轨道交通对城市群紧凑发展及其经济效率的影响研究

发布时间：2017-12-26 16:19

  本文关键词：轨道交通对城市群紧凑发展及其经济效率的影响研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 城市群紧凑度 轨道交通的网络经济效应 经济紧凑 空间紧凑 资本紧凑 交通紧凑 经济效率

【摘要】：紧凑发展理论作为一种城市可持续发展理论,在西方发达国家如美国、欧洲、澳大利亚等被广泛研究和实践。但是,随着我国城镇化的迅速推进,针对城市土地粗放扩张、城市经济效率低下以及城市群发育缓慢等问题,紧凑发展理论能否有效地指导我国新型城镇化建设,为我国新型城镇化建设提供新的发展思路?紧凑集约型发展模式是否是我国城市群发展的理想选择?轨道交通在城市群紧凑发展中的作用机理是什么?如何才能充分发挥其对城市群紧凑发展的支撑作用?基于以上问题,本文做了以下研究工作:(1)轨道交通网络化对城市群紧凑发展的时空效应分析。从空间和时间两个基本维度对城市群轨道交通的时空经济属性进行了考察,分析了轨道交通网络对城市群空间形态演化的影响,得出不同的城市群轨道交通网络模式对应着不同的城市群空间形态;轨道交通网络能够促进城市群网络空间结构的形成,每一次轨道交通网络的优化,缩短了城市间的时间距离,降低了各类要素流动的成本,为寻找最有区位,居民和产业等经济主体在城市群更大范围内扩散和集聚,这必然导致城市群空间结构的进一步完善与发展,最终促使城市群网络空间结构的形成。(2)轨道交通网络化对城市群紧凑发展的聚集效应分析。从交通成本和可达性两个视角分析了轨道交通网络对城市群紧凑发展的影响机理。首先通过简单的理论模型分析了交通成本约束下的轨道交通网络对城市群集聚经济的影响,并着重分析了轨道交通节点的集聚效应及轨道交通网络对城市群要素流动的同城效应。其次,基于可达性分别从微观、中观、宏观层面分析了轨道交通网络对企业及居民区位选择、城市群劳动产业分工以及城市群城镇化与工业化发展的作用机理。(3)城市群紧凑发展理论分析及其紧凑度测度。基于紧凑发展理论、集聚经济理论、城市空间相互作用理论等,首先全面系统地界定了紧凑型城市群的概念及内涵,探究影响我国城市群紧凑发展的因素,并从微观、中观及宏观层面分析了城市群紧凑发展的内在动力和实现途径。在此基础上,构建城市群紧凑发展程度的测度模型,从产业紧凑、空间紧凑、资本紧凑以及交通紧凑四个角度对我国十大城市群近十年紧凑发展程度进行测算,结果显示:从2001年至2013年,我国十大城市群综合紧凑度均呈现出总体上升趋势,但城市群紧凑度总体不高,且空间差异大。珠三角城市群的综合紧凑度始终处于首位,而长三角、京津冀城市群的综合紧凑度也始终处于前列,而长江中游、成渝、中原城市群由于处于相对偏僻的中西部地区,在经济发展、资本投资、劳动力增长等方面相对落后,从而导致这些城市群整体发育程度较低,城市群紧凑度也相对较低。(4)城市群紧凑发展对城市群经济效率的影响。本文分析了城市群紧凑发展对经济效率的作用机理,首先采用随机前沿方法(SFA)对我国十大城市群经济效率进行了测算,结果显示,我国十大城市群自2001年至2013年经济效率均呈现出逐年增加的趋势;按经济效率的大小,依次为长三角、珠三角、山东半岛、辽中南、海峡西岸、成渝、京津冀、长江中游、关中、中原,且该顺序一直贯穿于这13年中。这一结果表明处于东部沿海地区的城市群经济效率明显高于处于中西部地区的城市群。在此基础上,基于科布-道格拉斯生产函数构建城市群紧凑度-经济效率模型,以探究城市群紧凑度与其经济效率的关系,在固定效应模型中,城市群紧凑度变量与经济效率呈现出明显的非线性关系。城市群紧凑度对城市群生产效率具有显著的积极影响,而城市群紧凑度的二次项也表现出与经济效率显著的负相关关系,这表明城市群紧凑度的变化与城市群经济效率呈现出倒U型抛物线关系,即初期随着城市群紧凑度的提高,城市群经济效率逐渐上升直到达到最高临界点后,城市群紧凑度的继续增加将会导致经济效率的下降,这符合经济增长规律。因此,城市群紧凑发展要有一定限度,过高的城市群紧凑度不利于城市群的持续健康发展。(5)轨道交通对城市群紧凑发展及其经济效率的实证分析。通过构建轨道交通-城市群紧凑度模型和轨道交通-城市群紧凑度-生产率模型,选取2001年至2013年我国十大城市群相关面板数据,主要运用面板最小二乘法和广义矩估计法(GMM)对城市群轨道交通网络与城市群紧凑度以及经济效率的关系进行了估计,结果显示:①轨道交通变量对城市群紧凑度具有显著的积极影响,但这一影响存在时间滞后性。这意味着通过进一步完善轨道交通网络基础设施和服务来引导和促进城市群紧凑发展是有效的,轨道交通网络规模的增加以及区域内轨道交通密度的提高对于促进城市群紧凑发展具有积极的推动作用。②轨道交通和城市群紧凑度对城市群经济效率呈现出显著的正向影响,轨道交通既对城市群经济效率产生直接影响,又通过影响城市群紧凑度对经济效率产生间接影响,而滞后解释变量对城市生产率变化的影响虽然较小,但却是显著的,这说明了轨道交通和城市群紧凑度对城市群生产率变化量的影响具有滞后性。这一结果表明紧凑度高的城市群往往经济效率也高,这也解释了世界上一些大的城市群聚集了大量的劳动人口和产业,不仅提高了城市群的总体紧凑度,也促进了生产率的提高。(6)城市群轨道交通网络经济效应内在机理及网络效率评价。在实现城市群紧凑发展的过程中,轨道交通网络化发展发挥着不可替代的作用。轨道交通具有显著的网络经济效应,其微观机理包括来自客运需求方的网络效益和来自货运需求方的网络效益,具体包括节约旅客在途时间的效益、减少疲劳,提高劳动生产率的效益、减少交通拥挤的效益以及节约运输资源、加强运网内运输生产能力、增强运网空间辐射能力等;其宏观机理包括提升可达性的空间经济联系效应、产业结构的优化效应、区域产业集聚与扩散的效应以及缩小地区差距的效应。轨道交通网络具有"门槛性"特征,必须在形成一定网络时才能最大化网络经济效应。在此基础上,运用DEA分析法对我国十大城市群的轨道交通网络效率进行了估算,并利用Malmquist指数模型对我国十大城市群2001至2013年轨道交通网络效率变化及其分类分异情况进行考察,从总体平均水平来看,2001年至2013年我国十大城市群平均技术效率和纯技术效率变化上升,技术有所退步,规模优化,总体网络效率呈现出弱衰退趋势,针对这一实证结果,归纳并总结出了影响我国城市群轨道交通网络效率提升的三个原因。通过上文的理论研究和实证研究结果可以得出两点最终结论:(1)城市群紧凑发展能够有效地促进城市群经济效率的提高,但城市群紧凑发展要有一定限度,过高的城市群紧凑度不利于城市群的持续健康发展。因此,紧凑集约型发展模式作为我国城市群发展的科学选择,在发展过程中一定要注意适度紧凑。(2)轨道交通对城市群紧凑发展及其经济效率都有显著的积极影响,只有实现网络化发展才能克服其"门槛性",最大化其网络经济效应,充分发挥对城市群紧凑发展的支撑作用。最后,本文从四个层面提出了促进城市群紧凑发展的建议:完善城市群轨道交通网络,充分发挥对城市群紧凑发展的引导和支撑作用;优化产业结构,提高经济效率,促进城市群经济紧凑发展;完善城镇等级布局,提高土地利用效率,促进城市群空间紧凑发展;吸引外商投资,促进资本合理空间配置,促进城市群资本紧凑发展。同时,也提出了轨道交通支撑城市群紧凑发展的几点对策建议:统一规划城市群轨道交通网络,促进城市群轨道交通协调发展;注重市郊铁路的建设与发展;发展轨道交通综合枢纽;提高运营服务水平,加强与其他运输方式的衔接,提高运输效率等。
