人类活动对植被影响的遥感量化研究
发布时间：2018-10-08 19:56
【摘要】：陆地生态系统是人类生存的环境基础、发展的必要条件。植被是陆地生态系统的主要组成部分,对陆地生态系统中物质的流动和能量的循环有重要意义。在气候变化和人类活动的双重干扰下,如何区分并量化人类活动对陆地生态系统植被的影响已经成为目前的研究重点。研究人类活动对植被影响的遥感量化将为陆地生态系统服务的变化提供研究依据,对合理利用陆地植被资源和实现陆地生态系统的可持续发展具有重要意义。以山西省为研究区域,基于MODIS MOD13A3归一化植被指数数据,利用土地利用转移矩阵和二元线性回归模型法,从土地利用变化、农业生产和植被建设三个方面,进行了2001-2013年人类活动对山西省植被覆盖影响的遥感量化研究。研究表明:(1)2001-2013年山西省土地利用变化的平均面积占总面积的15.8%,土地利用变化引起NDVI的变化占山西省NDVI变化的16.1%;(2)农业生产对耕地未变区域NDVI的贡献为80%,施肥和灌溉对农作物产量的贡献约为82.1%;(3)植被建设对林地未变区域NDVI的贡献为87.4%,随着海拔升高植被建设对林地未变区域NDVI的贡献越来越大。植被建设对草地未变区域NDVI的贡献为85%,而且对低度带草地未变区域NDVI的贡献比中度带区域的贡献大。以锡林郭勒盟草原为研究区域,使用MODIS MOD17A3净初级生产力数据,分析了2001-)010年锡林郭勒盟草原实际净初级生产力(NPPA)和潜在净初级生产力(NPPP)的时空分布特征及其与气候因子的关系。定量地计算人类活动对净初级生产力的影响(NPPH),分析了2001-2010年锡林郭勒盟草原人类活动影响的净初级生产力的时空分布特征及其作用分类。研究表明:(1)锡林郭勒盟草原NPPA的均值为150.78 gC·m~(-2)·a~(-1),NPPA有较显著的地带性规律,且NPPA在空间上的变化趋势存在明显区域差异;(2)锡林郭勒盟草原NPPP的均值为185.57 g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1),NPPP有较显著的地带性规律,且NPPP在空间上的变化趋势存在明显区域差异;(3)锡林郭勒盟草原NPPH的均值为-34.79 gC·m~(-2)·a~(-1),NPPH平均变化速率为1.18 gC·m~(-2)·a~(-1),人类活动负作用占总面积的93.4%;(4)人类活动对锡林郭勒盟草原净初级生产力的影响主要是由负作用向正作用转变,且空间分布有明显的南北界线,南部表现为负作用增强,北部为正作用增强。选取山西省和锡林郭勒盟草原为研究区域,提出了人类活动对植被影响遥感量化研究的两种方法,定量地评价了人类活动对山西省植被覆盖和锡林郭勒盟草原净初级生产力的影响,讨论了人类活动对山西省和锡林郭勒盟草原植被生态系统的恢复与退化作用。
[Abstract]:Terrestrial ecosystem is the environmental basis for human survival and a necessary condition for development. Vegetation is the main component of terrestrial ecosystem, which plays an important role in material flow and energy cycle in terrestrial ecosystem. Under the dual interference of climate change and human activities, how to distinguish and quantify the impact of human activities on terrestrial ecosystem vegetation has become the focus of current research. The study of remote sensing quantification of the impact of human activities on vegetation will provide the basis for the change of terrestrial ecosystem services and is of great significance for the rational utilization of terrestrial vegetation resources and the realization of sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems. Based on MODIS MOD13A3 normalized vegetation index data and land use transfer matrix and binary linear regression model, Shanxi Province is studied from three aspects: land use change, agricultural production and vegetation construction. A quantitative remote sensing study on the effects of human activities on vegetation cover in Shanxi Province from 2001 to 2013 was carried out. The results show that: (1) the average area of land use change in Shanxi Province accounted for 15.8% of the total area from 2001 to 2013, and the change of NDVI caused by land use change accounted for 16.1% of the change of NDVI in Shanxi Province; (2) the contribution of agricultural production to NDVI in the region of unchanged cultivated land was 80%. The contribution of crop yield is about 82.1. (3) the contribution of vegetation construction to the NDVI of unaltered forest land is 87.4. With the elevation increasing, the contribution of vegetation construction to the NDVI of unchanged forest land is more and more. The contribution of vegetation construction to NDVI in grassland invariant region is 85%, and the contribution to NDVI in low grassland invariant region is greater than that in moderate zone. Based on the MODIS MOD17A3 net primary productivity data, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of real net primary productivity (NPPA) and potential net primary productivity (NPPP) and their relationship with climatic factors in the grassland of Xilingor League in 2010 were analyzed. The effects of human activities on net primary productivity (NPP) were quantitatively calculated. (NPPH), was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of net primary productivity (NPP) in the grassland of Xilinguole League from 2001 to 2010 and its functional classification. The results showed that: (1) the average value of NPPA was 150.78 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1) in Xilingol League steppe, and there were significant regional differences in the spatial variation of NPPA, and (2) the mean value of NPPP was 185.57 g cm ~ (-2) a ~ (-1) in Xilingol steppe. (3) the mean value of NPPH was -34.79 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1), the average change rate of NPPH was 1.18 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1), and the negative effects of human activities accounted for 93.4% of the total area; (4) Human activities had a negative effect on the grassland of Xilingol League. (4) the average change rate of NPPH was -34.79 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1). The influence of the grade productivity is mainly from the negative effect to the positive effect. The spatial distribution has obvious boundary between north and south, the negative effect is enhanced in the south, and the positive effect is enhanced in the north. The grassland of Shanxi Province and Xilinguole League is selected as the research area, and two methods for quantifying the effects of human activities on vegetation are put forward. The effects of human activities on vegetation cover and net primary productivity of grassland in Xilinguole League in Shanxi Province were quantitatively evaluated. The restoration and degradation of grassland vegetation ecosystem in Shanxi Province and Xilinguole League were discussed.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948
