化学沉淀法去除循环水中有机磷的研究

发布时间：2018-02-08 08:17

本文关键词： 化学沉淀法有机磷除磷紫外分光光度法　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为防止冷却循环水系统中管道结垢和腐蚀,常添加定量的阻垢缓蚀剂,其中最为常用的为有机磷系缓蚀阻垢剂。但是又带来了新环境问题,使出水中的磷含量增加,超出国家一级排放标准。因此,应采取措施将循环水中有机磷去除。而有机磷酸盐现今采用的方法是将其先氧化降解为无机磷酸盐,再加入相应化学药剂即可除磷。其中氧化降解方法有光催化氧化降解、臭氧氧化降解等,这些方法成本较高,适用范围较窄,且步骤繁琐,设备复杂。为弥补现今有机磷去除方法的不足,本试验选用化学沉淀法,即直接加入定量的钙盐、铁盐或铝盐将循环水中有机磷直接去除。通过对比分析不同药剂除磷效果确定最佳药剂,并深入探究了磷去除的影响因素和强化措施,并分析除磷机理。主要试验结论如下:1.研究了单一投加 FeSO_4、FeCl_3、Al_2(SO_4)_3、聚合 AlCl_3、Ca(OH)_2 五种除磷药剂对含有有机磷HEDP废水除磷效果,结果表明,Ca(OH)_2除磷效果最差,且出水中磷浓度为3.826mg/L,远高于一级排放标准0.5mg/L,最先淘汰。前四种除磷药剂处理效果理想,出水浓度分别为0.489、0.462、0.423、0.460 mg/L,均达到排放要求。2.改进试验方法,采用钙盐与铁盐或铝盐联合投加的方法除磷,出水浓度均达标,且数值相差较小,考虑到试验的经济性,选择价格低廉的硫酸亚铁作为最佳除磷药剂。通过探究药剂的用量、反应时间等因素,从而获得最佳反应条件:当氢氧化钙投加量为0.052g,硫酸亚铁浓度为2g/L,反应时间为30min时,有机磷HEDP去除效率可达到95.9%。3.在最佳反应条件下处理含有ATMP、HEDP、PBTCA三种不同比例有机磷废水,有机磷去除效率均大于94%,且出水浓度均低于0.5mg/L,可达标排放,处理效果显著,充分表明最佳反应条件对于处理含有多种有机磷的废水同样适用。4.通过红外图谱分析沉淀物结构,探究除磷机理,对比分析所得结论为有机磷随铁的氢氧化物沉淀而从水中去除。5.研究了在最佳反应条件下对实际废水除磷的强化措施。通过探究投加双氧水和曝气两种强化方式,从而确定最佳反应条件:双氧水浓度为36mg/L,曝气时间为8min。两种强化除磷方法均可降低出水磷浓度,且均小于0.5mg/L,达到一级排放标准。6.探究了水体中常见共存离子对有机磷去除效果的影响,试验结论:Mg~(2+)、NH~(4+)和SO_4~(2-)对有机磷去除具有抑制作用;Cu~(2+)对有机磷去除具有促进作用;Zn~(2+)、Cl~-对有机磷的去除效果不产生影响。综上所述,本试验选用氢氧化钙和硫酸亚铁结合投加使用的方法来处理有机磷废水,无需前期氧化,对于自配废水和实际废水处理效果均较为显著。该方法步骤简化,药品低廉,降低成本,不产生二次污染,为有机磷的去除提供了新方法,在工业循环水处理有机磷方面具有现实意义和应用价值。
[Abstract]:In order to prevent fouling and corrosion of pipes in cooling circulating water system, quantitative scale and corrosion inhibitors are often added, among which organic phosphorus is the most commonly used corrosion inhibitor. However, it brings new environmental problems and increases phosphorus content in effluent. Exceeding national discharge standards... therefore, measures should be taken to remove organophosphorus from circulating water. Organic phosphates are now being oxidized to inorganic phosphates, The methods of oxidative degradation include photocatalytic degradation, ozonation degradation and so on. The cost of these methods is high, the scope of application is narrow, and the steps are tedious. The equipment is complex. In order to make up for the deficiency of the present organic phosphorus removal method, the chemical precipitation method is used in this experiment, that is, direct addition of quantitative calcium salt, Iron salt or aluminum salt directly removed organic phosphorus from circulating water. The optimum phosphorus removal effect was determined by comparing and analyzing the effect of different chemicals, and the influencing factors and strengthening measures of phosphorus removal were discussed in depth. The main experimental conclusions are as follows: 1.The effect of phosphorus removal by adding FeSO4 / FeCl3S / Al2SO4 / S / S / S / S / S / Al _ 2S / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2S _ 4 / S _ 2, and the effect of polymerized AlCl _ 3 / CaOHH _ 2 on phosphorus removal of HEDP wastewater was studied. The results showed that CaOHH _ 2 had the worst effect on phosphorus removal from wastewater containing organophosphorus. And the phosphorus concentration in the effluent is 3.826 mg / L, which is much higher than the first class discharge standard of 0.5 mg / L, and is eliminated first. The first four phosphorus removal chemicals have the ideal treatment effect, the effluent concentration is 0.489 ~ 0.462n 0.423 ~ 0.423 ~ 0.460 mg / L, all meet the discharge requirement .2. improve the test method, Using calcium salt combined with iron salt or aluminum salt to remove phosphorus, the effluent concentration is up to standard, and the value difference is relatively small. Considering the economy of the test, the low price ferrous sulphate is selected as the best phosphorus removal agent. When the dosage of calcium hydroxide is 0.052 g, the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 2 g / L, the reaction time is 30 min. The removal efficiency of organophosphorus HEDP can reach 95.9mg / L. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the removal efficiency of organic phosphorus from three different proportions of organophosphorus wastewater is more than 94, and the effluent concentration is lower than 0.5 mg / L, which can reach the standard of discharge, and the treatment effect is remarkable. It is fully indicated that the optimum reaction conditions are also suitable for the treatment of wastewater containing multiple organophosphorus. The structure of precipitate is analyzed by infrared spectra, and the mechanism of phosphorus removal is explored. The conclusion is that organophosphorus is removed from water with the hydroxide precipitation of iron. The strengthening measures of phosphorus removal from waste water under the optimum reaction conditions are studied. Two strengthening ways of adding hydrogen peroxide and aeration are explored. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows: hydrogen peroxide concentration was 36 mg / L, aeration time was 8 min. All of them are less than 0.5 mg / L, reaching the first class discharge standard. 6. The effect of common co-existing ions on the removal efficiency of organophosphorus was investigated. It is concluded that: (1) (2) (2) (2)) and so _ (4) (2)) have inhibitory effect on the removal of organic phosphorus; (2) it can promote the removal of organophosphorus; (2) there is no effect on the removal of organophosphorus. In conclusion, there is no effect on the removal of organophosphorus, so _ (4) and so _ (4) have no effect on organic phosphorus removal. In this experiment, calcium hydroxide and ferrous sulfate were used to treat organophosphorus wastewater without prior oxidation. It can reduce the cost and avoid secondary pollution, which provides a new method for the removal of organic phosphorus, and has practical significance and application value in the treatment of organic phosphorus in industrial circulating water.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

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