南四湖湖滨带植物多样性格局及初级生产力

发布时间：2019-04-19 14:08

【摘要】：湖滨带是水陆生态交错带,湿地植物作为湖滨带的初级生产者,是生态系统重要的组成成分。由于湖滨带在空间分布上异质性显著,因此对于湖滨带植被多样性的研究要建立在湖滨带类型划分的基础上。湖滨带植被的叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿素含量是衡量生态系统初级生产能力和生态系统健康与否的重要指标,植物生物量是衡量生态系统稳定性与健康情况与否的重要评价标准。芦苇作为湖滨带植物群落中的建群种,起着决定群落内部的结构和特殊环境条件的作用,以南四湖湖滨带为基础,探究建群种芦苇的植物多样性格局及初级生产力具有重要意义。在实地调查和结合多时相遥感影像的基础上,运用Arcgis、ERDAS等软件对南四湖湖滨带进行了划分,于2015年7月对湖滨带植被的相关参数进行了调查记录,选取具有代表性的物种多样性评价指标香农-威纳指数、辛普森多样性指数和植物物种相对数对湖滨带植物多样性进行评估。对夏秋两季全湖岸线上的建群种芦苇的荧光参数及叶绿素含量、生物量进行了调查记录,并分析了湖滨带类型划分基础上的芦苇初级生产力时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)植物多样性在湖滨带类型为草地的样地中最高;为建筑类型的样地,其植物多样性最低;并且各组间都存在显著差异。(2)空间维度上:在夏季,建群种芦苇的荧光参数F0和Fv/Fm表明不同湖滨带的芦苇都在不同程度上受到了胁迫,其中以建筑和旱地的胁迫最为严重;就叶绿素含量而言,建筑和旱地高于池塘和草地。在秋季,荧光参数表明芦苇没有遭到胁迫,池塘芦苇叶绿素含量高于其它湖滨带类型。(3)时间维度上:荧光参数表明夏季芦苇受到胁迫,且夏季芦苇叶绿素含量高于秋季。(4)芦苇生物量从高到低的分布情况依次为旱地、建筑、池塘、草地,并且存在显著差异。将南四湖湖滨带分为建筑、旱地、池塘、草地四种类型。建筑与旱地由于缺水、离子污染、人为破坏等原因使得植物多样性低,芦苇受到胁迫;由于代偿作用,建筑与旱地的叶绿素含量高;从时间上来看,夏季高温、强光也是造成芦苇受到胁迫的原因,而秋季光照不足,导致夏季芦苇叶绿素含量高于秋季。芦苇是湿生植物,而草地竞争激烈,所以池塘生物量高于草地。
[Abstract]:The lacustrine zone is an interlaced zone between land and water, and wetland plants, as the primary producers of the lakeside zone, are important components of the ecosystem. Because the spatial distribution of the lakeshore zone is very heterogeneous, the study on the vegetation diversity of the lakeside zone should be based on the classification of the lakeside zone types. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content of lakeside vegetation are important indexes to measure the primary production capacity of ecosystem and ecosystem health, and plant biomass is an important evaluation criterion to evaluate the stability and health of ecosystem. Reed, as a group-building species in the lakeside plant community, plays an important role in determining the internal structure and special environmental conditions of the community, and is based on the Nansihu lakeside zone. It is of great significance to explore the pattern of plant diversity and primary productivity of Reed species. On the basis of on-the-spot investigation and multi-temporal remote sensing image, the Nansihu lakeside zone is divided by Arcgis,ERDAS and other software, and the relevant parameters of the lakeside zone vegetation are investigated and recorded in July 2015. Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson diversity index and relative number of plant species were selected to evaluate the plant diversity in the lakeside zone. The fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content and biomass of Reed species on the shoreline of the lake in summer and autumn were investigated and recorded, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of primary productivity of Reed on the basis of the type division of the lakeside zone were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the plant diversity was the highest in the lakeshore zone, and the lowest in the architecture type, and that in the lacustrine zone, the plant diversity was the highest in the lacustrine zone. (2) in the spatial dimension: in summer, the fluorescence parameters F0 and Fv/Fm of the constructed species of Reed indicated that the Reed in different lakeside zones were stressed to different degrees, and there was a significant difference in the spatial dimension between the two groups. (2) in summer, the fluorescence parameters F0 and F0 of the constructed Reed were stressed to different degrees. Among them, the stress of construction and drylands is the most serious; In terms of chlorophyll content, buildings and drylands are higher than ponds and grasslands. In autumn, the fluorescence parameters indicated that Reed was not stressed, and the chlorophyll content in pond Reed was higher than that in other lakeside zone types. (3) in the time dimension, the fluorescence parameters indicated that the Reed was stressed in summer. The chlorophyll content of Reed in summer was higher than that in autumn. (4) the distribution of Reed biomass from high to low was dryland, architecture, pond and grassland, and there were significant differences. Nansihu Lakeside Zone is divided into four types: architecture, drylands, ponds and grasslands. Because of lack of water, ion pollution and man-made destruction, the plant diversity of buildings and drylands is low and Reed is stressed, and the chlorophyll content of buildings and drylands is high because of compensation. From the time point of view, the high temperature and strong light in summer were also the reasons for the stress of Reed, but the lack of light in autumn led to higher chlorophyll content in summer Reed than in autumn. Reed is a wet plant, and grassland competition is fierce, so pond biomass is higher than grassland.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948

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