蝙蝠双耳变形轨迹提取与耳屏声学功能研究
发布时间：2018-11-14 14:18
【摘要】：作为自然界中唯一进化出飞行能力的哺乳动物,蝙蝠具有灵敏且精确度极高的生物声呐系统,小蝙蝠亚目的所有种类的蝙蝠都是利用自身的生物声呐系统完成捕食和环境探测等一系列行为。蝙蝠通过喉腔中声带振动产生的超声波信号,口腔和鼻叶作为声音通道使得超声波信号向外发射,随后周围环境中的生物或者非生物作为障碍物会使发射出的超声波信号受阻并发射产生回波信号,蝙蝠的耳朵作为生物声呐系统的接收部分会接收回波信号。目前的研究工作表明,在超声波向外传播的过程中,蝙蝠头部的某些生物声呐器官(例如耳廓、耳屏等结构)会在超声波信号向外传播的过程中对蝙蝠的发射声场产生影响。本文研究内容主要包括两部分:(1)捕获研究对象并完成中华菊头蝠双耳耳廓运动轨迹的提取。在适合蝙蝠生活的野外洞穴中捕获中华菊头蝠样品后,使用高分辨率高速摄像机拍摄不同方向不同角度的棋盘格图片和蝙蝠接收声音信号时双耳运动的图片,其中棋盘格图片用于相机标定,蝙蝠双耳运动图用于提取蝙蝠耳廓上人工标记的二维点信息,结合相机标定结果和蝙蝠耳廓二维点信息,综合得到蝙蝠双耳的运动轨迹。(2)研究主要包括捕获研究对象并完成马来假吸血蝠耳廓的三维重构和数值计算两部分。采集得到马来假吸血蝠作为实验对象后,利用高分辨率Micro-CT扫描仪对马来假吸血蝠耳廓结构进行X射线扫描,得到马来假吸血蝠耳廓结构的X射线投影图。利用三维锥形光束重建算法对该投影图进行处理,得到一组具有多灰度等级的断层图像,随后通过高斯滤波及二值化处理得到马来假吸血蝠耳廓的二值化图像,最终将二值化图像累计叠加得到用立方体体素构成的马来假吸血蝠耳廓的三维数字结构。随后通过人工处理,结合计算机图像处理和三维可视化技术分别对马来假吸血蝠耳廓结构进行填补耳屏分叉和整体剔除耳屏处理,得到原始耳廓三维数字结构、填补耳屏分叉后的耳廓三维数字结构和剔除耳屏的耳廓三维数字结构。得到马来假吸血蝠耳廓的不同三维数字结构后,以耳廓三维数字结构为基础,在耳道内放置一个高斯脉冲点源最为激励源,使用专业计算机进行数值仿真计算,我们将计算区域人为地分为近场和远场。近场采用时域有限差分法得到近场声场的声压幅度值;基于近场声场的计算结果,利用基尔霍夫积分可得到远场声场的声压分布。近场声场的数值解可通过可以随意移动位置的三个相互垂直的平面表示,且近场声压分布中,颜色不同,所代表的的声压幅度值不同;远场声场采用远场声压分布图和声场辐射波瓣图表示,其中远场声压分布图可以表示具体的远场幅值,远场波瓣图可以表征声场的方向性,应重点关注其外形。通过分析马来假吸血蝠耳廓不同的三维数字结构的计算结果,得到结论如下:马来假吸血蝠的耳屏及耳屏内的分叉结构不但会对近场声压幅度值的大小产生影响,而且对远场声压分布和形成远场接收方向性波瓣起一定的作用,且有明确的频率选择性。在对近场声压产生影响时,耳屏的影响对象主要是耳廓内的声压幅度值:高斯脉冲点源频率为低频和高频时,剔除耳屏后的耳廓内声压幅度值相较于原始耳廓结构中声压幅度值大且声压分布更均匀;高斯脉冲点源频率为中频时,剔除耳屏后的耳廓内声压幅度值相较于原始耳廓结构中声压幅度值小,并且原始耳廓结构内声压分布相对更加均匀。在对远场声压分布和远场接收方向性产生影响时,耳屏对声压分布和远场辐射波瓣图中主瓣和旁瓣的分布产生影响,高斯脉冲点源频率为低频和高频时,依靠拆分主瓣从而形成两个或两个以上的旁瓣来完成信号的调节;在高斯脉冲点源频率为中频时,信号的调节通过将能量较弱的旁瓣合并成为能量强的主瓣来实现。
[Abstract]:As the only mammal in nature that has evolved the ability to fly, bats have a very sensitive and highly accurate biological sonar system. All kinds of bats of the subobjective of the small bat are a series of actions, such as the use of their own biological sonar system to complete the predation and environmental detection. the ultrasonic signals generated by the vibration of the vocal cords in the laryngeal cavity, the oral cavity and the nasal leaves are used as sound channels so that the ultrasonic signals are emitted outwards, The bat's ear receives the echo signal as the receiving portion of the biological sonar system. The current research shows that in the course of ultrasonic wave propagation, some of the biological sonar organs of the bat's head, such as the pinna, the ear shield, etc., will have an effect on the sound field of the bat during the propagation of the ultrasonic signal to the outside. The content of this paper mainly includes two parts: (1) to capture the study object and to complete the extraction of the motion track of the auricula pinus auriculata. after the samples of the Chinese chrysanthemum head bat are captured in a wild cave suitable for bat life, a high-resolution high-speed camera is used for shooting a chessboard grid picture with different angles and a picture of the binaural motion when the bat receives the sound signal, wherein the chessboard picture is used for camera calibration, The biaural motion map of the bat is used for extracting the two-dimensional point information of the artificial mark on the pinna of the bat, combining the calibration result of the camera and the two-dimensional point information of the pinna of the bat, and comprehensively obtaining the motion track of the biaural of the bat. (2) The study mainly consisted of three-dimensional reconstruction and numerical calculation of the pinna of the pialus malayensis. A high-resolution micro-CT scanner was used to carry out the X-ray scanning on the pinna structure of the Malay false-sucking bat as an experimental object to obtain the X-ray projection of the pinna structure of the Malay false-sucking bat. the projection is processed by a three-dimensional cone beam reconstruction algorithm to obtain a group of tomographic images with a multi-gray scale, and finally, the two-valued image is accumulated and superposed to obtain a three-dimensional digital structure of a Malay pseudo-blood bat pinna which is composed of a cubic body element. and then carrying out manual processing, and combining the computer image processing and the three-dimensional visualization technology to respectively fill the ear-screen branch and the whole elimination of the ear-screen processing on the pinna structure of the Malay pseudo-sucking blood bat, so as to obtain the three-dimensional digital structure of the original pinna, the three-dimensional digital structure of the auricle after the ear shield is divided and the three-dimensional digital structure of the auricle for removing the ear shield are filled. On the basis of the three-dimensional digital structure of the pinna, a Gaussian pulse point source is placed in the ear canal with the three-dimensional digital structure of the pinna, the most exciting source of a Gaussian pulse point source is placed in the ear canal, and the numerical simulation calculation is carried out by using a