三种荒漠植物AM真菌群落结构和物种多样性研究
发布时间：2018-10-09 12:55
【摘要】：AM(Arbuscular mycorrhizal)真菌是自然生态系统中根际微生物群落的重要组成部分,在恢复和重建退化生态系统植被,维持生态系统功能和植物多样性方面发挥重要作用。羊柴(Hedysarum laeve)、油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)、沙鞭(Psammochloa villosa)是毛乌素沙地荒漠植物群落的优势种,抗旱性强,有防风固沙和生态修复功能。本研究于2015、2016年7月在毛乌素沙地西北缘鄂尔多斯地区,采集油蒿、沙鞭、羊柴根围0 50cm土样,结合形态学与高通量测序,阐明植物、土壤深度和土壤因子对AM真菌群落结构和物种多样性的影响。为充分利用AM真菌资源,促进荒漠植物生长和植被恢复提供依据。主要试验结果如下:1.共分离鉴定AM真菌11属47种,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)18种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)11种,根内囊霉属(Rhizophagus)4种,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)3种,管柄囊霉属(Funneliformis)3种,巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)2种,近明囊霉属(Claroideoglomus)2种,Ambispora 1种,多孢囊霉属(Diversispora)1种,硬囊霉属(Sclerocystis)1种,Racocetra 1种。AM真菌群落构成在不同植物和土层间差异显著,Glomus,Acaulospora,Scutellospora为共有优势属。Diversispora,Gigaspora,Sclerocystis,Racocetra等为稀有属仅分布在浅土层。羊柴根围共分离AM真菌45种,油蒿分离42种,沙鞭分离39种。A.bireticulata,A.excauata,A.lavis,G.convolutum,G.melanosporum,F.geosporum,Scu.nigra等分布广泛。Gigaspora decipiens,G.pansihalos,G.sp1,Ambispora gerdemannii,Rh.diaphanus,Glomus dimorphicum,G.multicaule,G.pustulatum,Rh.Intraradices,Sclerocystis sp.等为偶见种或稀有种。2.A.bireticulata,A.dilatata,G.convolutum,Scu.nigra较农田等生态系统,孢子直径明显变小,孢子表面有深浅不一、分布不均的凹坑和划痕。A.bireticulata孢子在沙鞭根围呈灰色,其他植物根围为暗黄色。3.油蒿、羊柴根围AM真菌孢子密度、种丰度、香农维纳指数显著高于沙鞭;3个指标随土层加深而降低。孢子密度、种丰度与土壤全磷正相关,与pH负相关。综合分析可知,植物种类和土壤深度能直接显著影响AM真菌群落结构。4.高通量测序分析得到AM真菌OTUs 73个,共130298条序列,通过Blast比对,分为4科9属。11个AM真菌OTUs鉴定到种,其中,Diversispora aurantia,Entrophospora nevadensis,Otospora bareae,Septoglomus furcatum,Paraglomus occultum等未在形态学观察中分离鉴定。种丰度、Simpson指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数油蒿与羊柴较为接近,显著大于沙鞭,羊柴AM真菌系统发育多样性指数高于油蒿,并显著高于沙鞭。5.NMDS分析可知,植物种类显著影响AM真菌群落结构。AM真菌种丰度、Simpson指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数与植物种类极显著相关;SEM模型分析可知,植物种类、土壤碳氮比及土壤湿度是影响AM真菌群落的主要因子。
[Abstract]:AM (Arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi is an important component of rhizosphere microbial community in natural ecosystem. It plays an important role in restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystem vegetation and maintenance of ecosystem function and plant diversity. (Psammochloa villosa) is the dominant species of desert plant community in Maowusu sandy land. It has strong drought resistance and has the function of windbreak and sand fixation and ecological restoration. In this study, 50cm soil samples were collected from Artemisia annua (Artemisia oleifera), Sand Verticillium (Rhizoma Artemisia), and rootstock (0 50cm) in the northwest margin of Maowusu Sandy Land in July, 2015, 2016. The plants were elucidated by morphological and high-throughput sequencing. Effects of soil depth and soil factors on AM fungal Community structure and species Diversity. In order to make full use of AM fungi resources and promote the growth of desert plants and vegetation restoration. The main results are as follows: 1. A total of 47 species belonging to 11 genera of AM fungi were identified, including 18 species of (Glomus), 11 species of (Acaulospora), 4 species of (Rhizophagus), 3 species of (Scutellospora), 3 species of (Funneliformis), 2 species of (Gigaspora) and 1 species of (Claroideoglomus). One species of the genus (Diversispora) and one species of racocetra of the genus (Sclerocystis). The composition of the fungi community of Glomusus Acaulospora and Scutellospora were significantly different among different plants and soil layers. The common dominant genus. Diversispora Gigaspora Sclerocystis Racocetra were rare genera only distributed in the shallow soil. A total of 45 species of AM fungi, 42 species of Artemisia annua, 39 species of A. bireticulata A. excauata, A. lavisa G. convolutum G. melanosporum F. geosporum Scu.nigra, are widely distributed. Gigaspora decipiens,G.pansihalos,G.sp1,Ambispora gerdemannii,Rh.diaphanus,Glomus dimorphicum,G.multicaule,G.pustulatum,Rh.Intraradices,Sclerocystis sp. A. bireticulata A. dilatataer G. convolutumtumScu.nigra is smaller than that in farmland. The spore diameter is obviously smaller, the spore surface is different in depth, the uneven distribution pits and scratches of A. bireticulata spores are gray around the root of Abireticulata, and the other plant roots are dark yellow. The spore density, seed abundance and Shannon Weiner index of AM fungi in the root circumference of Artemisia annua were significantly higher than those of the rhizosphere, and the three indexes decreased with the deepening of soil layer. Spore density and seed abundance were positively correlated with soil total phosphorus and negatively correlated with pH. Comprehensive analysis shows that plant species and soil depth can directly affect the structure of AM fungi community. 