中国海域海盘车科系统分类学研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 03:58

本文选题：海盘车科 + 分类学　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：海盘车科(Asteriidae)属于海星纲(Aasteroidea)钳棘目(Forcipulatida),是重要的大型底栖生物。海盘车科在全世界分布广泛,是潮间带和潮下带生态系统的重要捕食者。目前我国对于海盘车科分类学研究较少,之前仪有零星的物种记述,缺少系统的分类学研究和相应的检索表。本文依据中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆馆藏标本,结合国内外相关文献,研究了中国海域海盘车科的分类及地理分布特点。本文共记述海盘车科5属11种。本文描述了各属各种的形态特征,通过传统形态学研究,结合扫描电子显微镜等新方法,系统研究了中国科学院海洋生物标本馆馆藏的海盘车科物种标本400余号,并总结其生活环境和地理分布,讨论了各种属之间的形态区别以及分类学中存在的问题,提供了所有种的整体和局部形态图,列出了种属鉴定所需要的分类检索表。对于中国海域海盘车属的形态学研究,支持了将异色海盘车从多棘海盘车分开为两种不同的海盘车；支持中国有日本滑海盘车和张氏滑海盘车两种滑海盘车属物种,并提供了两者新的区分特征；认为座冠海星属为海盘车科物种；发现了粗钝海盘车在背棘上存在新的性状特征;文中总结了各属与种的鉴别特征和地理分布特点,列出了详细的检索表,对于重点的形态学特征进行拍照记录,并讨论了各属和种之间的形态学区别等；通过扫描电子显微镜观测拍照的结果,从棘的角度对于海盘车属4个种进行了详细的分类并给出基于棘的显微结构的海盘车属检索表,结果如下：1.上缘棘数2-5枚一组,通常为4枚以上,最多可以到达7枚;下缘棘1-3个,最多可达5个……………………………………………多棘海盘车A. amurensis-上缘棘数通常为1-3个,偶有4个；下缘棘数通常为1或2个………………22.上缘棘近腕基部通常为1个且排列整齐,较大个体腕中部和末端的上缘棘数可以达到2-3个…………………………………………异色海盘车A. versicolor-上缘棘近腕基部通常不为1,排列不整齐………………………………………33.背棘通常较为粗钝,具有明显的纵沟槽；上缘棘、下缘棘和侧步带棘较为粗壮,且具明显的沟槽……………………………………粗钝海盘车A. argonauta背棘较为短小,末端圆钝,密生小刺,沟槽不明显；上缘棘、下缘棘和侧步带棘较为尖细,沟槽无或不明显………………………罗氏海盘车A. rollestoni该研究是首次对于中国海域海盘车科进行全面系统的分类学和地理分布研究,弄清了海盘车的种类组成和分布特点,为中国海洋生物多样性增添了新内容,继而为日后动物志的编写与生物多样性监测评估提供了重要的基础资料；同时展开了显微结构研究,着重厘清了海盘车属4种的形态学差异,进一步补充形态学研究资料,方便进行鉴别及下一步研究工作。下列中国海域海盘车科种类名称,标记有“*”的种类仪在台湾海域有记载出现。海盘车科Family Asteriidae Gray,1840(1)海盘车属Genus Asterias Linnaeus,17581.粗钝海盘车Asterias argonauta Djakonov,19502.多棘海盘车Asterias amurensis Lutken,18713.罗氏海盘车Asterias rollestoni Bell,18814.异色海盘车Asterias versicolor Sladen,1889(2)滑海盘车属Genus Aphelasterias Fisher,19235.日本滑海盘车Aphelasterias japonica Bell,18816.张氏滑海盘车Aphelasterias changfengyingi Baranova Wu,1962(3)长腕海盘车属Genus Distolasterias Perrier,18967.日本长腕海盘车Distolasterias nipon Doderlein,19028.美丽长腕海盘车Distolasterias elegans Djakonov,1931(4)座冠海星属Genus Coronaster Perrier,18859.座冠海星Coronaster volsellatus Sladen,188910.樱花座冠海星Coronaster sakuranus Doderlein,1902*(5)筛海盘车属Genus Coscinasterias Verrill,187011.尖棘筛海盘车Coscinasterias acutispina Stimpson,1862
[Abstract]:Asteriidae, which belongs to the Aasteroidea (Forcipulatida) and is an important large benthic, is widely distributed throughout the world and is an important predator in the intertidal and subtidal ecosystems. At present, there are few taxonomy studies in our country and there are sporadic species description and lack of systems. Taxonomic study and corresponding retrieval table. This paper, based on the collections of the marine biological specimen museum of the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, combined with relevant literature at home and abroad, studied the classification and geographical distribution characteristics of the Chinese Sea plate family. This paper describes 5 genera and 11 species of the family Sea plate family. This paper describes the morphological characteristics of various genera and passes through the transmission. Combined with the new methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other new methods, 400 species of herbarium species collected from the marine biological specimen museum of the Chinese Academy of sciences are systematically studied, and their living environment and geographical distribution are summarized. The morphological differences and problems in taxonomy are discussed, and all kinds of species are provided as a whole. For the morphological study of the species identification, the