环境行政约谈机制的法治化研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 11:52

本文关键词：环境行政约谈机制的法治化研究　出处：《中共重庆市委党校》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国生态环境问题的日益严峻,行政机关一方面要落实环境治理与保护责任;另一方面要保持经济发展与社会就业。这就对环境行政执法提出了新的挑战和要求。对此,美国“合作式”执法模式,注重行政机关与相对人之间的“相互对话”与“彼此交流”;日本的“替代性事前行政指导”通过区分不同情节的违法行为,不仅减少了执法阻力,而且提高了行政效益。随着传统强制性行政执法向现代公共治理的模式转换,政府在社会治理中更加注重协商性、参与性与合作性。环境行政约谈机制,是在环境保护的范畴内,行政主体者对相对人约请谈话的一种制度。在性质上,其契合了行政指导、行政契约等理论,但是应该警惕其强制化倾向。环境行政约谈机制的理论基础包括:风险社会中危害具有难预测性、多样性和抽象性特点,行政主体需采取更为广泛、灵活的措施来预防风险、保障安全;软法理论主张在社会公平与秩序的基础上来保障公民自由,并试图将个体利益与公共利益置于同等重要的基础上;现代行政法平衡论要求行政权与公民权、公共利益与个人利益的平衡,主张给予相对人更大的权利保护。在我国,环境行政约谈机制是各地环保部门积极推行的新型环境监管方式。但是,其并非是作为独立的行政行为仅仅是附随性的非正式行为适用。现行行政立法现状主要存在于部门规定、地方政府规定中,并且每个地方、内容均层次不齐。各个地方对于约谈主体、对象、方式,范围、程序、效力的规定也各不相同。我国环境行政约谈机制存在理论基础薄弱、理念定位模糊、法律依据不足以及与其他机制衔接不畅等不足等问题。故而,其法治化也应该针对性的促进环境保护与行政约谈理论的有机结合、明确环境行政约谈的理念、逐步完善环境行政约谈的法律依据、加强环境行政约谈与救济机制的衔接等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the ecological environment problem in our country is becoming more and more serious. On the one hand, the administrative organs should implement the responsibility of environmental governance and protection. On the other hand, to maintain economic development and social employment, this will put forward new challenges and requirements for environmental administrative law enforcement. For this, the United States "cooperative" law enforcement model. Pay attention to the "mutual dialogue" and "mutual exchange" between the administrative organ and the relative person; Japan's "alternative prior administrative guidance" not only reduces the resistance to law enforcement by distinguishing the different circumstances of illegal acts. With the transformation of traditional compulsory administrative law enforcement to modern public governance, the government pays more attention to consultation, participation and cooperation, and environmental administrative interview mechanism in social governance. In the context of environmental protection, the administrative subject is a kind of system of inviting and talking to the relative party. In nature, it accords with the theory of administrative guidance, administrative contract and so on. However, we should be on guard against the tendency of compulsion. The theoretical basis of the environmental administrative interview mechanism includes: the harm in the risk society is unpredictable, diverse and abstract, and the administrative subject needs to adopt more extensive. Flexible measures to prevent risks and ensure safety; The theory of soft law advocates the protection of civil liberties on the basis of social justice and order, and tries to put individual interests and public interests on the basis of equal importance. The balance theory of modern administrative law requires the balance between administrative power and civil right, public interest and personal interest. The mechanism of environmental administrative interview is a new type of environmental supervision which is actively carried out by local environmental protection departments. It is not as an independent administrative act is only attached to the informal behavior applicable. The current status of administrative legislation mainly exists in the provisions of the department, local government regulations, and every place. The contents of all levels are uneven. Various places for the subject, object, way, scope, procedure, effectiveness of the provisions are different. Our country's environmental administrative interview mechanism is weak theoretical basis, the concept positioning is vague. Therefore, its legalization should also promote the organic combination of environmental protection and administrative interview theory, and clarify the concept of environmental administrative interview. Gradually perfect the legal basis of environmental administrative interview and strengthen the connection between environmental administrative interview and relief mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：中共重庆市委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

【共引文献】