闵行城区工业“三废”污染问题研究（1949-1966）

发布时间：2018-05-24 06:37

本文选题：闵行城区 + 三废污染　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1956年,随着中央政府对沿海工业发展的重视,上海市委、市政府提出了"充分利用,合理发展"的工业建设方针,改变了此前上海"控制发展,就地维持"的做法,为新上海工业建设带来了转机。然而,此时期上海市内土地面积仅为636.18平方公里,人口却达563.48万,这也意味着工业用地紧张,人口密度非常大,难以适应工业发展的需要。为了解决这一问题,经过上海市与江苏省、中央相关部委的反复协商,1958年国务院同意将江苏省所辖上海市周边十县划归上海市管辖,闵行、吴泾地区所在的上海县由此成为上海市的一部分。结合上海市第二次工业改组、"大跃进"以及旧城改造,大量重化工业新建或迁建于闵行、吴泾工业区所组成的闵行城区。工厂的兴建改变了地区的面貌,不足数年村、镇迅速变为了城区,但随之而来的是诸多问题的出现,工业"三废"污染便是其中之一。面对工业污染,社员、工厂、政府有着不同的反应,他们从各自利益着眼进行解决,致使真正的环境污染治理却被淡化。在城区,农民对"三废"污染问题最先作出反应。他们将粮食减产、社员生病、鱼虾死亡等一系列具体现象与附近的工厂生产相联系,但由于知识有限,并没有认识到这些现象即为污染。因此,社员们往往将解决措施具体化,要求工厂赔款、打井、拆迁,在争取具体利益的过程中,采取了"闹事"、夸大受损程度、写人民来信等方式,且通过公社与工厂进行协商。工厂一方面处理着与社员就"三废"问题产生的分歧,另一方面又要保证各项生产计划的完成。20世纪50年代末,中央政府要求工厂将废气废水处理作为生产工艺的一部分。各企业在具体实行中,或限于经费,或限于技术,使得治污并没有收到很好的效果。社员和工厂在解决受损问题时,有时意见并不一致。为此,县委、区委、市属机关等各级政府部门进行实地调查,多方调解,基本以倾向社员利益的方式作结。然而,"三废"污染问题并非闵行城区独有,在全国众多新兴的重化工业区均不同程度出现。为此,中央政府采取了对"三废"进行综合利用和回收的措施,争取"变废为宝";地方各级政府在执行此一政策的过程中,又采取了不同的应对方式。农民、工厂、政府之间错综复杂的关系,使得治污过程充满了复杂性,这也造成真正需要解决的污染问题在各方"眼中"不够重视。
[Abstract]:In 1956, with the importance attached by the central government to the development of coastal industries, the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government put forward the policy of "making full use of and reasonably developing" industrial construction, which changed the previous practice of "controlling development and maintaining local development" in Shanghai. For the new Shanghai industrial construction brought a turning point. However, the land area of Shanghai is only 636.18 square kilometers in this period, but the population is 5.6348 million. This also means that the industrial land is very tight, the population density is very large, and it is difficult to meet the needs of industrial development. In order to solve this problem, after repeated consultations between Shanghai and Jiangsu Province and relevant central ministries and commissions, in 1958 the State Council agreed to put the 10 counties around Shanghai under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province under the jurisdiction of Shanghai Municipality. Minhang, The city of Shanghai, where the wujing region is located, has thus become a part of Shanghai. Combined with the second industrial reorganization of Shanghai, the "Great Leap forward" and the transformation of the old city, a large number of heavy chemical industries have been built or moved to Minhang City, which is composed of Wujing Industrial Zone and Minhang City. The construction of the factory has changed the appearance of the area, less than a few years of villages, the town quickly into the urban area, but with the emergence of many problems, industrial "three wastes" pollution is one of them. In the face of industrial pollution, members, factories and governments have different reactions, they have their own interests to solve, resulting in real environmental pollution control has been desalinated. In urban areas, farmers are the first to respond to the pollution problem of the three wastes. They linked a series of specific phenomena, such as reduced grain production, sick members, and death of fish and shrimp, to the production of nearby factories, but because of limited knowledge, they did not realize that these phenomena were pollution. As a result, members often make specific measures to solve the problem by demanding compensation from factories, drilling wells and removing them. In the process of striving for specific interests, they have adopted such methods as "making trouble", exaggerating the degree of damage, and writing letters to the people. And through the commune to negotiate with the factory. On the one hand, the factory is dealing with the disagreement with its members on the issue of "three wastes"; on the other hand, it is necessary to ensure the completion of various production plans. In the late 1950s, the central government required the factory to treat waste gas wastewater as part of the production process. Enterprises in the specific implementation, or limited to funds, or limited to technology, so that pollution control has not received very good results. Members and factories sometimes disagree when dealing with damaged problems. To this end, the county party committee, district party committee, municipal organs and other government departments at all levels of field investigation, multi-mediation, basically in favor of the interests of members of the conclusion. However, the pollution problem of "three wastes" is not unique to Minhang city, and it appears in many new heavy chemical industrial districts in China. Therefore, the central government has taken the measures of comprehensive utilization and recovery of the "three wastes" to strive for "turning waste into treasure", and local governments at all levels have adopted different ways to deal with this policy in the process of carrying out this policy. The complex relationship among farmers, factories and governments makes the process of pollution control full of complexity, which also causes the real problem of pollution to be solved in the eyes of all parties.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X70

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