轮胎复杂花纹沟的空气动力学仿真研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 10:30

本文选题：轮胎 + 复杂花纹沟　；参考：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：轮胎噪声是汽车噪声的主要组成部分,当汽车高速行驶时,轮胎噪声占汽车噪声的比例高达80%。针对轮胎噪声问题,欧盟出台了2009/1222/EC轮胎标签法规,规定各种型号轮胎的具体噪声限值,这是我国轮胎出口业面临的严峻挑战,而要解决技术性贸易壁垒,就必须克服技术瓶颈。泵气噪声是轮胎噪声的主要贡献源,而合理的花纹沟结构设计是减少泵气噪声的有效方法,越来越多的研究者意识到胎面花纹对轮胎降噪的重要性。目前由于实验研究泵气噪声的难度较大,而有限元仿真技术则发展迅速,因此研究复杂花纹沟空气动力学数值模拟方法及其应用成为目前学术界和工程界的重要课题。本文以轮胎复杂花纹沟为研究对象,基于有限元软件ABAQUS对带有复杂花纹沟的12.00R20载重子午线轮胎进行瞬态滚动分析,利用Python编程语言编写程序处理结果,得到不同速度工况下花纹沟泵气过程胎面体表面下压量随时间的变化曲线,并以此作为空气动力学仿真计算的边界条件;基于ANSYS Workbench仿真平台使用大涡模拟和动网格技术,通过System Coupling模块进行双向流固耦合模拟,提出了一套复杂花纹沟空气动力学仿真方法,通过仿真分析了复杂花纹沟的流场特征和涡流的运动规律,并对比有无小沟槽存在时的流场状态;最后基于流场计算结果,采用FW-H声学计算法建立噪声预测方法,并利用方法探讨花纹沟结构对泵气噪声的影响规律。通过本文建立的方法对复杂花纹沟进行仿真计算,得到了花纹沟泵气过程的流场状况,分析结果表明:花纹沟槽出口处流场复杂,气体进入外部流场后,在出口两端花纹块壁面开始形成涡流,涡流在流场中周期性的形成并向外扩散,这一过程引起流场压力波动,是泵气噪声产生的重要原因;另一方面,小沟槽起到了分流作用,主沟槽出口流速和外流场涡流强度均比无小沟槽的复杂花纹沟小,验证了复杂花纹沟槽中小沟槽设计的合理性。基于流场结果对复杂花纹沟的泵气噪声进行了预测,分析结果表明:泵气噪声属于高频噪声;花纹沟状态改变瞬间的声压变化最大;小沟槽存在的复杂花纹沟泵气噪声更小;花纹沟的宽度、高度的增大都会使泵气噪声增加,而壁面拔模角的增大会使花纹沟的泵气噪声减小;其中花纹沟高度对泵气噪声的影响最大,宽度最小,拔模角次之。本文通过研究为轮胎花纹的结构设计提供数值模拟方法和理论参考,为完善轮胎低噪声性能评价体系提供研究工作基础,为提升我国轮胎产业的研发效率与轮胎质量等级提供技术支持。
[Abstract]:Tire noise is the main component of automobile noise. When the vehicle is driving at high speed, the proportion of tire noise to vehicle noise is as high as 80%. Aiming at the problem of tire noise, EU issued the 2009 / 1222 / EC tire label regulation, which stipulates the specific noise limit value of various types of tyres. This is a severe challenge faced by the tire export industry of our country. In order to solve the technical barriers to trade, we must overcome the technical bottleneck. Pump noise is the main contribution of tire noise, and reasonable design of pattern groove structure is an effective method to reduce pump air noise. More and more researchers realize the importance of tread pattern to tire noise reduction. At present, it is difficult to study pump air noise by experiment, and the finite element simulation technology is developing rapidly. Therefore, the research on aerodynamic numerical simulation method of complex pattern groove and its application has become an important subject in academic and engineering circles. Based on the finite element software Abaqus, the transient rolling analysis of 12.00R20 truck radial tire with complex pattern groove is carried out in this paper, and the processing results are programmed by Python programming language. The variation curve of pressure on the surface of tread surface under different velocity conditions is obtained, which is taken as the boundary condition of aerodynamics simulation, and the large eddy simulation and moving grid technology are used based on ANSYS Workbench simulation platform. A set of aerodynamics simulation method for complex pattern groove is proposed by system coupling module, and the characteristics of flow field and the motion law of eddy current are analyzed by simulation. Finally, based on the flow field calculation results, the noise prediction method is established by using FW-H acoustical calculation method, and the influence law of pattern groove structure on pump air noise is discussed by using the method. Through the simulation calculation of the complex pattern groove by the method established in this paper, the flow field of the pattern groove pump gas process is obtained. The analysis results show that the flow field at the outlet of the pattern groove is complicated and the gas enters the external flow field. On the other hand, the vortex is formed periodically in the flow field and diffuses outwards. This process causes the pressure fluctuation of the flow field, which is the important cause of the pump air noise. On the other hand, the small grooves play the role of shunt. The flow velocity at the outlet of the main groove and the eddy current intensity of the outflow field are smaller than those of the complex pattern groove without a small groove, which verifies the rationality of the design of the small groove with the complex pattern groove. Based on the flow field results, the pump air noise of complex pattern groove is predicted. The results show that the pump air noise belongs to high frequency noise, the change of sound pressure in the moment of change of pattern groove state is the biggest, the air noise of complex pattern groove pump with small groove is even less. The increase of the width and height of the pattern groove will increase the pump air noise, while the increase of the wall drawing angle will reduce the pump air noise of the pattern groove, in which the height of the pattern groove has the greatest influence on the pump air noise, the width is the smallest, and the drawing angle is the second. This paper provides the numerical simulation method and theoretical reference for the tire pattern structure design, and provides the research foundation for improving the tire low noise performance evaluation system. Provide technical support for improving R & D efficiency and tire quality grade of tire industry in China.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U463.341;O35

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