空间数据组合式联动可视化框架设计与实现

发布时间：2018-12-08 11:34

【摘要】：空间数据的可视化一直以来都是GIS领域突破和完善的一块,地图作为空间数据可视化的重要载体,负责提供了对空间数据进行上图以及基于图上的分析。随着互联网、移动互联网、物联网、云计算等技术的迅猛发展,构建在线的空间数据可视化应用越来越成为目前空间数据可视化的主要方式。为了快速地构建空间数据可视化应用,目前的方式大多数都是通过专业软件平台构建、可视化函数库开发工具搭建以及基于地图组件的二次定制开发。这些方式在一定程度上,加快了可视化应用的搭建效率,通过结合地图的展示一定程度上对空间数据进行了可视化。但这些构建方式,仍具有比较高的操作入门门槛,同时构建的可视化应用都是针对相关需求、相关行业的定制化开发,缺少复用性,很难再次移植使用。同时对于空间数据的展示也只是传统的位置上图,缺少动态表达更多的可视化信息,地图在整个可视化的应用中也只是一个地理的载体,缺少更深层次地将地图作为可视化核心进行关联其他信息的手段。针对当前空间数据可视化构建手段存在的这些不足,本文提出了一种空间数据组合式联动可视化框架。该框架旨在将整个可视化应用划分为一个个组件,然后以拖拽的方式将组件进行自由组合,同时能自定义个性化配置组件的样式、数据绑定和组件间关联,最后快速构建一个以地图为核心,关联各类信息的在线可视化应用。基于以上框架设计总思路,本文对框架的整体界面布局进行了设计,将框架由组件中心、画布中心、消息中心三部分组成。根据每个组件可视化的特点,对组件中心中组件的类型进行了详细地划分。接着具体设计了框架中组件是如何定义的,每个组件如何进行个性化样式配置,如何接入各类数据源进行数据绑定。同时针对组件与组件之间如何进行关联,本文建立了一套基于"消息订阅发布"的组件通讯关联机制。另外,地图类组件作为整个框架的核心,本文详细设计了几类支持个性化配置、具有动态可视化效果的代表性地图类组件,并阐述了地图类组件如何动态关联各类信息,从而实现一个以地图为核心,以拖拉式交互为手段,快速将各类信息进行整合与可视化的在线应用。最后基于本框架,针对武汉市停车场业务构建了一个"停车场在线可视化应用"。
[Abstract]:The visualization of spatial data has always been a breakthrough and perfection in the field of GIS. As an important carrier of spatial data visualization, map is responsible for providing the above image of spatial data and the analysis based on map. With the rapid development of Internet, Mobile Internet, Internet of things, cloud computing and other technologies, the construction of online spatial data visualization applications has become the main way of spatial data visualization. In order to quickly build spatial data visualization applications, most of the current methods are built through professional software platform, visual function library development tools and secondary customization development based on map components. To some extent, these methods accelerate the construction efficiency of visualization application, and visualize spatial data to a certain extent by combining with the display of maps. However, these building methods still have a high threshold of entry, and the visual applications are designed to meet the related needs, the customized development of related industries, lack of reuse, it is difficult to transplant again. At the same time, the display of spatial data is only the traditional location image, and the lack of dynamic expression of more visual information, map in the entire visual application is only a geographical carrier, There is a lack of a deeper approach to correlating other information with maps as the core of visualization. In this paper, a combined spatial data visualization framework is proposed to overcome these shortcomings of spatial data visualization. The framework is designed to divide the entire visual application into components, then combine them freely in a drag-and-drop manner, while customizing the styles, data bindings and associations between components. Finally, an online visualization application with map as the core and associated information is constructed quickly. Based on the general idea of frame design, this paper designs the overall interface layout of the framework, which is composed of three parts: component center, canvas center and message center. According to the visual characteristics of each component, the types of components in the component center are divided in detail. Then, how to define the components in the framework, how to configure the individual style of each component, and how to access all kinds of data sources for data binding are designed. At the same time, aiming at how to correlate components with components, this paper establishes a set of component communication association mechanism based on "message subscription publish". In addition, as the core of the whole framework, this paper designs several representative map components which support personalized configuration and has dynamic visualization effect, and expounds how the map class components dynamically correlate various kinds of information. In order to realize an online application with map as the core and drag-and-drop interaction as the means, all kinds of information can be quickly integrated and visualized. Finally, based on this framework, a "parking area online visualization application" is constructed for Wuhan parking lot business.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P208

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