开放量子系统非马尔科夫动力学与延迟选择实验

发布时间：2018-04-13 16:52

本文选题：开放量子系统 + 非马尔科夫动力学　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：量子力学从原子尺度上描绘了我们存在的自然界。它的理论包含了很多与人们日常经验相违背的概念与语言,比如量子纠缠,量子导引,互补性原理。薛定谔方程描绘的是孤立量子系统的演化。然而现实中大多数的量子系统都不是完全孤立的,它们都会与外界环境相互作用,这些非孤立的系统被称作开放系统。开放系统与环境的相互作用会引入退相干和耗散效应,这对于系统的量子特性(比如纠缠)是不利的。在量子信息和量子计算理论中,量子相干性和量子纠缠都是信息处理的基本资源。然而,量子系统与环境的相互作用最终会导致存储在量子态中的信息的完全流失。这种现象被称为退相干,它是成功地实现量子信息处理过程中的一个难对付的绊脚石。如何防止退相干过程带来的负面效应成为了当今量子力学中的最重要的问题之一。它不仅仅影响到量子信息和量子计算领域,很多其他的物理领域也难逃魔掌。解决这一问题的关键是在能够完成量子态存储和量子态操控所必须的时间内保护系统的相干性不被它周围的环境所影响。这也正是开放量子系统非马尔科夫动力学所要研究的问题。光的波粒二象性问题要追溯到爱因斯坦用光的量子特征解释光电效应以及德布罗意波的物质波理论。不确定原理是量子力学理论的核心。惠勒延迟选择实验的提出回答了爱因斯坦与波尔关于实在论与互补性的争论,自此它推动了量力学理论与相关实验技术的进展。本文阐述了开放量子系统非马尔科夫动力学以及延迟选择理想实验的理论背景与实验进展,并简要地概括了作者在这两个领域所做的以下两篇工作：1.离散Q比特非马尔科夫动力学实验。虽然系统与环境相互作用会导致退相干,但是往往利用量子调控可以让流失到环境中的信息回流到系统中。本文提出了一个离散Q比特开放系统的模型,通过局域操控可以改变系统与环境之间的相互作用。我们在线性光学体系内实验验证了这一模型并证明了如何通过仅仅局域地调控开放系统实现一个马尔科夫过程向非马尔科夫过程转变。2.波动性与粒子性经典叠加的延迟选择实验方案。类似于Ionicioiu提出的量子延迟选择方案,本文提出了一个在一次干涉实验中,波动性与粒子性处于经典叠加态的延迟选择方案。通过调节相应的参数可以观察到波动行为向粒子行为转变的实验现象。这一方案同时说明了一个问题,随着探测仪器的分辨率越来越高，，一次测量过程中人们可以选择在粒子时间分布的波包内某一时刻进行探测,选择不同的时刻会影响最终测量的结果。
[Abstract]:Quantum mechanics describes our existence in nature on the atomic scale. The concept and theory of language which contains a lot of people and contrary to the daily experience, such as quantum entanglement, quantum guidance, the principle of complementarity. The Schrodinger equation describes the evolution of isolated quantum systems. However, most of the quantum systems in reality are not completely isolated and they will interact with the external environment, these non isolated systems are open systems. The interaction of open system and environment will be introduced to the decoherence and dissipation effect, the quantum properties of the system (such as entanglement) is unfavorable. In quantum computation and quantum information theory, quantum coherence and quantum entanglement is a basic resource for information processing. However, the interaction of quantum systems and the environment will eventually lead to complete loss of information stored in the quantum state. This phenomenon is called Decoherence, it is difficult to achieve a successful obstacle in quantum information processing. How to prevent decoherence process brings negative effect has become one of the most important problems in quantum mechanics. It not only affects the field of quantum information and quantum computation, many other physical fields could not escape the clutches of the key. To solve this problem is to complete the protection system in the coherence of quantum state storage and manipulation of quantum states must time not be affected by its environment. This is also the non Markovian dynamics of open quantum system to study the problem. Two problems like quantum particle characteristics can be traced back to Einstein with light the interpretation of the light photoelectric effect and De Broglie wave material wave theory. The uncertainty principle is the core of the theory of quantum mechanics. Wheeler's delayed choice experiment put forward to answer love Instan and Bohr on realism and complementary debate, since it promoted the progress of quantum mechanics theory and related experimental techniques. This paper expounds the non Markovian dynamics and delayed selection progress of theoretical background and the ideal experiment of open quantum systems, and a brief overview of the author in these two areas the following two articles work: 1. bit Q discrete non Markovian dynamics experiment. Although the interaction between system and environment leads to decoherence, but often can make use of quantum control is lost to the environment information back to the system. This paper presents a discrete Q bit open system model, the local control can change the interaction between system and environment the linear optical system. In our experiment verified this model and show how the local control system by simply open a horse Erkefu process to non Markov process change.2. volatility and the classical particle superposition of the delayed choice experiment scheme. Similar to Ionicioiu's proposal of quantum delay selection scheme, this paper proposes a in an interference experiment, volatility and particle in a superposition of classic delay selection scheme. By adjusting the corresponding parameters of the experimental phenomena can be observed to change the particle fluctuation behavior behavior. This scheme also illustrates a problem, with the detection resolution of the instrument is more and more high, people can choose a measurement process to detect a moment in time distribution of particle wave packet, the choice of different time will affect the final measurement results.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：O413.1

【相似文献】