渭河流域水沙变化及其影响因素

发布时间：2018-07-06 19:41

本文选题：渭河流域 + 径流量　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于气候变化以及人类活动的影响,渭河流域径流量、输沙量减少,流域内水资源紧缺,泥沙淤积、洪水灾害频发。分析渭河流域径流输沙的时空变化规律及其驱动因素,对于渭河流域科学配置治理措施、水土流失治理有重要意义。本文根据渭河流域32个水文站近60年的水文资料、气象资料、地理信息资料和水土保持措施资料等,采用Mann-Kendall趋势性检验法、Pettitt突变点检验法、距平累积曲线法等对渭河流域的径流及输沙时空变化及其驱动因素进行系统分析。主要结论如下:(1)渭河流域1937-2013年径流、输沙年际差异显著。多年平均径流量为78.89亿m~3,多年平均输沙量为4.31亿吨。渭河流域径流量、输沙量均呈显著减小的趋势。渭河流域径流序列的突变年份为1993年,输沙序列的突变年份为1996年。(2)渭河干流大部分区间、泾河、北洛河的部分区间径流量、输沙量呈显著减小的趋势。渭河大多数区间来水量和来沙量的突变年份集中在20世纪80年代末、90年代初;泾河的部分区间来水量、来沙量的突变年份集中在20世纪90年代;北洛河部分区间在21世纪初发生突变。(3)渭河流域的产流中心在渭河干流上游至魏家堡段;渭河下游南岸的涝峪口、秦渡镇、马渡王以南区域;泾河干流上游至杨家坪段。渭河流域的主要产沙区在泾河庆阳以上区域、北洛河刘家河以上区域,而渭河干流中下游魏家堡-华县段、北洛河下游黄陵交口河-状头段为泥沙淤积区。(4)影响渭河流域水沙变化的主要因素有气候因素以及土地利用、水利水保措施等相关人类活动。1958~2013年,渭河流域年降雨量呈现微弱减少趋势,降雨侵蚀力呈现微弱增加的趋势。渭河流域土地利用类型转移的主要方向是草地、林地、耕地和建筑用地之间的相互转化,耕地、未利用地、湿地比重逐渐减少,草地和林地比重逐渐增加。1970~2006年,渭河流域水利水保措施合计年均减水37.049亿m~3,年均减沙1.17亿t。降雨量和人类活动的减水贡献分别为15.14%和84.86%,降雨量和人类活动的减沙贡献分别为7.46%和92.54%。
[Abstract]:Due to the influence of climate change and human activities, the runoff and sediment discharge in the Weihe River basin decrease, the water resources in the basin are short, the sediment silts up and the flood disasters occur frequently. It is of great significance to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of runoff and sediment transport and its driving factors in Weihe River Basin, which is of great significance for the scientific allocation and control of soil and water loss in Weihe River Basin. Based on the hydrological data, meteorological data, geographic information data and soil and water conservation measures data of 32 hydrological stations in Weihe River Basin in recent 60 years, the Mann-Kendall trend test method and Pettitt mutation point test method are used in this paper. The temporal and spatial variation and driving factors of runoff and sediment transport in Weihe River basin were systematically analyzed by means of anomaly accumulation curve method. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the runoff and sediment transport in Weihe River Basin from 1937 to 2013 are significantly different. The annual average runoff is 7.889 billion mm3 and the annual average sediment discharge is 431 million tons. The runoff and sediment discharge of Weihe River basin are decreasing significantly. The abrupt year of runoff sequence of Weihe River basin is 1993, and the abrupt year of sediment transport sequence is 1996. (2) the runoff and sediment discharge of most sections of the main stream of Weihe River, Jinghe River and Beiluo River are obviously decreasing. The abrupt change years of water and sediment quantity in most sections of Weihe River are concentrated in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the abrupt years of sediment quantity in some sections of Jinghe River are concentrated in the 1990s. In the early 21st century, a sudden change occurred in some sections of the Beiluohe River. (3) the runoff producing center of Weihe River Basin is from the upstream of the Weihe River to the Weijiapu section, the southern bank of the Weihe River is the southern bank of the Weihe River, the area south of Maduwang is Qinduzhen, and the upstream of the Jinghe River is to the Yangjiaping section. The main sand producing areas of Weihe River Basin are above Qingyang of Jinghe River, above Liujiahe River in North Luohe River, and the Weijiapou-Huaxian section in the middle and lower reaches of Weihe River main stream. The section of Huangling Jiaokou River in the lower reaches of North Luohe River is the silt area. (4) the main factors influencing the change of water and sediment in Weihe River Basin are climatic factors, land use, water and water conservation measures and other related human activities. The annual rainfall in Weihe River basin shows a slight decreasing trend, and the rainfall erosivity shows a slight increasing trend. The main direction of land use type transfer in Weihe River Basin is the mutual transformation of grassland, woodland, cultivated land and construction land, the proportion of cultivated land, unused land and wetland decreases gradually, and the proportion of grassland and woodland increases gradually from 1970 to 2006. The water conservancy and soil conservation measures in the Weihe River basin have a total annual water reduction of 3.7049 billion mm3 and average annual sediment reduction of 117 million t. The contribution of rainfall and human activities to water reduction were 15.14% and 84.86%, respectively, and the contribution of precipitation and human activities to sediment reduction were 7.46% and 92.54%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P333

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