广东南岭溪流鱼类群落结构及多样性的研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 11:26

【摘要】：广东南岭位于北回归线,是珠江支流北江的发源地,本研究从生态学的角度分析广东南岭山地森林溪流鱼类资源结构特点,为广东南岭山地森林溪流的鱼类资源的管理及生物多样性的保护利用提供理论依据。通过2014年和2015年对广东南岭地区鱼类资源进行的调查,对该地区鱼类物种组成、物种多样性、群落结构特点和饵料资源等进行了研究。主要研究结果如下:1、共采集鱼类标本3463尾,经鉴别分属于3目8科29属38种。结果显示,该地区优势类群为鲤科鱼类,有5亚科14属16种,占总种数的42%。该地区鱼类可划分于5个区系复合体,其中热带平原复合体构成了广东南岭山地溪流鱼类的主体。渔获物以小型鱼为主,平均尾重27.44 g。2、从栖息类型来看,是以生活于水体中下层鱼类为主,从食性类型来看,杂食性鱼类占广东南岭鱼类种类的较大比例,其次是植食性鱼类。3、鱼类物种多样性指数较高,其中Simpson、Shannon-Wiener、Margalef指数分别为0.925、2.944、4.54。说明广东南岭地区鱼类群落物种多样性和丰富度较高,均匀度较低,群落结构较为稳定,海拔为300-600 m时各项指数都较高。4、通过ABC曲线研究发现广东南岭鱼类群落处于中度干扰状态;生长快、性成熟期短的小型鱼类占广东南岭鱼类群落主要种类。5、广东南岭地区饵料资源较为丰富。浮游生物种类丰富,共378种,浮游植物共计241种,其中又以硅藻门为主,占浮游植物种类的56%;绿藻门次之,占浮游植物种类的26%;蓝藻门占浮游植物种数的12%;黄藻和裸藻亦有分布但种类较少。浮游动物共鉴定出四大类,共计77种。以原生动物,占浮游动物种类的31%;轮虫和枝角类亦有分布,两者都占浮游动种类的25%;桡足类种类最少占19%。还调查出底栖动物共50种;水生植物发现苦草(Vallisneria asiatca)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla varticillata)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malainus)、蓖齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、沟草(Ruppia rostellata)、大茨藻(Najas marina)、小茨藻(Najas minor)、聚草(Nyriopdyllum spicatum)、轮叶狐尾藻(M.verticillatum)、五刺金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum oryzeiorum)共10种。在海拔500 m左右的地区饵料资源最为丰富。
[Abstract]:Nanling, Guangdong Province, is located in the Tropic of Cancer and is the birthplace of Beijiang River, a tributary of the Pearl River. This study analyzed the structural characteristics of forest stream fish resources in Nanling Mountain, Guangdong Province, from an ecological point of view. It provides a theoretical basis for the management of fish resources and the conservation and utilization of biodiversity in mountain forest streams in Nanling, Guangdong Province. The fish species composition, species diversity, community structure and feed resources in Nanling area of Guangdong Province were investigated in 2014 and 2015. The main results are as follows: 1. A total of 3463 fish samples were collected and identified in 3 orders, 8 families, 29 genera and 38 species. The results showed that the dominant group in this area was Cyprinidae, with 16 species belonging to 14 genera and 5 subfamilies, accounting for 422.2% of the total species. The fish in this area can be divided into five floristic complexes, among which the tropical plain complex forms the main body of the mountain stream fishes in Nanling, Guangdong Province. The catch was mainly small fish with an average tail weight of 27.44 g 路2. From the habitat type, it was mainly found in the middle and lower layers of the water body, and the omnivorous fish accounted for a large proportion of the fish species in Nanling, Guangdong Province. The second was phytophagous fish. 3. The diversity index of fish species was higher, and the Simpson,Shannon-Wiener,Margalef index was 0.925 and 2.944 and 4.54 respectively. The results showed that the species diversity and richness of fish communities in Nanling area of Guangdong Province were higher, the evenness was lower, the community structure was stable, and the indices were higher when the altitude was 300-600 m. It was found that the fish community in Nanling of Guangdong Province was in a medium disturbance state through the study of ABC curve. The small fishes with fast growth and short sexual maturity are the main species of fish community in Nanling, Guangdong Province. 5. The food resources in Nanling area of Guangdong Province are relatively rich. There are 378 species of phytoplankton, including 241 species of phytoplankton, among which diatom is the main species, accounting for 56% of phytoplankton species, Chlorophyta is second, accounting for 26% of phytoplankton species, Cyanophyta accounts for 12% of phytoplankton species. Yellow algae and Phaeophyta are also distributed, but the species are relatively small. A total of 77 species of zooplankton were identified. Protozoa account for 31% of zooplankton species; rotifer and Cladocera are also distributed, both of them account for 25% of zooplankton species, and copepod species account for at least 19% of zooplankton species. A total of 50 species of benthos were also investigated. Discovery of (Vallisneria asiatca), (Hydrilla varticillata), (Potamogeton malainus), (Potamogeton pectinatus), (Ruppia rostellata), (Najas marina), (Najas minor), (Nyriopdyllum spicatum), in aquatic plants There are 10 species of M.verticillatum and (Ceratophyllum oryzeiorum). The food resource is the most abundant in the area about 500m above sea level.
【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q958.8

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