[Abstract]:As a theory of urban sustainable development, compact development theory has been widely studied and practiced in western developed countries such as the United States, Europe and Australia. However, with the rapid development of urbanization in our country, aiming at the problem of city land expansion, low economic efficiency of city and city group development is slow, the development of the compact theory can effectively guide the construction of the new urbanization of our country, provide new ideas for the construction of new urbanization in China? Whether the compact intensive mode of development is ideal development of China's city group? What is the mechanism of rail transit in city group compact development? How to fully play its supporting role to the development of the compact city group? Based on the above problems, this thesis has done the following research: (1) analysis of the space-time effect of compact city group development of rail transit network. Investigated from the time the economic attribute of rail transit city group of the two basic dimensions of space and time, analyzes the impacts on the evolution of city group space form of rail transit network, the city rail transportation network corresponds to different patterns of city spatial form different groups; rail transportation network can promote the formation of network space structure of the city group the optimization of every rail transportation network, shorten the time distance between the city, reducing the cost of all kinds of elements flow, to find the location, residents and industrial economic bodies of diffusion and gather in the city group in a larger range, which will inevitably lead to further improvement and development of space structure of the city group, the final to promote the formation of network spatial structure of city group. (2) the analysis of the aggregation effect of the network of rail transit to the compact development of the urban agglomeration. The influence mechanism of the rail transit network on the compact development of urban agglomeration is analyzed from two perspectives of traffic cost and accessibility. First, a simple theoretical model is used to analyze the impact of rail transit network on urban agglomeration economies under the constraint of traffic cost. The agglomeration effect of rail transit nodes and the urban traffic effect of rail transit network on urban agglomeration are emphatically analyzed. Secondly, based on accessibility, this paper analyzes the mechanism of rail transit network on location choice of enterprises and residents, labor division of urban agglomerations, urbanization and industrialization development of urban agglomeration from microcosmic, meso and macro level respectively. (3) the theoretical analysis of compact development of urban agglomeration and its compact measure. Compact development theory, the theory of agglomeration economy, city spatial interaction theory based on the first comprehensive system defines the concept and connotation of compact type city group, explore the influencing factors of our country city group compact development, and from the micro, meso and macro level analysis of the way and realize internal power compact development city group. On this basis, construct the model to measure the degree of development of the compact city group, the industry has the advantages of compact structure, compact space, compact and compact traffic capital estimates of ten city groups of our country nearly ten years the development of the compact four points results show: from 2001 to 2013, ten city groups of our country comprehensive compactness are presented the overall upward trend, but the city compactness is not high, and the spatial differences. The Pearl River Delta city group synthetic compactness is always