基干金刚石色心的单光子产生及其荧光动力学研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 18:59

本文选题：NV色心 + 飞秒激光　；参考：《华东师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：自从第一台激光器产生迄今,量子光学实现了飞速的发展。人们对于光与物质作用的兴趣越来越浓厚,而对光与物质世界的认知也愈来愈深刻。近年来,随着单光子源在实验上的问世以及其蓬勃发展的态势,科学家们得以通过实验来检验关于量子世界的众多理论推测,对单光子的研究成为国际前沿物理科学范畴之一。而基于金刚石内杂质与晶格空穴的组合(亦被称为色心)的单光子源,以其载体样品——金刚石,在可见光波段的高透明度、高稳定性、高硬度、耐酸耐碱性等等优点,以及其本身发光的稳定性和电子能级的易操控性,吸引着世界各地的科学家们开展广泛的研究,进而推动了金刚石色心在量子保密通讯的应用、在生物成像的应用、在纳米尺度超灵敏探测的应用、在量子计算以及其他一些重要应用的研究。本论文的研究目标是通过研究基于金刚石色心的单光子源光学性质以及其荧光动力学特性,来推动实现高频、窄线宽的单光子源产生,并推动金刚石色心在单光子量子保密通讯、纳米尺度探测领域等等方面的应用,促进基于金刚石色心的单光子频率转换的研究及更高层次的单光子操控等方面的探索。本文研究内容主要为以下三项基于实验研究的工作：第一,研究出一种新型的通过飞秒激光辐射来完成金刚石内负电性氮空穴(NV-)色心制备的方法。利用超快飞秒激光在空气中拉丝所产生的等离子体和电子束,辐射在Ib型金刚石表面,生成了单个NV-色心、多个NV-色心以及高密度NV-色心团簇等,可以通过控制飞秒激光的辐射时间来对这三种NV-形式的生成起到一定的控制。生成的单个NV-色心的荧光光谱在637 nm位置上表现出较窄的零声子线,其荧光光子自相关性测量结果表明优良的“单一性”(光子反聚束效应)。第二,研制了基于金刚石内负电性硅空穴(SiV")色心的新型高频、窄线宽的触发式单光子源。SiV-色心激发态寿命短至1-2 ns,并且一般SiV-色心荧光发射有70%的部分集中于其零声子线(ZPL位于738 nm)上,因此单个SiV-色心将会是迄今为止非常理想的单光子源之一。首先建造了一台重复频率约30 MHz皮秒脉冲光纤激光器来实现对单个SiV-色心高频激发,又利用荧光收集性能很高的共聚焦显微镜扫描系统,并选用高性能的带通滤波片(中心波长740 nm,带宽10nm)来滤取SiV-零声子线。实验结果证明成功制备了一种新型的高频、窄线宽的触发式单光子源。这项研究将有利于基于真正意义上的触发式单光子源保密通讯或量子密钥输送的研究,对于进一步研究SiV-色心的荧光动态或荧光动力学有一定的意义,也对单光子的产生和操控方面的研究起到一定的推进作用。第三,围绕一类具有荧光偏振双稳态的单个SiV-色心,进行了一系列细致的SiV-色心荧光动力学的实验观测和探索。此型SiV-色心在较低功率的532 nm激光激发下,表现出稳定的发光强度和光谱以及一定的偏振性质,以及良好的“单一性”。在加大激发光功率后,此SiV-色心自发的产生了另一个偏振方向。通过对其荧光偏振双稳态特性的详细研究,揭示了SiV-色心的一些重要的荧光动态活性,对于更深入的研究SiV-电子性质和光学性质提供了有力的实验依据,对制备更高性能和更实用化的单光子源有着重要意义。
[Abstract]:Since the first laser has been produced so far, quantum optics has developed rapidly. People have become increasingly interested in the role of light and matter, and the understanding of the world of light and material is becoming more and more profound. In recent years, with the advent of the single photon source in the experiment and its flourishing development, scientists have been able to test it through experiments. The study of the quantum world suggests that the study of single photons has become one of the international frontiers of physics. A single photon source based on the combination of impurities and lattice holes in the diamond (also known as the color center), with its carrier sample, diamond, high transparency, high stability, high hardness, acid resistance and alkali resistance in the visible light wave segment The advantages such as sex and so on, as well as its luminescence stability and the easy manipulation of electronic energy levels, attract scientists from all over the world to carry out extensive research, and further promote the application of diamond color center in quantum secure communication, the application of biological imaging, the application of nano scale hypersensitivity detection, in quantum computing and some other The purpose of this paper is to study the optical properties of the single photon source based on diamond core and its fluorescence dynamics, to promote the generation of single photon sources with high frequency and narrow linewidth, and to promote the application of diamond color center in the field of single photon quantum secure communication and nanoscale detection and so on. The study of single photon frequency conversion based on diamond color center and the exploration of higher level single photon manipulation. The main contents of this paper are the following three experiments based on experimental research. First, a new method for the preparation of negative nitrogen cavity (NV-) color center in diamond by femtosecond laser radiation is studied. The plasma and electron beam produced by drawing the ultrafast femtosecond laser in the air are irradiated on the surface of the Ib diamond, generating a single NV- color center, multiple NV- color centers and high density NV- color core clusters, which can control the generation of the three NV- forms by controlling the radiation time of the femtosecond laser. The single N generated. The fluorescence spectrum of the V- color center shows a narrow zero phonon line at the 637 nm position, and its fluorescence photon autocorrelation results show a good "singleness" (photon antibunching effect). Second, a new high frequency, narrow linewidth triggered single photon source.SiV- color center excited state based on the negative silicon cavity (SiV ") color center in the diamond is developed. The lifetime is short to 1-2 ns, and 70% of the common SiV- color center fluorescence emission is concentrated on its zero phonon line (ZPL is 738 nm). Therefore, a single SiV- color center will be one of the most ideal single photon sources so far. First, a repetition rate of 30 MHz picosecond pulse optical fiber laser is built to achieve high frequency excitation of a single SiV- color center. In addition, a high performance confocal microscope scanning system with high performance is used to filter the SiV- zero phonon line with a high performance band pass filter (740 nm at the center wavelength, bandwidth 10nm). The experimental results show that a new type of trigger single light source with high frequency and narrow linewidth is successfully prepared. This study will be beneficial to the real significance. The research on the secret communication of the trigger single photon source or the quantum key transport has some significance for further studying the fluorescence dynamics and the fluorescence dynamics of the SiV- color center. It also plays a certain role in the research of the generation and manipulation of single photon. Third, a single SiV- color center with fluorescence polarization bistable state is carried out. An experimental observation and exploration of a series of detailed SiV- color center fluorescence dynamics. This type of SiV- color center shows a stable luminescence intensity and spectrum as well as a certain polarization property under the excitation of a lower power 532 nm laser, and a good "singleness". After increasing the excitation power, the SiV- color center spontaneously produces another polarization side. Through a detailed study of its fluorescence polarization bistability characteristics, some important fluorescence dynamic activities of the SiV- color center are revealed. It provides a powerful experimental basis for the more in-depth study of the electronic and optical properties of SiV-, which is of great significance for the preparation of higher performance and more practical Dan Guangzi sources.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：O431.2

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