转基因食品消费行为研究

发布时间：2017-12-26 18:41

本文关键词：转基因食品消费行为研究　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自从被批准商业化应用以来,转基因作物就在全世界范围内迅速推广,取得了举世瞩目的成就。种植面积从1996年的170万公顷增长到2015年的1.79亿公顷,累积扩展了100多倍。然而,在转基因技术快速发展的同时,国际上围绕其安全性的争论亦愈演愈烈。支持者认为,转基因技术能够为人类提供更多优质、高产、高效的产品,降低了生产成本,同时减轻了对环境的污染。反对者认为,转基因技术会给人类健康和生态环境带来不可逆的影响,同时引起人们在伦理道德方面的担忧。《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)》提出,发展新的转基因作物品种被认定是一个很重要的农业发展项目。但来自国际农业生物技术应用服务组织(ISAAA)的数据显示,我国转基因作物的种植面积自2013年以来已经连续两年有所下降,从2013年的420万公顷下降到2014年的390万公顷,2015年再次下降到370万公顷。目前被批准商业化种植的转基因作物只有转基因棉花和木瓜,转基因主粮的商业化生产在我国完全没有实现,已经获取植物转基因安全证书的转基因抗虫水稻面临着证书的失效。种种情况表明,现阶段我国转基因技术和产品的发展与推广面临着很大的不确定性。作为鉴定市场上产品成功与否的重要因素,消费者对转基因食品的态度和购买行为可以有效地反映其对转基因食品的认可度,从而进一步影响转基因食品的发展与产业化进程。那么,现阶段我国消费者对转基因食品的态度如何?他们是否了解与转基因食品相关的风险和收益?他们是否愿意购买转基因食品?他们愿意为转基因食品支付的最高价格是多少?他们所陈述的购买意愿与实际的购买行为是否一致?这些都是本文所要研究的主要问题。在系统梳理国内外有关转基因食品消费行为的文献的基础上,本文以消费者行为理论、信息不对称理论、产品质量属性理论、感知风险理论为依据,采用问卷调查法、归纳法、计量经济分析等方法对消费者的转基因食品消费行为展开研究。首先,基于对相关理论的归纳,设计出本研究的理论分析框架;其次,通过对调研数据的分析,探讨消费者对我国食品安全现状的感知,以及对转基因食品的感知风险和感知收益,并构建结构方程模型来分析消费者对转基因食品的感知风险与感知收益之间的相互影响及外在因素对两者的影响;再次,在微观数据分析的基础上,探讨消费者对转基因食品的购买意愿及影响因素。并以转基因食用油为例,了解并分析消费者对转基因食用油的支付意愿及影响因素;然后,探讨消费者对转基因食用油陈述性偏好与显示性偏好的关系,并进一步分析影响两者关系的因素;最后,根据研究所得出的结论,提出相关政策建议,以期为相关部门的决策提供依据。本文所得出的主要研究结论如下:(1)样本区域内高达90.27%的被调查者明确表示听说过转基因食品,但只有18.3%的被调查者愿意接受转基因食品,被调查者接受程度最高的转基因食品是抗病虫害的转基因水果或蔬菜。33.07%的被调查者认为发展转基因食品有意义,21.26%的被调查者选择支持发展转基因食品。同时,15.47%的被调查者赞同转基因食品的商业化应用,接近60%的被调查者不支持我国政府进口大量的转基因食品,53.98%的被调查者不清楚我国转基因食品的标识政策。(2)通过分析被调查者对转基因食品的感知风险和感知收益可知,那些认为转基因食品能够给人体健康和环境带来危害的被调查者比重远远高于那些不认为有此风险的被调查者;认为转基因食品能给人类和环境带来收益的被调查者比重较低;与此同时,有很大比例的被调查者不清楚与转基因食品相关的风险和收益。结构方程模型的回归结果显示,影响消费者感知风险的因素是其性别、个人月收入、家庭人口数和家庭是否有特殊人群。影响消费者感知收益的因素是其性别、年龄和转基因食品知识。(3)样本区域内70.86%的被调查者不愿意购买转基因食品,29.14%的被调查者表示愿意购买转基因食品。影响消费者选择购买转基因食品的因素是其性别、年龄、个人月收入、家庭是否有特殊人群、转基因食品知识以及对转基因食品的感知风险和感知收益。其中,女性、年轻人、个人收入水平较低者、家庭无特殊人群的消费者愿意购买转基因食品。对转基因食品知识了解越多的消费者越倾向于购买转基因食品,对其感知风险越高的消费者越不愿意购买转基因食品,对转基因食品感知收益越高的消费者对其购买意愿越高。(4)通过分析被调查者对5升装转基因菜籽油的支付意愿可知,样本区域内的大部分被调查者不愿意为转基因食品支付任何的溢价,只有在比非转基因食品价格低的情况下才愿意购买转基因食品。被调查者对5升装转基因菜籽油的平均支付意愿约为市场价格的20%左右。年轻人、受教育水平较低者、家庭中无特殊人群的消费者更愿意为转基因食用油支付较高的价格。对转基因食品有较低感知风险和较高感知收益的消费者也愿意为转基因食用油支付较高的价格。(5)本文将消费者对转基因食用油陈述性偏好与显示性偏好的关系分为四类,即陈述愿意购买实际也购买者,陈述愿意购买而实际未购买者,陈述不愿意购买而实际购买者,陈述不愿意购买而实际也未购买者。分析结果显示,被调查者对转基因食用油陈述性偏好与显示性偏好的一致性高达62.88%,53.49%的被调查者不愿意购买而实际也并未购买转基因食用油,9.39%的被调查者愿意并实际购买了转基因食用油。以不愿意而实际也未购买转基因食用油的被调查者为基础类别,运用无序多分类logistics模型分析消费者对转基因食用油陈述性偏好与显示性偏好的关系。结果显示,愿意并实际购买转基因食用油的消费者主要受其性别、受教育程度、收入、转基因食品知识及感知风险的影响。陈述性偏好与显示性偏好存在差异的消费者,即愿意购买而实际未购买者及不愿意购买而实际购买者,其性别、年龄、收入、转基因食品知识及感知风险是影响两者关系的主要因素。总体来讲,女性、受教育水平较高者、拥有较多转基因食品知识的人、对转基因食品感知风险较高者对转基因食用油的陈述性偏好与显示性偏好的一致性较高,其所陈述的购买意愿与实际的购买行为一致。
[Abstract]:Since the commercialized application has been approved, genetically modified crops have been popularized worldwide and achieved remarkable achievements. The planting area has increased from 1 million 700 thousand hectares in 1996 to 179 million hectares in 2015, which has accumulated more than 100 times. However, with the rapid development of genetically modified technology, the international debate around its security is becoming more and more intense. Proponents believe that transgenic technology can provide more high-quality, high-yield and efficient products for humans, reduce production costs and reduce environmental pollution. The opponents believe that transgenic technology will bring irreversible effects on human health and the ecological environment, and cause people's ethical concerns. The outline of the national medium and long term plan for science and technology development (2006-2020) put forward that the development of new genetically modified crop varieties is recognized as a very important agricultural development project. But from the international agricultural biotechnology application service organization (ISAAA) data show that transgenic crops in the planting area of our country since 2013 has two consecutive years of decline, from 4 million 200 