超疏水高弹性的三聚氰胺基泡沫的制备及其吸油性能

发布时间：2018-05-24 05:57

本文选题：超疏水 + 高弹性　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：石油泄漏和有机溶剂污染造成了严重的环境问题。物理吸附被认为是最重要的去除油污的方法。理想的吸油材料应具有吸油容量高、循环性能优越、选择性高以及制备成本低等四个特点。现有的油吸附剂大多不具有超疏水性能,在使用过程中不可避免地吸水,降低了它们的油/水选择性。已有的超疏水吸油材料很多不具备弹性,导致循环成本高或不能循环使用。而已报导的超疏水和高弹性的油吸附剂存在制备过程繁琐,可控性差或吸油量低等缺点。基于此,本论文开展了以下两方面的工作:首先通过一个三步法制备了超疏水、超亲油三聚氰胺/石墨烯/炭黑泡沫(M/G/CS)。经过一步浸渍-涂覆将氧化石墨烯片粘附在三聚氰胺海绵骨架上,然后经过一步低温热还原将氧化石墨烯还原,随后再经过一步浸渍-涂覆在石墨烯表面粘附一层炭黑(N330)纳米粒子。石墨烯片间的π-π堆积作用使它可以牢固地缠绕在海绵骨架上,而石墨烯与炭黑之间的π-π作用使炭黑粒子得以稳定地粘附在石墨烯表面。这是首次采用炭黑增加石墨烯材料的纳米级粗糙度。一系列结构表征证明了氧化石墨烯已在很大程度上被还原,而炭黑粒子则粘附在石墨烯表面。泡沫发挥了三者的协同作用,表面的水接触角为167°。油接触角为0°,表现出超疏水超亲油性能。泡沫有效地保留了弹性,循环1000次后,仍能恢复原形,有效地解决了超疏水和高弹性两个关键问题。这也是首次被报道的兼具超疏水性能和高弹性的石墨烯基多孔材料。泡沫可用简单方便的吸附-挤压的方式进行循环使用。它对常见的油和有机溶剂的吸附量为50-140 g/g。同时还具有高油污吸附选择性、高循环使用性能、制备方法简单、可放大生产等特点,在溢油清理和吸附有机污染物等领域有很大的应用前景。采用更简单的一步浸渍-涂覆方式制备了超疏水三聚氰胺/聚偏氟乙烯泡沫(M/PS)。通过简单的聚合物溶解、沉淀、涂覆的方式将聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜包覆在海绵表面,在海绵表面构筑了无数的微纳米级粗糙度。相比于繁琐的化学改性的方式,这种物理涂覆的方式具有简单、经济、环境友好的特点。泡沫的水接触角为155°,油接触角为0°,具有超疏水、超亲油性能。同时,泡沫有效地保留海绵本身的高弹性,循环1000次后无塑性变形。它对常见的油和有机溶剂的吸附量为60-160 g/g。同样的,泡沫具有高油/水选择性,高循环性能,在溢油清理和吸附有机污染物等领域具有潜在的应用价值。
[Abstract]:Oil spills and organic solvent pollution have caused serious environmental problems. Physical adsorption is considered to be the most important method of oil removal. The ideal oil-absorbing material should have four characteristics, such as high oil absorption capacity, excellent circulation performance, high selectivity and low preparation cost. Most of the existing oil adsorbents do not have super hydrophobicity, which inevitably absorbs water in the process of use, thus reducing their oil / water selectivity. Many of the existing superhydrophobic oil absorbent materials are inelastic, resulting in high cycle cost or no recycling. It is reported that the superhydrophobic and high elastic oil adsorbents have some disadvantages such as tedious preparation, poor controllability or low oil absorption. Based on this, the following two aspects of work have been carried out in this paper: firstly, superhydrophobic, super-oil melamine / graphene / carbon black foams were prepared by a three-step method. After one step impregnation and coating, the graphene oxide was adhered to the framework of the melamine sponge, and then the graphene oxide was reduced by one step of thermal reduction at low temperature. Then one step impregnation-coating on the surface of graphene adhesion a layer of carbon black N 330) nanoparticles. The 蟺-蟺 stacking effect between graphene sheets allows it to wrap firmly around the sponge skeleton, while the 蟺-蟺 interaction between graphene and carbon black makes the carbon black particles adhere to the surface of graphene stably. This is the first time that carbon black is used to increase the nanometer roughness of graphene materials. A series of structural characterization show that graphene oxide has been reduced to a large extent, while carbon black particles adhere to the surface of graphene. The surface water contact angle is 167 掳. The oil contact angle is 0 掳, which shows super hydrophobic and oil-lipophilic properties. The foam retains the elasticity effectively, and after 1000 cycles, the foam can be restored to its original shape, which effectively solves the two key problems of superhydrophobic and high elasticity. This is the first reported graphene-based porous material with both super hydrophobic properties and high elasticity. Foam can be recycled by simple and convenient adsorption-extrusion. Its adsorption capacity for common oils and organic solvents is 50-140 g / g. At the same time, it has many advantages such as high oil pollution adsorption selectivity, high recycling performance, simple preparation method and scalable production. It has great application prospect in the fields of oil spill cleaning and adsorption of organic pollutants. The superhydrophobic melamine / polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foam was prepared by a simple one step impregnation-coating method. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film was coated on the sponge surface by simple polymer dissolution, precipitation and coating, and numerous micro-nanometer roughness was constructed on the sponge surface. Compared with the complicated chemical modification, this physical coating method is simple, economical and environmentally friendly. The water contact angle and oil contact angle of foam are 155 掳and 0 掳respectively. At the same time, foam effectively retains the high elasticity of the sponge itself, and has no plastic deformation after 1000 cycles. Its adsorption capacity for common oils and organic solvents is 60-160 g / g. Similarly, foams have high oil / water selectivity, high cycling performance and potential applications in oil spill cleaning and adsorption of organic pollutants.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ424

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