克氏原螯虾对两种环境异质性的响应及对隐蔽所的选择

发布时间：2018-06-09 17:10

本文选题：克氏原螯虾 + 社会环境　；参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：克氏原螯虾(procambarus clarkii)是具有社会等级的动物,具有战斗性,对螯虾的生存环境的研究不仅有利于减少伤残率和死亡率,也有利于促进提高其生物学功能和适应性。本文主要从空间环境和社会环境的异质性以及隐蔽所这三个方面设置实验,试图探究出螯虾最适的生活环境。(一)空间环境异质性与社会环境异质性对克氏原螯虾生长的影响在设置了不同的社会等级异质性的社会环境的基础上,增设了不同物理空间异质性的条件。对比不同环境下螯虾的死亡率,生长量。结果显示社会环境异质性均能够极显著增加螯虾的死亡率;空间环境异质性促进螯虾生长。环境异质性的实验结果不仅丰富了克氏原螯虾的等级秩序研究理论也在生产实践中为优种培育提供了理论指导。(二)隐蔽所对克氏原螯虾生长的影响在孤立化社会条件下,分析有无隐蔽所对螯虾存活率、体长增长量等参数的影响。结果显示:前期,隐蔽组对存活率无显著差异。后期,有隐蔽组的存活率极显著大于无隐蔽所组。隐蔽所在前期能够促进螯虾的生长,但是,后期两者不显著,这是由于隐蔽所不具有延展性,不能给螯虾提供更大空间,在一定程度上也会抑制螯虾的生长。同时,消极的保守型懒虾生存策略也不利于螯虾的生长。(三)克氏原螯虾隐蔽所的选择1.克氏原螯虾对隐蔽所材质的选择将克氏原螯虾分别放入放有只有PVC管、只有百洁布和既有百洁布也有PVC管材质的隐蔽所的饲养箱中,观察并记录实验虾对两种材质隐蔽所的选择。结果显示,螯虾极显著倾向于选择百洁布隐蔽所,这是由于螯虾具有趋触性,喜欢更加粗糙的洞穴,百洁布具有吸附性,更容易能够标志螯虾自己的信号。2.克氏原螯虾对于不同"标记"隐蔽所的选择将雌性螯虾在用百洁布制成的隐蔽所中浸润48-72小时。将无化学气味的空白隐蔽所(未被占领)与被占领隐蔽所同时放入盒子的两端,观察记录螯虾的第一次对隐蔽所的选择。其他的选择方法同上。结果表明,螯虾倾向于选择被同种占领的隐蔽所,雌性对于自我与同性、同性与异性的隐蔽所无显著差异,但是对于自我和雄性的隐蔽所选择中,对雄性的隐蔽所具有显著倾向性。雄性则对自我与同性、自我与异性、异性与同性的隐蔽所选择没有显著倾向性。隐蔽所"信号"的差异性能够引起螯虾选择行为的变化,螯虾均对有过"印痕"的隐蔽所具有倾向性,雌性对雄性具有显著性趋向性。而雄性在面对保卫领域,期待交配、战斗攻击等行为方面还存在权衡和博弈,这与在生殖季节,雄性占领交配的主动权有关。
[Abstract]:Procambarus clarkii) is a kind of social class animal with fighting property. The study on the living environment of Eriocheir clarkii is not only helpful to reduce the rate of disability and mortality, but also to promote the improvement of its biological function and adaptability. In order to find out the most suitable living environment of crayfish, this paper mainly sets up experiments from the heterogeneity of space environment and social environment as well as the hidden environment. (1) the effects of spatial environmental heterogeneity and social environmental heterogeneity on the growth of P. clarryi. On the basis of the social environment with different social class heterogeneity, the conditions of different physical spatial heterogeneity were added. The mortality and growth of crayfish in different environments were compared. The results showed that social environmental heterogeneity could significantly increase the mortality of crayfish and spatial heterogeneity could promote the growth of crayfish. The experimental results of environmental heterogeneity not only enrich the research theory of order of crayfish, but also provide theoretical guidance for the cultivation of superior species in production practice. (2) the effect of concealment on the growth of protoclarus clarici. Under the condition of isolated society, the effect of covert effect on the survival rate and body length of crayfish was analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate in the concealment group. In the later stage, the survival rate of the covert group was significantly higher than that of the non-covert group. In the early stage, the shelter can promote the growth of crayfish, but in the later stage, the two are not significant, because the concealed place is not extensible, it can not provide more space for the crayfish, and to a certain extent, it will also inhibit the growth of the crayfish. At the same time, the passive and conservative survival strategy of lazy shrimp is not conducive to the growth of crayfish. (3) the selection of the shelter of the crayfish. The selection of shaded materials for crayfish put them in the rearing boxes of sheltered places with only PVC tubes, only Baijie cloth and PVC pipe materials. To observe and record the selection of the experimental shrimp for two kinds of material concealment. The results showed that the crayfish tended to choose the Baijiaobu concealment, which was due to the fact that the crayfish had the tendency to touch, and liked the rougher caves, and the chelate had the absorbency, which could easily mark the signal of the crayfish. 2. The selection of different "marker" hideouts for the crayfish infused the female crayfish into the shelter made of Baijiebu for 48 to 72 hours. The blank covert (unoccupied) without chemical smell was placed at both ends of the box at the same time, and the selection of the shelter was observed for the first time. Other options are the same as above. The results showed that crayfish tended to choose covert sites occupied by the same species, but females had no significant difference in concealment between self and sex, same sex and opposite sex, but in the covert selection of self and male, The concealment of males has a marked tendency. The male has no significant preference for the concealment of self and sex, self and opposite sex, opposite sex and same sex. The difference of the "signal" in the shelter can cause the change of the selection behavior of the crayfish. The crayfish all have the tendency to have the "imprint" concealment, the female has the remarkable tendency to the male. However, males still have trade-offs and games in the field of defense, expectation mating, combat attack and so on, which is related to male occupation of mating initiative in reproductive season.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q958.8

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