professional computer, and the calculation area is artificially divided into the near field and the far field. In the near field, a time-domain finite difference method is adopted to obtain the sound pressure amplitude value of the near field sound field, and based on the calculation result of the near field sound field, the sound pressure distribution of the far field sound field can be obtained by using the Kirchhoff integral. the numerical solution of the near-field sound field can be represented by three mutually perpendicular planes which can move freely, and in the near-field sound pressure distribution, the color is different, and the sound pressure amplitude value represented is different; and the far field sound field is represented by a far field sound pressure distribution diagram and a sound field radiation lobe diagram, in which the far field sound pressure distribution map can represent the specific far field amplitude value, the far field lobe diagram can be used to characterize the directivity of the sound field, and the shape of the sound field should be focused on. Through the analysis of the calculation results of the different three-dimensional digital structures of the auricle of the Malay pseudo-sucking bat, the conclusions are as follows: the ear shield of the Malay false-sucking bat and the branch structure in the ear shield can not only influence the size of the near-field sound pressure amplitude value, but also plays a role in the distribution of the sound pressure of the far field and the receiving of the directional lobe of the far field, and has a definite frequency selectivity. when the influence of the near-field sound pressure is influenced, the influence object of the ear shield is mainly the sound pressure amplitude value in the auricle: when the frequency of the Gaussian pulse point source is low-frequency and high-frequency, the sound pressure amplitude value of the auricle after the ear shield is removed is larger than the sound pressure amplitude value in the original auricle structure and the sound pressure distribution is more uniform; When the frequency of the Gaussian pulse point source is the intermediate frequency, the sound pressure amplitude value in the auricle after the ear shield is removed is smaller than the sound pressure amplitude value in the original auricle structure, and the sound pressure distribution in the original auricle structure is relatively more uniform. in that case of influence on the sound pressure distribution of the far field and the reception directivity of the far field, the acoustic pressure distribution and the distribution of the main lobe and the side lobe in the radiation lobe of the far field are affected by the ear shield, and the Gaussian pulse point source frequency is low frequency and high frequency, by splitting the main lobe to form two or more side lobes to complete the adjustment of the signal, the adjustment of the signal is achieved by combining the weaker side lobes into the energy-strong main lobe when the gaussian pulse point source frequency is an intermediate frequency.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q62
[Abstract]:As the only mammal in nature that has evolved the ability to fly, bats have a very sensitive and highly accurate biological sonar system. All kinds of bats of the subobjective of the small bat are a series of actions, such as the use of their own biological sonar system to complete the predation and environmental detection. the ultrasonic signals generated by the vibration of the vocal cords in the laryngeal cavity, the oral cavity and the nasal leaves are used as sound channels so that the ultrasonic signals are emitted outwards, The bat's ear receives the echo signal as the receiving portion of the biological sonar system. The current research shows that in the course of ultrasonic wave propagation, some of the biological sonar organs of the bat's head, such as the pinna, the ear shield, etc., will have an effect on the sound field of the bat during the propagation of the ultrasonic signal to the outside. The content of this paper mainly includes two parts: (1) to capture the study object and to complete the extraction of the motion track of the auricula pinus auriculata. after the samples of the Chinese chrysanthemum head bat are captured in a wild cave suitable for bat life, a high-resolution high-speed camera is used for shooting a chessboard grid picture with different angles and a picture of the binaural motion when the bat receives the sound signal, wherein the chessboard picture is used for camera calibration, The biaural motion map of the bat is used for extracting the two-dimensional point information of the artificial mark on the pinna of the bat, combining the calibration result of the camera and the two-dimensional point information of the pinna of the bat, and comprehensively