基于脉冲微分方程的害虫治理策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 02:15

本文选题：数学模型 + 脉冲微分系统　；参考：《大连理工大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：众所周知,在农业生产中,生物种群的管理通常是根据人类发展以及生态平衡等方面的因素来控制某一或某些种群的数量。对于一个生态系统中的害虫,人们越来越意识到只有害虫种群数量达到经济阈值时进行控制才是合理的做法。如何使重要的植物、动物被害虫带来的损失最小一直是人们所关心的问题。本文以脉冲微分动力系统为基础,考虑到杀虫剂所造成的虫害频繁突发、环境污染及资源浪费等问题,分别从单种群害虫阶段结构模型、多种群害虫.天敌模型及杀虫剂剂量反应和害虫耐药性发展的害虫-天敌模型的不同角度出发,逐步给出了研究害虫控制的相应策略。第二章考虑了一个状态依赖脉冲的单种群阶段结构害虫治理模型,通过对成虫和幼虫总量的监控,当害虫达到经济阈值时,采取化学控制。对半连续半动力系统,利用后继函数方法,得到了系统阶一周期解的存在性及吸引性的充分条件。通过数值模拟对有关结果进行了验证。第三章基于害虫综合控制策略(简称IPM),建立了一个害虫综合治理模型。分别讨论了固定时刻不同频率实施化学和生物控制的害虫控制策略以及固定时刻结合状态依赖的混合控制的害虫控制策略对系统演化的影响。对于固定时刻不同频率的喷洒杀虫剂及释放天敌的控制策略,通过两种不同策略给出了害虫灭绝周期解全局渐近稳定及害虫天敌持续生存的充分条件。从数值上分析了临界条件中喷洒杀虫剂次数和周期,投放天敌的数量,以及害虫和天敌的残存率等对害虫的爆发和灭绝的影响,给出了害虫控制的合理喷洒杀虫剂次数及控制周期。对于混合控制的害虫综合控制策略,从数值上分析了天敌对害虫爆发的影响。通过给出混合控制系统的平均爆发周期与系统中参数的关系,得到了主要影响害虫爆发周期的关健参数。第四章考虑到杀虫剂在进入害虫体内产生的滞后、残留期以及常时间使用同一种杀虫剂可能产生对害虫的耐药性等因素,通过杀虫剂剂量反应函数,建立了相应的害虫综合治理模型。分别讨论了天敌不存在及存在时,以害虫灭绝为控制目的的化学控制策略。当天敌存在时,对如下两种不同控制策略：(1)杀虫剂喷洒次数大于天敌投放次数；(2)天敌投放次数大于杀虫剂喷洒次数,给出了相应的害虫灭绝周期解存在性及周期解局部渐近稳定性的充分条件。利用数值模拟,研究了影响害虫爆发或灭绝的主要因素。讨论了在不同喷洒杀虫剂次数或投放天敌次数条件下,喷洒和投放周期、喷洒剂量及环境对毒素的吸收对害虫灭绝临界条件的影响。对害虫的耐药性发展,在只进行化学控制的害虫治理模型中引入了耐药性发展方程,得到了害虫灭绝临界条件。通过更换杀虫剂来应对害虫的耐药性发展问题,依据不同的判断标准给出了三种不同的更换杀虫剂策略。在综合实施化学控制和生物控制时,研究了投放天敌对害虫控制的影响,最终达到减少杀虫剂喷洒次数及更换次数的目的。
[Abstract]:It is well known that in agricultural production, the management of the biological population is usually based on the factors of human development and ecological balance to control the number of certain or certain populations. For a pest in an ecosystem, it is becoming more and more aware that it is reasonable to control only the number of pest populations when the number of pests reaches the economic threshold. This paper, based on the impulse differential dynamic system, takes into account the frequent occurrence of insect pests, environmental pollution and waste of resources, including the structure model of the single population pest stage, the model of natural enemies and the killing of natural enemies, respectively. In the second chapter, a single population phase structure pest management model of a state dependent pulse is considered, and the monitoring of the total amount of adults and larvae is taken when the pest reaches the economic threshold. Chemical control. In the semi continuous semi dynamic system, the sufficient conditions for the existence and attraction of the periodic solution of the order of the system are obtained by using the succeeding function method. The results are verified by numerical simulation. The third chapter, based on the integrated pest control strategy (IPM), establishes a comprehensive pest management model. The effect of chemical and biological control strategy on chemical and biological control at all times and the effect of the hybrid control strategy on the evolution of the system on the fixed time combined state dependent hybrid control strategy. For the control strategy of spraying insecticides and releasing natural enemies at different frequencies at fixed time, the extinction cycle of the pest is given through two different strategies. The sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the Bureau and the sustainable survival of the natural enemies of the pests were analyzed. The effects of the number of insecticide spraying and the number of natural enemies and the residual rate of the pests and natural enemies on the outbreak and extinction of the pests were numerically analyzed. The number of insecticide spraying and the control period of the pest control were given. The control strategy of integrated pest control is used to analyze the influence of natural enemies on the outbreak of pests. By giving the relationship between the average burst period of the hybrid control system and the parameters in the system, the Guan Jian parameter which mainly affects the period of the pest outbreak is obtained. The fourth chapter takes into account the lag, residual period and the residual period of the insecticide in the pest. The resistance of the same insecticide to the pest is often used, and the integrated pest management model is established through the dose response function of the insecticide. The chemical control strategy for the control of the pest extinction when the natural enemy does not exist and exists is discussed respectively. When the natural enemy exists, the following two different control strategies are made. (1) the number of insecticide spraying is greater than the number of natural enemy release times; (2) the number of natural enemy release times is greater than the number of insecticide spraying. The sufficient conditions for the corresponding periodic solution and local asymptotic stability of the periodic solution are given. The main factors affecting the outbreak or extinction of the pests are studied by numerical simulation. The effects of spraying and releasing cycles, spraying dose and environment on the critical conditions of the pest were affected by the number of insecticides or the number of natural enemies, and the development of drug resistance was introduced in the chemical controlled pest control model, and the critical conditions for the extinction of the pests were obtained. In response to the resistance development of insect pests, three different kinds of insecticide replacement strategies were given according to the different criteria. In the comprehensive implementation of chemical control and biological control, the effects of natural enemies on pest control were studied. Finally, the purpose of reducing the number of spraying and changing times of insecticide was achieved.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：O175

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