济南大气中多环芳烃的分布及污染特征研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 22:25

本文关键词： 大气多环芳烃来源解析健康风险评价济南　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：多环芳烃具有三致作用,在各类环境介质中作为有机污染物持久性存在,一贯以来受到研究者跟政府的普遍关注。为了探究中国北方工业城市多环芳烃的浓度特征、来源规律以及健康风险评价等问题,本论文对济南市气相和pM2.5上的多环芳烃展开观测以及分析研究,为其他城市站点的研究提供参考,为污染治理提供理论依据。2015年10月-2016年7月在济南市历城区山东大学环境科学与工程学院楼顶利用MH1200-F采样器进行了多环芳烃样品采集,处理分析得到观测数据,研究了多环芳烃的浓度水平、分布特征、排放来源以及可能的输送区域来源,并对多环芳烃的健康风险进行了计算评价。结果表明济南市15种多环芳烃气相中浓度最高的是PHE,采样期间的浓度范围是5.03-145.76 ng/m3,平均浓度为49.91 ng/m3,其次是ACE,平均浓度为23.33 ng/m3,采样期间的最低浓度是6.29 ng/m3,最高浓度是92.60ng/m3,而从BaA到IcdP浓度都很低。气相多环芳烃的浓度均值为107.88 ng/m3。PM2.5中浓度最高的多环芳烃是FLA和BbF,平均浓度分别为 4.19 ng/m3 以及 3.92 ng/m3,浓度范围分别是 0.00-30.53 ng/m3 以及 0.00-17.16 ng/m3。PM2.5上多环芳烃的浓度均值为26.74 ng/m3,大约是是气相浓度水平的1/4。而在两相浓度和中具有最高浓度水平的依旧是PHE,其浓度范围是6.58-146.60ng/m3,平均浓度为51.66ng/m3。2-3环多环芳烃主要分布在气相中,四环多环芳烃在PM2.5上的浓度约是其气相浓度的3倍,5-6环多环芳烃在气相极少分布,绝大部分附着在PM2.5上。气相中最多的是三环多环芳烃,其次是二环多环芳烃。四环多环芳烃在气相占3.6%,而五、六环PAHs仅占0.1%。PM2.5中最多的是四环多环芳烃,其次是五、六环多环芳烃。三环多环芳烃在PM2.5中占 22.4%,而二环 PAHs 仅占 6.0%。通过正交矩阵因数分解法以及潜在源分析法对多环芳烃的排放源及输送来源进行了解析。使用正交矩阵因数分解法对两相多环芳烃进行了来源的解析,模型运行结果表明两相多环芳烃的来源均可以用四个因子来解释,其中气相多环芳烃的四个因子分别能够解释10%、12%、41%以及37%的变量,可认为是石油源、柴油汽车排放、炼焦排放以及煤炭燃烧源。对PM2.5上的多环芳烃而言,因子1能够解释6%的变量,可认为是石油源。因子2能够解释32%的变量,与交通排放源组分结构类似,可认为因子2代表交通污染源。因子3能够解释15%的变量,可认为因子3代表的是多环芳烃的炼焦排放源。因子4能够解释47%的变量,可认为是煤炭燃烧源。使用潜在源分析法对济南市多环芳烃来源区域进行了分析,采样期间主要受四种来向污染源的影响:L(27.9%),NE(18.1%),NW(23.0%)以及 S(31.0%)。济南多环芳烃主要受济南周围城市工业的影响,也会受到山东周围省份发达的工业过程影响。对绝大多数多环芳烃而言,苯并(a)芘毒性当量浓度值大小顺序是:秋冬季春夏季。济南市多环芳烃造成的成人超额致癌风险水平在最大可接受范围内,而其对儿童造成的超额致癌风险水平与日常活动风险接近。
[Abstract]:PAHs with three induced effects, in various environmental media as persistent organic pollutants, has always been concerned by researchers with the government. In order to explore the northern industrial city China concentration characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the source of the problem of health risk assessment, this thesis carried out observation and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Ji'nan city gas and the pM2.5, and provide reference for the study of other city sites, provide a theoretical basis for the.2015 year in October -2016 year in July the PAHs samples were collected at MH1200-F Institute of environmental science and engineering Shandong University sampler in Licheng District of Ji'nan city as the roof of pollution control, processing analysis of observational data, study the concentration distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. And the emission sources and possible sources of regional transportation, and health risks of PAHs were calculated node evaluation. The results show that the 15 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Ji'nan city is the highest concentration of PHE, concentration range during the sampling period is 5.03-145.76 ng/m3, the average concentration of 49.91 ng/m3, followed by ACE, the average concentration is 23.33 ng/m3, the lowest concentration during the sampling period is 6.29 ng/m3, the highest concentration is 92.60ng/m3, and from BaA to IcdP concentration is very low the mean concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas phase. The concentrations of 107.88 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ng/m3.PM2.5 was highest in FLA and BbF, the average concentrations were 4.19 ng/m3 and 3.92 ng/m3, respectively 0.00-30.53 and ng/m3 concentration in the range of the mean concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on 0.00-17.16 ng/ m3.PM2.5 26.74 ng/m3, is about gas concentration levels of 1/4. with the highest the level of concentration in the two-phase and the concentration is still PHE, the concentration range is 6.58-146.60ng/m3, the average concentration of 51.66ng/m3.2-3 ring PAHs are mainly distributed in the gas phase, four The concentration of PAHs in the PM2.5 ring is about 3 times the gas phase concentration, 5-6 ring PAHs in the gas phase distribution of rare, most attached to the PM2.5. The gas phase is the largest ring PAHs, followed by ring PAHs. Fourth ring PAHs accounted for 3.6% and five in the gas phase, and six ring PAHs only 0.1%.PM2.5 is the largest in the city of Victoria PAHs, followed by the five, six ring PAHs. Three ring PAHs in PM2.5 accounted for 22.4%, while the second ring PAHs accounted for only analysis emission sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by 6.0%. method through orthogonal matrix factorization method and the potential source and transmission source analysis using orthogonal factor matrix. Decomposition analysis on two sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the model operation results show that the two-phase source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be used to explain the four factors, including four factors of gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were able to explain 10%, 12%, 41% And the 37% variables can be considered as a source of oil, diesel vehicle emissions, emissions of coking and coal combustion. The source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on PM2.5, the 1 factors can explain 6% variables, that is oil source. 2 factors could explain 32% of the variables, and traffic emission components of similar structure, that factor 2 representative traffic pollution sources. 3 factors could explain 15% of the variables can be considered factor 3 is representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coking emissions. Factor 4 can explain 47% of the variables can be considered to be the source of coal combustion. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Ji'nan source region were analyzed using the potential source, the sampling period is mainly affected by the effect of pollution source four: L (27.9%), NE (18.1%), NW (23%) and S (31%). Ji'nan PAHs is mainly affected by the surrounding Ji'nan city of industry, Shandong province will be developed around the industrial process. The majority of PAHs, benzo (a) pyrene TEQ sequence: winter spring summer. Ji'nan City PAHs caused by the excess risk of cancer in the adult level of maximum acceptable range, and the child caused by excess cancer risk level of risk and the daily activities of the past.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X51

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