中国光柄菇属和小包脚菇属分类学研究
发布时间：2019-06-11 02:06
【摘要】：光柄菇属Pluteus Fr.和小包脚菇属Volvariella Speg.真菌隶属于担子菌门Basidiomycota,伞菌目Agaricales,光柄菇科Pluteaceae Kotl.Pouzar,是大型真菌中常见的粉色孢子类群。本文选取光柄菇科中光柄菇属和小包脚菇属种类,结合经典分类学和分子系统学方法,进行了全面的分类学研究。形态学研究的开展主要通过复查我国主要标本馆馆藏标本以及鉴定近年来新采集的标本进行。在研究国内700多份标本的基础上,最终确认我国光柄菇属真菌50种,小包脚菇属真菌16种。其中光柄菇属的研究发现新种5个和中国新纪录11个。同时,对我国光柄菇属已报道的38个分类单元(种、变种)进行了研究,合并了6个异名,排除了2个种在我国的分布以及1个非正式发表,另外2个存疑种;小包脚菇属的研究发现新种1种,中国新记录种3种,对我国小包脚菇属已报道的22个分类单元(种、变种)进行了研究,合并了7个异名,排除了2个种在我国的分布。基于上述研究结果分别给出了光柄菇科下分属检索表、光柄菇属下分组和分种检索表、以及小包脚菇属的分种检索表。发现的6个新种分别为:朱红光柄菇P.cinnabarinus、灰顶光柄菇P.griseodiscus、暗紫光柄菇P.purpureofuscus、条纹光柄菇P.striatus、赭色光柄菇P.vinosobrunneus和灰褐小包脚菇V.rava;发现的14个国内新纪录种为:杨生光柄菇P.alniphilus、盾状光柄菇P.chrysaegis、本乡光柄菇P.hongoi、北方光柄菇P.leucoborealis、蓝腿光柄菇P.padanilus、淡色光柄菇P.pallidus、驯鹿光柄菇P.rangifer、罗氏光柄菇P.romellii、鹿色光柄菇P.shikae、墨色光柄菇P.sepiicolor、木生光柄菇P.xylophilus、韩国小包脚菇V.koreana、牙买加小包脚菇V.jamaicensis和无囊小包脚菇V.nullicystidiata。系统发育研究则结合基因片段ITS和LSU,运用最大简约法和贝叶斯法对光柄菇科下光柄菇属和小包脚菇属进行了分子发育分析。基于LSU序列的研究结果表明:目前传统分类系统中光柄菇科并不表现为单系起源,科下光柄菇属和小包脚菇属种类并未聚在一起,而是在各自形成的分枝间夹杂其他分类群;但光柄菇属类群表现为单系起源,而小包脚菇属则表现为多源性,小包脚菇属的发育学地位还有待进一步研究。基于ITS序列的发育分析结果得出:1)再次验证了光柄菇属为单系起源,该属发育群中也包含了传统分类学上属于矮菇属的种类(具菌环的种类,如P.fenzlii和乳突光柄菇P.mammillatus);其属下分组section Pluteus Fr.,section Hisperderma Fay.和section Celluloderma Fay.也基本得到了分子证据的支持,但基于菌盖皮层的细胞类型作为光柄菇属下分组或分亚组的主要区别特征需要寻找更多的分子证据;此外,光柄菇属中同一种类,在生态地理学方面具有一定的相关性;2)小包脚菇属为单系起源得到了分子支持,属下类群明显表现出两分枝,即托光柄菇属类群分枝和除托光柄菇属类群之外的小包脚菇属类群分枝;此外小包脚菇属类群的分子系统发育表现出一定的地域性,如来自我国的种类有聚类在一起的趋势。此外,对我国光柄菇属种类(50种)进行了初步的分类学成份和区系分析:模式产地为欧洲的种类有22种(占总数的44%),美洲种类11种(占总数的22%),亚洲种类16种(占总数的32%),非洲种类1种(占总数的2%);基于其分布规律可得出光柄菇属分布的热点区域对应的也是生物多样性丰富的地区。而在亚洲区系成份(16种,占总数32%)中:南亚次大陆成份有4种,占总数的8%;东亚成份有12种,占总数的24%。其中东亚成份中:日本有3种,占总数的6%;俄罗斯远东地区(西伯利亚)2种,占总数的4%;而我国的特有成份7种,占总数的14%。这一结果基本与各区域的生物多样性丰度呈正相关。
[Abstract]:Prouus Fr. and Volvariella Speg. The fungi belong to Basidiomycete, Baidota, Agaricales, and Prouteacean Kool. Pouzar, which is a common pink spore group in large-scale fungi. In this paper, a comprehensive taxonomic study was carried out in the light of the species of the light-stem and the small-packet-foot-mushroom in the light-stem and mushroom, combined with the classical taxonomy and the molecular systematics. The development of the morphological study is mainly through the review of the main specimens of our country and the identification of newly acquired specimens in recent years. On the basis of the study of over 700 specimens in China,50 species of the genus and 16 species of the genus Agrocybe of China were confirmed. Of these,11 new species and 11 new records from China were found. At the same time,38 classification units (species, varieties), which have been reported in China, were studied, six different names were combined, and the distribution of 2 species in China and one informal publication were excluded. Three new records in China were studied, and the 22 classification units (species, varieties), which have been reported in China, were studied, and the distribution of 2 species in China was excluded. Based on the results of the above-mentioned research, a search table, a subpacket and a seed search table, and a species search table of the genus Pteroides, respectively, are given. The six new species were: P. cinnabarinus, P. grisea, P. griseboiscus, P. purpureofuscus, P. striatus, P. viginosobrunneus, and V. rava, respectively. P. leucifera, P. pleanilus, P. dellidus, P. padanilus, P. dellidus, P. angifer, P. sepciolor, P. shikae, P. sepciolor, P. xylophylus, Korean small-packet-foot mushroom, V. korigana, and small-packet-foot mushroom, V. nullicystidiata. In the phylogenetic studies, the molecular development of the genus and the small genus of the genus Pteroides is carried out by using the most simple method and the