚种),Ⅷ组4种;其中已知种21种(方红2008博士论文3种),未知种17种。发现异蚤蝇种的鉴定特征主要集中在触角上鬃、中侧片、背侧鬃、小盾片鬃、前足跗节、后足腿节、前缘脉指数、SC脉、腹部气门、尾器等。雌雄二型的差异主要表现在:触角、小盾片鬃、翅、腹部气门、腹部背板斑纹等特征。拍摄特征图片500多幅。对辽宁省异蚤蝇分布格局进行了初步研究,辽宁省各市均有异蚤蝇的分布。异蚤蝇种类数目东部地区最多,中部地区次之,西部地区最少。
[Abstract]:Megaselia belongs to the family Diptera, Phoroidaeae, and Metopininaeae. At present, there are more than 1500 species known in the world, and more than 60% are monoecious species, and most of them are male species. The heteroflea fly is small in size and has obvious sexual dimorphism, which makes it difficult for both sexes to match. Some species morphological identification lack of effective identification characteristics, resulting in species identification doubt. DNA bar code can solve these problems to a large extent. Based on the characteristics of mitochondrial COI gene and morphology, some species of Daphnia in Liaoning Province were matched and morphologically described, and the geographical pattern of Daphnia heteroflea in Liaoning Province was preliminarily discussed. Through the construction of MP tree and NJ tree, 45 species, including 5 species of outer group, were clustered into one branch with a support rate of more than 96%, of which 40 species (subspecies) were successfully paired with each other in 38 species (subspecies). The sequence of heteroflea flies has obvious base preference. The content of G C is 32.3.40 species (subspecies). The range of sequence difference in species (subspecies) is 6.93- 23.370.00-0.85. similar to other groups, the slightly larger. NJ tree and MP tree show that the difference of the sequence between the species (subspecies) and the subspecies (subspecies) is slightly larger than that in the other groups, and the difference range between the species (subspecies) and the subspecies (subspecies) is 6.93-23.370.85, similar to that of other groups. The species of heteroflea were not obviously separated from the other groups, and the range of sequence difference between genera overlapped with that of species, which proved the homology of the genus Iflea at molecular level. 38 species (subspecies) of heterofleas are described, including group 鈪，

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