morphological study of the Chinese Sea plate taxis supports the separation of the discoloration vehicles from the multi spinous Sea plates into two different sea plates, and the two species of the Chinese sliding sea disc and the Cheung's sliding sea disc. It is considered that the genus coracerus is a species of the sea disc family; it has found a new character characteristic on the dorsal spines. The identification and geographical distribution of the genera and species are summarized, a detailed list is listed, the morphological features are recorded and the form between the genera and the species is discussed. By scanning electron microscopy, the results of a scanning electron microscope are used to make a detailed classification of 4 species of the genus seacilge from the angle of the spine and give a seacilge retrieval table based on the spinous microstructures. The results are as follows: the number of spines in the upper margin of 1. is 2-5, usually up to 4, up to 7; the lower margin of the spine is 1-3, most available. Up to 5... The number of upper marginal spines of the A. amurensis- is usually 1-3 and even 4; the number of the lower marginal spines is usually 1 or 2... 22. upper margin of the proximal wrist is usually 1 and is arranged regularly. The number of upper marginal spines in the middle and end of the larger individual is 2-3, and the base of the proximal wrist of the A. versicolor- is usually not 1. Neatly... 33. back spines are usually more blunt, with obvious longitudinal grooves; upper edge spines, lower edge spines and side step spines are more robust and have obvious grooves... A. Argonauta back spines are relatively short, end round blunt, dense small spines, grooves not obvious; upper edge spines, lower margin spines and side step spines are relatively thin, grooves have no or no obvious... The study of Roche A. rollestoni is the first study on the systematic taxonomy and geographical distribution of the Chinese Sea plate family, clarifies the species composition and distribution characteristics of the sea disc cars, and adds new content to the biodiversity of China's marine organisms. At the same time, the microstructural study was carried out, and the morphological differences of 4 species of the genus Sea plate were clarified, and the morphological study was further supplemented, the identification and the next research work were further added. The following species name of the sea plate in the sea area of China, the type instrument marked "*" in the sea area of Taiwan. Section Family Asteriidae Gray, 1840 (1) sea tray cars belong to Genus Asterias Linnaeus, 17581. coarse blunt sea disk car Asterias Argonauta Djakonov, 19502. multi spiny sea disc car Asterias amurensis Lutken, 18713. Roche sea disk car, 18814. discolored sea disk car, 1889 (2) sliding sea disc vehicle belongs to S Fisher, 19235. Japanese skiing car Aphelasterias japonica Bell, 18816. sliding sea disc car, Aphelasterias changfengyingi Baranova Wu, 1962 (3) long wrist sea disk cars belong to Genus Distolasterias Perrier, 18967. Japanese long wrist sea disc cars, 19028. beautiful long wrist sea disc cars 1. 1 931 (4) coronal starfish belong to Genus Coronaster Perrier, 18859. coronal starfish Coronaster volsellatus Sladen, 188910. cherry pedestal crowns Coronaster sakuranus Doderlein, 1902* (5) sieves are Genus Coscinasterias. 1862
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q959

【相似文献】