Bayesian method in combination with the gene fragments ITS and LSU. The results of the LSU-based sequence show that in the present traditional classification system, the light-stem and mushroom family does not appear as a single-line origin, and the species of the lower-and-lower-order and the small-packet-type mushroom are not grouped together, but other classification groups are included among the branches formed respectively; However, the species of the genus Agrocybe is a single-line origin, while the genus Pteroides is a multi-source, and the developmental status of the genus Pteroides is still to be studied further. The results of the development and analysis based on ITS sequence are as follows:1) The origin of the genus Pteroides is verified again, and the species of the genus Pteroides (P. fenzlii and P. mamaillatus, P. fenzlii and P. mamaillatus), which belong to the genus Dwarf, are also included in the development group, and the subordinate grouping section of the genus Prouteus Fr., the section Hisperderma Fay. 鍜宻ection Celluloderma Fay. the support of the molecular evidence is also basically obtained, but the cell type based on the protective layer of the sclerotium is used as the main difference characteristic of the subgroup or a sub-group of the light-stem mushroom, so that more molecular evidence is needed; in addition, the same kind of the cymophila is of certain relevance in the aspect of ecological geography; 2) The genus Pteroides is a single-line origin, and there are two branches, namely, the branch of the genus Tomophila and the group of the genus Pteroides except the genus Ptolacea. In addition, the molecular phylogeny of the genus Pteroides has a certain region, such as the tendency of cluster in the species from China. In addition, there are 22 species (44% of the total),11 species of the Americas (22% of the total) and 16 species (32% of the total). 1 species in Africa (2% of the total); and based on the distribution rule, it can be concluded that the hot spot area of the genus Olentus is also the area where the biodiversity is rich. In the Asian region (16 species,32% of the total), there are 4 species in the southern subcontinent, accounting for 8% of the total; there are 12 East Asian components, accounting for 24% of the total. Among the East Asian components, there are 3 species in Japan, accounting for 6% of the total;2 in the Russian Far East (Siberia), accounting for 4% of the total; and 7 of the endemic components in China, accounting for 14% of the total. This result is essentially positively related to the abundance of biodiversity in the various regions.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q949.32
，
本文编号：2496920
[Abstract]:Prouus Fr. and Volvariella Speg. The fungi belong to Basidiomycete, Baidota, Agaricales, and Prouteacean Kool. Pouzar, which is a common pink spore group in large-scale fungi. In this paper, a comprehensive taxonomic study was carried out in the light of the species of the light-stem and the small-packet-foot-mushroom in the light-stem and mushroom, combined with the classical taxonomy and the molecular systematics. The development of the morphological study is mainly through the review of the main specimens of our country and the identification of newly acquired specimens in recent years. On the basis of the study of over 700 specimens in China,50 species of the genus and 16 species of the genus Agrocybe of China were confirmed. Of these,11 new species and 11 new records from China were found. At the same time,38 classification units (species, varieties), which have been reported in China, were studied, six different names were combined, and the distribution of 2 species in China and one informal