新疆气象灾害应急管理体制研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 16:43

【摘要】：新疆地区地形复杂,天气气候多样,不仅受西风带天气系统的影响,也受副热带天气系统的影响,同时还受西北地区独特的地形影响,加之生态环境脆弱,因此造成新疆是我国气象灾害最多的省区之一,灾害性天气种类繁多、影响范围广。气象灾害约占各种自然灾害数量的80%、造成损失的60%以上,严重影响新疆经济社会的发展。相较于发达国家和内地较发达省份,新疆气象灾害应急管理研究仍处于发展的初级阶段,专题研究新疆地区气象灾害应急管理体制的研究成果寥寥。本文通过文献阅读、理论研究,确定研究对象和范围;通过走访相关部门,获取新疆气象灾害应急管理体制“一案三制”“一网五库”建设情况的一手材料。通过对新疆主要的气象灾害及其特点、影响、成因进行分析,研究气象灾害对经济社会的负面影响。从法制机制建设、应急预案管理、预警信息发布、监测预报能力、人工影响天气等方面梳理新疆气象灾害应急管理体制的基本情况。通过对新疆喀什地区叶城县“7·6”泥石流应急救援案例进行分析,从事件过程、应急救援、事后分析、灾后恢复四方面对新疆现阶段气象灾害应急处置进行分析。综合以上情况,分析现阶段新疆气象灾害应急管理体制在“一案三制”建设、综合气象观测发展、气象灾害监测预报和风险预警能力、预警发布效率、人影作业能力、公众主动响应机制、气象灾害防御科普宣传等方面的不足,找出问题所在。研究日本、俄罗斯、加拿大三个发达国家的应急管理体系、预警系统建设,对比分析,整理适合我国国情的借鉴经验。在以上研究的基础上,从加强统筹协调、健全应急体制,强化风险管理、提升气象灾害应急管理能力,统筹社会力量、发挥市场作用,健全保障机制、提升应急管理服务能力四方面提出完善新疆气象灾害应急管理体制的有效建议措施。研究指出新疆气象灾害多发、频发、重发的趋势仍将持续,需进一步加强应急管理体制顶层设计和相关配套支撑研究。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang has complex topography and diverse weather and climate, which is affected not only by the westerly and subtropical weather systems, but also by the unique topography of the northwest region, and by the fragile ecological environment. Therefore, Xinjiang is one of the provinces with most meteorological disasters in China. Meteorological disasters account for about 80% of all kinds of natural disasters, causing more than 60% of the losses, which seriously affect the economic and social development of Xinjiang. Compared with developed countries and inland provinces, the research of meteorological disaster emergency management in Xinjiang is still in the primary stage of development, and the research results of special research on the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang are few. Through literature reading and theoretical research, this paper determines the object and scope of the study, and obtains the primary materials of the construction of "one case, three systems" and "one network and five storehouses" of the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang by visiting relevant departments. Through the analysis of the main meteorological disasters, their characteristics, effects and causes of formation in Xinjiang, this paper studies the negative effects of meteorological disasters on economic and social development. The basic situation of the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang is combed from the aspects of legal mechanism construction, emergency plan management, early warning information release, monitoring and forecasting ability, artificial influence weather and so on. Based on the analysis of emergency rescue cases of "7.6" debris flow in Yecheng County, Kashi region, Xinjiang, this paper analyzes the emergency disposal of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang at present from the following four aspects: event process, emergency rescue, post-disaster recovery and post-disaster recovery. Synthesizing the above situation, this paper analyzes the construction of the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang at the present stage, the comprehensive meteorological observation and development, the ability of meteorological disaster monitoring and forecasting and risk early warning, the efficiency of early warning and issuing, and the ability of human shadow operation. Public active response mechanism, meteorological disaster prevention science publicity and other aspects of the shortcomings, to find out the problem. This paper studies the emergency management system, early warning system construction and comparative analysis of three developed countries, Japan, Russia and Canada. On the basis of the above studies, from strengthening coordination, improving emergency response system, strengthening risk management, enhancing the ability of meteorological disaster emergency management, coordinating social forces, giving play to market role, and perfecting the safeguard mechanism, To improve the ability of emergency management service four effective measures to improve the emergency management system of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang are put forward. It is pointed out that the trend of frequent occurrence and recurrence of meteorological disasters in Xinjiang will continue, and the top level design of emergency management system and related supporting research should be further strengthened.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P429

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