神经元放电活动的动力学分析及其影响下的光相位特征仿真实验研究
发布时间：2018-10-05 21:54
【摘要】：神经元是生物神经系统结构与功能的基本单位,它通过放电活动对信息进行编码、传递和整合。放电活动涉及复杂的物理、化学过程,并受到神经元形态、外部刺激、温度等诸多因素的影响,表现出非常丰富的非线性动力学行为,其中蕴含的多种多样的放电模式及其诱发机理引起了人们的广泛关注。各国学者从理论和实验等多方面围绕神经元开展了研究。基于动力学分岔理论分析神经元放电模式的诱发和演化机理是目前研究其放电活动的重要方法之一。同时随着光学检测等技术的发展,各种成像技术也逐渐被运用到神经元形态特征的无损检测识别及其动力学研究中,并发挥了巨大作用。本文围绕神经元放电活动,基于非线性动力学分析方法和定量相位成像技术,分别从动力学理论分析和光学仿真实验两方面对神经元放电活动机理及其动态影响下神经元模型的相位和形态特征进行了研究。在理论分析方面,基于两类常见的神经元动力学模型,分别研究了其在不同刺激条件下的放电活动,即针对神经元Hindmarsh-Rose模型,通过数值计算模拟了常数刺激下系统的不同簇放电模式及其演化情况,比较分析了外部刺激和其他参数对系统放电行为的调制作用;针对分段线性神经元Izhikevich模型,通过分岔分析研究了周期刺激下系统簇放电模式的产生和演化机理。在仿真实验研究方面,从神经元放电活动的本质和动力学特征出发,基于“膜电位—离子浓度—折射率—相移量”的关联,通过光相位成像仿真技术建立了神经元光相位模型并获得了其在不同方向上的相位分布信息,进而运用相位梯度分析了模型的亚结构形态特征,并考虑放电活动对相位信息的动态影响,从样品折射率的变化出发,初步探讨了用相位信息表征这一变化的方法。最后对本文的研究工作做了总结,并对今后的工作进行了展望。本文通过对神经元动力学模型的分析揭示了周期刺激对其放电活动的调制机理,可为研究神经元放电模式调控和非自治动力系统的快-慢耦合运动机制提供参考;从相位成像的角度研究神经元形态特征和放电活动免标记直观监测,建立了神经元光相位模型,对用相位信息表征折射率的动态变化进行了初步探索,可为后续建立光相位参量表述下的神经元放电活动研究方法提供一定的基础。
[Abstract]:Neuron is the basic unit of the structure and function of the biological nervous system. It encodes, transmits and integrates the information through the discharge activity. The discharge activity involves complex physical and chemical processes, and is affected by many factors, such as neuron morphology, external stimulation, temperature and so on, showing a very rich nonlinear dynamic behavior. The various discharge modes and their evoked mechanisms have attracted wide attention. Scholars from all over the world have carried out research on neurons from many aspects, such as theory and experiment. One of the most important methods to study the firing activity of neurons is to analyze the evolutional mechanism of their firing patterns based on the dynamic bifurcation theory. At the same time, with the development of optical detection and other technologies, various imaging techniques have been gradually applied to the recognition of neuron morphology and its dynamics, and played a great role. This paper is based on nonlinear dynamic analysis and quantitative phase imaging. The mechanism of neuronal discharge and the phase and morphological characteristics of neuronal model under dynamic influence were studied from the aspects of kinetic theory analysis and optical simulation experiment. In theoretical analysis, based on two kinds of common neuronal dynamics models, the discharges under different stimulation conditions were studied, namely, the neuronal Hindmarsh-Rose model. The different cluster discharge modes and their evolution under constant stimulus are simulated, and the modulation effects of external stimuli and other parameters on the discharge behavior of the system are compared and analyzed. The mechanism of generation and evolution of cluster discharge mode under periodic stimulation was studied by bifurcation analysis. In the aspect of simulation experiment, based on the relationship between membrane potential, ion concentration, refractive index and phase shift, the essential and dynamic characteristics of neuronal discharges are discussed. The optical phase model of neuron is established by using optical phase imaging simulation technology, and the phase distribution information in different directions is obtained, and then the substructure morphological characteristics of the model are analyzed by using phase gradient. Considering the dynamic effect of the discharge activity on the phase information, the method of using the phase information to characterize the change of the refractive index of the sample is discussed preliminarily. Finally, the research work of this paper is summarized, and the future work is prospected. In this paper, the modulation mechanism of periodic stimuli to its discharge activity is revealed by analyzing the neuronal dynamic model, which can be used as a reference for studying the regulation of neuronal discharge mode and the fast-slow coupling mechanism of non-autonomous dynamic system. From the angle of phase imaging, the morphological characteristics of neurons and the visual monitoring of discharges are studied. The optical phase model of neurons is established, and the dynamic changes of refractive index with phase information are preliminarily explored. It can provide a basis for the further study of the firing activity of neurons under the optical phase parameter representation.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q424
本文编号：2255005
[Abstract]:Neuron is the basic unit of the structure and function of the biological nervous system. It encodes, transmits and integrates the information through the discharge activity. The discharge activity involves complex physical and chemical processes, and is affected by many factors, such as neuron morphology, external stimulation, temperature and so on, showing a very rich nonlinear dynamic behavior. The various discharge modes and their evoked mechanisms have attracted wide attention. Scholars from all over the world have carried out research on neurons from many aspects, such as theory and experiment. One of the most important methods to study the firing activity of neurons is to analyze the evolutional mechanism of their firing patterns based on the dynamic bifurcation theory. At the same time, with the development of optical detection and other technologies, various imaging techniques have been gradually applied to the recognition of neuron morphology and its dynamics, and played a great role. This paper is based on nonlinear dynamic analysis and quantitative phase imaging. The mechanism of neuronal discharge and the phase and morphological characteristics of neuronal model under dynamic influence were studied from the aspects of kinetic theory analysis and optical simulation experiment. In theoretical analysis, based on two kinds of common neuronal dynamics models, the discharges under different stimulation conditions were studied, namely, the neuronal Hindmarsh-Rose model. The different cluster discharge modes and their evolution under constant stimulus are simulated, and the modulation effects of external stimuli and other parameters on the discharge behavior of the system are compared and analyzed. The mechanism of generation and evolution of cluster discharge mode under periodic stimulation was studied by bifurcation analysis. In the aspect of simulation experiment, based on the relationship between membrane potential, ion concentration, refractive index and phase shift, the essential and dynamic characteristics of neuronal discharges are discussed. The optical phase model of neuron is established by using optical phase imaging simulation technology, and the phase distribution information in different directions is obtained, and then the substructure morphological characteristics of the model are analyzed by using phase gradient. Considering the dynamic effect of the discharge activity on the phase information, the method of using the phase information to characterize the change of the refractive index of the sample is discussed preliminarily. Finally, the research work of this paper is summarized, and the future work is prospected. In this paper, the modulation mechanism of periodic stimuli to its discharge activity is revealed by analyzing the neuronal dynamic model, which can be used as a reference for studying the regulation of neuronal discharge mode and the fast-slow coupling mechanism of non-autonomous dynamic system. From the angle of phase imaging, the morphological characteristics of neurons and the visual monitoring of discharges are studied. The optical phase model of neurons is established, and the dynamic changes of refractive index with phase information are preliminarily explored. It can provide a basis for the further study of the firing activity of neurons under the optical phase parameter representation.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q424
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