publication were excluded. Three new records in China were studied, and the 22 classification units (species, varieties), which have been reported in China, were studied, and the distribution of 2 species in China was excluded. Based on the results of the above-mentioned research, a search table, a subpacket and a seed search table, and a species search table of the genus Pteroides, respectively, are given. The six new species were: P. cinnabarinus, P. grisea, P. griseboiscus, P. purpureofuscus, P. striatus, P. viginosobrunneus, and V. rava, respectively. P. leucifera, P. pleanilus, P. dellidus, P. padanilus, P. dellidus, P. angifer, P. sepciolor, P. shikae, P. sepciolor, P. xylophylus, Korean small-packet-foot mushroom, V. korigana, and small-packet-foot mushroom, V. nullicystidiata. In the phylogenetic studies, the molecular development of the genus and the small genus of the genus Pteroides is carried out by using the most simple method and the Bayesian method in combination with the gene fragments ITS and LSU. The results of the LSU-based sequence show that in the present traditional classification system, the light-stem and mushroom family does not appear as a single-line origin, and the species of the lower-and-lower-order and the small-packet-type mushroom are not grouped together, but other classification groups are included among the branches formed respectively; However, the species of the genus Agrocybe is a single-line origin, while the genus Pteroides is a multi-source, and the developmental status of the genus Pteroides is still to be studied further. The results of the development and analysis based on ITS sequence are as follows:1) The origin of the genus Pteroides is verified again, and the species of the genus Pteroides (P. fenzlii and P. mamaillatus, P. fenzlii and P. mamaillatus), which belong to the genus Dwarf, are also included in the development group, and the subordinate grouping section of the genus Prouteus Fr., the section Hisperderma Fay. 鍜宻ection Celluloderma Fay. the support of the molecular evidence is also basically obtained, but the cell type based on the protective layer of the sclerotium is used as the main difference characteristic of the subgroup or a sub-group of the light-stem mushroom, so that more molecular evidence is needed; in addition, the same kind of the cymophila is of certain relevance in the aspect of ecological geography; 2) The genus Pteroides is a single-line origin, and there are two branches, namely, the branch of the genus Tomophila and the group of the genus Pteroides except the genus Ptolacea. In addition, the molecular phylogeny of the genus Pteroides has a certain region, such as the tendency of cluster in the species from China. In addition, there are 22 species (44% of the total),11 species of the Americas (22% of the total) and 16 species (32% of the total). 1 species in Africa (2% of the total); and based on the distribution rule, it can be concluded that the hot spot area of the genus Olentus is also the area where the biodiversity is rich. In the Asian region (16 species,32% of the total), there are 4 species in the southern subcontinent, accounting for 8% of the total; there are 12 East Asian components, accounting for 24% of the total. Among the East Asian components, there are 3 species in Japan, accounting for 6% of the total;2 in the Russian Far East (Siberia), accounting for 4% of the total; and 7 of the endemic components in China, accounting for 14% of the total. This result is essentially positively related to the abundance of biodiversity in the various regions.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q949.32
，
本文编号：2496920
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