obtaining the motion track of the biaural of the bat. (2) The study mainly consisted of three-dimensional reconstruction and numerical calculation of the pinna of the pialus malayensis. A high-resolution micro-CT scanner was used to carry out the X-ray scanning on the pinna structure of the Malay false-sucking bat as an experimental object to obtain the X-ray projection of the pinna structure of the Malay false-sucking bat. the projection is processed by a three-dimensional cone beam reconstruction algorithm to obtain a group of tomographic images with a multi-gray scale, and finally, the two-valued image is accumulated and superposed to obtain a three-dimensional digital structure of a Malay pseudo-blood bat pinna which is composed of a cubic body element. and then carrying out manual processing, and combining the computer image processing and the three-dimensional visualization technology to respectively fill the ear-screen branch and the whole elimination of the ear-screen processing on the pinna structure of the Malay pseudo-sucking blood bat, so as to obtain the three-dimensional digital structure of the original pinna, the three-dimensional digital structure of the auricle after the ear shield is divided and the three-dimensional digital structure of the auricle for removing the ear shield are filled. On the basis of the three-dimensional digital structure of the pinna, a Gaussian pulse point source is placed in the ear canal with the three-dimensional digital structure of the pinna, the most exciting source of a Gaussian pulse point source is placed in the ear canal, and the numerical simulation calculation is carried out by using a professional computer, and the calculation area is artificially divided into the near field and the far field. In the near field, a time-domain finite difference method is adopted to obtain the sound pressure amplitude value of the near field sound field, and based on the calculation result of the near field sound field, the sound pressure distribution of the far field sound field can be obtained by using the Kirchhoff integral. the numerical solution of the near-field sound field can be represented by three mutually perpendicular planes which can move freely, and in the near-field sound pressure distribution, the color is different, and the sound pressure amplitude value represented is different; and the far field sound field is represented by a far field sound pressure distribution diagram and a sound field radiation lobe diagram, in which the far field sound pressure distribution map can represent the specific far field amplitude value, the far field lobe diagram can be used to characterize the directivity of the sound field, and the shape of the sound field should be focused on. Through the analysis of the calculation results of the different three-dimensional digital structures of the auricle of the Malay pseudo-sucking bat, the conclusions are as follows: the ear shield of the Malay false-sucking bat and the branch structure in the ear shield can not only influence the size of the near-field sound pressure amplitude value, but also plays a role in the distribution of the sound pressure of the far field and the receiving of the directional lobe of the far field, and has a definite frequency selectivity. when the influence of the near-field sound pressure is influenced, the influence object of the ear shield is mainly the sound pressure amplitude value in the auricle: when the frequency of the Gaussian pulse point source is low-frequency and high-frequency, the sound pressure amplitude value of the auricle after the ear shield is removed is larger than the sound pressure amplitude value in the original auricle structure and the sound pressure distribution is more uniform; When the frequency of the Gaussian pulse point source is the intermediate frequency, the sound pressure amplitude value in the auricle after the ear shield is removed is smaller than the sound pressure amplitude value in the original auricle structure, and the sound pressure distribution in the original auricle structure is relatively more uniform. in that case of influence on the sound pressure distribution of the far field and the reception directivity of the far field, the acoustic pressure distribution and the distribution of the main lobe and the side lobe in the radiation lobe of the far field are affected by the ear shield, and the Gaussian pulse point source frequency is low frequency and high frequency, by splitting the main lobe to form two or more side lobes to complete the adjustment of the signal, the adjustment of the signal is achieved by combining the weaker side lobes into the energy-strong main lobe when the gaussian pulse point source frequency is an intermediate frequency.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q62
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