4. A total of 130298 sequences of AM fungi OTUs were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. They were classified into 4 families, 9 genera and 11 species of AM fungi OTUs by Blast alignment. Among them, Diversispora aurantia,Entrophospora nevadensis,Otospora bareae,Septoglomus furcatum,Paraglomus occultum was not isolated from morphological observation. Artemisia annua was close to that of Astragalus japonicus, and was significantly larger than that of Astragalus japonicus. The phylogenetic diversity index of AM fungi was higher than that of Artemisia annua, and was significantly higher than that of sand-whip. 5. NMDS analysis showed that Artemisia japonicus had a higher phylogenetic diversity index. Plant species significantly affect the structure of AM fungal community .The AM fungi community is mainly affected by plant species, soil C / N ratio and soil moisture.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q938
[Abstract]:AM (Arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi is an important component of rhizosphere microbial community in natural ecosystem. It plays an important role in restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystem vegetation and maintenance of ecosystem function and plant diversity. (Psammochloa villosa) is the dominant species of desert plant community in Maowusu sandy land. It has strong drought resistance and has the function of windbreak and sand fixation and ecological restoration. In this study, 50cm soil samples were collected from Artemisia annua (Artemisia oleifera), Sand Verticillium (Rhizoma Artemisia), and rootstock (0 50cm) in the northwest margin of Maowusu Sandy Land in July, 2015, 2016. The plants were elucidated by morphological and high-throughput sequencing. Effects of soil depth and soil factors on AM fungal Community structure and species Diversity. In order to make full use of AM fungi resources and promote the growth of desert plants and vegetation restoration. The main results are as follows: 1. A total of 47 species belonging to 11 genera of AM fungi were identified, including 18 species of (Glomus), 11 species of (Acaulospora), 4 species of (Rhizophagus), 3 species of (Scutellospora), 3 species of (Funneliformis), 2 species of (Gigaspora) and 1 species of (Claroideoglomus). One species of the genus (Diversispora) and one species of racocetra of the genus (Sclerocystis). The composition of the fungi community of Glomusus Acaulospora and Scutellospora were significantly different among different plants and soil layers. The common dominant genus. Diversispora Gigaspora Sclerocystis Racocetra were rare genera only distributed in the shallow soil. A total of 45 species of AM fungi, 42 species of Artemisia annua, 39 species of A. bireticulata A. excauata, A. lavisa G. convolutum G. melanosporum F. geosporum Scu.nigra, are widely distributed. Gigaspora decipiens,G.pansihalos,G.sp1,Ambispora gerdemannii,Rh.diaphanus,Glomus dimorphicum,G.multicaule,G.pustulatum,Rh.Intraradices,Sclerocystis sp. A. bireticulata A. dilatataer G. convolutumtumScu.nigra is smaller than that in farmland. The spore diameter is obviously smaller, the spore surface is different in depth, the uneven distribution pits and scratches of A. bireticulata spores are gray around the root of Abireticulata, and the other plant roots are dark yellow. The spore density, seed abundance and Shannon Weiner index of AM fungi in the root circumference of Artemisia annua were significantly higher than those of the rhizosphere, and the three indexes decreased with the deepening of soil layer. Spore density and seed abundance were positively correlated with soil total phosphorus and negatively correlated with pH. Comprehensive analysis shows that plant species and soil depth can directly affect the structure of AM fungi community. 4. A total of 130298 sequences of AM fungi OTUs were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. They were classified into 4 families, 9 genera and 11 species of AM fungi OTUs by Blast alignment. Among them, Diversispora aurantia,Entrophospora nevadensis,Otospora bareae,Septoglomus furcatum,Paraglomus occultum was not isolated from morphological observation. Artemisia annua was close to that of Astragalus japonicus, and was significantly larger than that of Astragalus japonicus. The phylogenetic diversity index of AM fungi was higher than that of Artemisia annua, and was significantly higher than that of sand-whip. 5. NMDS analysis showed that Artemisia japonicus had a higher phylogenetic diversity index. Plant species significantly affect the structure of AM fungal community .The AM fungi community is mainly affected by plant species, soil C / N ratio and soil moisture.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q938
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