in the first place, and the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing and Tianjin city group's comprehensive compactness is always in the forefront of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu Chongqing city group of Central Plains, due to the relatively remote western regions, relatively backward in terms of economic development, capital investment, labor force growth, leading to the city the whole development level is low, the compact city group is relatively low. (4) the impact of the compact development of urban agglomeration on the economic efficiency of urban agglomeration. This paper analyzes the mechanism of the development of the compact city group economic efficiency, we use the stochastic frontier approach (SFA) on the economic efficiency of the ten city in China was calculated, results show that the ten big city in China from 2001 to 2013 economic efficiency group showed an increasing trend year by year; according to the economic efficiency of the size. In the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, South Liaoning, on the west side of the Straits, Chengdu Chongqing, Beijing Tianjin Hebei, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Guan Zhong, the Central Plains, and the order has been throughout these 13 years. The results show that the economic efficiency of the urban agglomeration in the eastern coastal areas is obviously higher than the urban agglomeration in the middle and western regions. Based on the Cobb Douglas production function to construct city cluster compactness - model based on economic efficiency, in order to explore the relationship between the city group compact degree and economic efficiency, the fixed effect model, compact city group and economic efficiency variables showing a significant nonlinear relationship. City group of compact city group production efficiency has a significant positive impact, while the city compactness degree of two groups also showed a significant negative correlation with economic efficiency, which indicates that the economic efficiency of city group change of compactness and the city group presents an inverted U type parabolic relationship, namely with the increase of the early city agglomerations compactness the economic efficiency of city group increased gradually until it reaches the highest point, city cluster compactness continue to increase will lead to a decline in economic efficiency, which is consistent with the laws of economic growth. Therefore, the compact development of urban agglomeration should have a certain limit, and the exorbitant city group compactness is not conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of urban agglomeration. (5) an empirical analysis of the compact development of urban agglomeration and its economic efficiency by rail transit. Through the construction of rail transit - city cluster compactness model and rail transportation - City agglomerations compactness - productivity model, from 2001 to 2013 ten city groups of our country panel data, using the least squares method and panel Guang Yiju estimation method (GMM) for city rail transportation network and the city group as well as the relationship between the compactness of economic efficiency for the estimation, the results showed: the rail traffic variables on the compact city group has a significant positive impact, but this.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F572;F299.2
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本文编号：1337957