[Abstract]:Terrestrial ecosystem is the environmental basis for human survival and a necessary condition for development. Vegetation is the main component of terrestrial ecosystem, which plays an important role in material flow and energy cycle in terrestrial ecosystem. Under the dual interference of climate change and human activities, how to distinguish and quantify the impact of human activities on terrestrial ecosystem vegetation has become the focus of current research. The study of remote sensing quantification of the impact of human activities on vegetation will provide the basis for the change of terrestrial ecosystem services and is of great significance for the rational utilization of terrestrial vegetation resources and the realization of sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems. Based on MODIS MOD13A3 normalized vegetation index data and land use transfer matrix and binary linear regression model, Shanxi Province is studied from three aspects: land use change, agricultural production and vegetation construction. A quantitative remote sensing study on the effects of human activities on vegetation cover in Shanxi Province from 2001 to 2013 was carried out. The results show that: (1) the average area of land use change in Shanxi Province accounted for 15.8% of the total area from 2001 to 2013, and the change of NDVI caused by land use change accounted for 16.1% of the change of NDVI in Shanxi Province; (2) the contribution of agricultural production to NDVI in the region of unchanged cultivated land was 80%. The contribution of crop yield is about 82.1. (3) the contribution of vegetation construction to the NDVI of unaltered forest land is 87.4. With the elevation increasing, the contribution of vegetation construction to the NDVI of unchanged forest land is more and more. The contribution of vegetation construction to NDVI in grassland invariant region is 85%, and the contribution to NDVI in low grassland invariant region is greater than that in moderate zone. Based on the MODIS MOD17A3 net primary productivity data, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of real net primary productivity (NPPA) and potential net primary productivity (NPPP) and their relationship with climatic factors in the grassland of Xilingor League in 2010 were analyzed. The effects of human activities on net primary productivity (NPP) were quantitatively calculated. (NPPH), was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of net primary productivity (NPP) in the grassland of Xilinguole League from 2001 to 2010 and its functional classification. The results showed that: (1) the average value of NPPA was 150.78 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1) in Xilingol League steppe, and there were significant regional differences in the spatial variation of NPPA, and (2) the mean value of NPPP was 185.57 g cm ~ (-2) a ~ (-1) in Xilingol steppe. (3) the mean value of NPPH was -34.79 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1), the average change rate of NPPH was 1.18 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1), and the negative effects of human activities accounted for 93.4% of the total area; (4) Human activities had a negative effect on the grassland of Xilingol League. (4) the average change rate of NPPH was -34.79 gC m ~ (-2) a ~ (-1). The influence of the grade productivity is mainly from the negative effect to the positive effect. The spatial distribution has obvious boundary between north and south, the negative effect is enhanced in the south, and the positive effect is enhanced in the north. The grassland of Shanxi Province and Xilinguole League is selected as the research area, and two methods for quantifying the effects of human activities on vegetation are put forward. The effects of human activities on vegetation cover and net primary productivity of grassland in Xilinguole League in Shanxi Province were quantitatively evaluated. The restoration and degradation of grassland vegetation ecosystem in Shanxi Province and Xilinguole League were discussed.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948
【参考文献】
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