thousand hectares in 2013 dropped to 3 million 900 thousand hectares in 2014, again in 2015 dropped to 3 million 700 thousand hectares. Currently approved commercial cultivation of GM crops only cotton and transgenic papaya, commercial production of genetically modified staple food in China did not realize, transgenic plants have access to the security certificate transgenic rice face certificate failure. The situation shows that the development and promotion of transgenic technology and products in China are facing great uncertainty at this stage. As an important factor to identify whether the product is successful or not, consumers' attitudes towards GM foods and their purchase behavior can effectively reflect their recognition degree of genetically modified foods, which will further affect the development and industrialization of genetically modified foods. So, how to present consumer attitudes toward genetically modified food? Whether they understand the risks and benefits associated with genetically modified food? Whether they are willing to buy genetically modified food? How much is the highest price they are willing to pay for genetically modified food? Purchase intention and actual purchase behavior of their stated whether these are the main problems? This paper is to study. Based on combing the domestic and foreign related genetically modified food consumer behavior literature, based on the consumer behavior theory, information asymmetry theory, product quality attribute theory, perceived risk theory, using the method of questionnaire research, induction method, econometric analysis method of genetically modified food consumption behavior of consumers. First of all, the theory summarized based on the theoretical framework of this study design; secondly, through the analysis of the survey data, to investigate the consumers' perception of the status quo of China's food safety, as well as on genetically modified food perceived risk and perceived benefits, and construct the structural equation model to analyze the interaction between consumers of genetically modified food the perceived risk and perceived benefits and effects of external factors on the two; again, based on micro data analysis, study on consumer willingness to buy genetically modified food and its influencing factors. Taking transgenic edible oil as an example, analyze the factors of consumer willingness to pay for transgenic edible oil and influence; then discusses the consumers of genetically modified edible oil and shows the relationship between the stated preference preference, and further analysis the influence factors of the relationship between the two; finally, according to the conclusions, puts forward relevant policy suggestions, provide according to relevant departments for decision-making. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the sample area up to 90.27% of the respondents explicitly heard of genetically modified food, but only 18.3% of the respondents are willing to accept genetically modified food, respondents to the highest degree of acceptance of genetically modified food is insect resistant transgenic fruits or vegetables. 33.07% of the respondents believed that the development of genetically modified foods was meaningful, and 21.26% of the respondents chose to support the development of genetically modified foods. Meanwhile, 15.47% of the respondents agreed with the commercialized application of GM food. Nearly 60% of respondents did not support our government's import of large quantities of GM food, and 53.98% of respondents did not know the labeling policy of GMF in China. (2) through the analysis of genetically modified food respondents perceived risk and perceived benefits that those who believe that genetically modified food can bring harm to human health and the environment of the respondents is higher than those who do not think there is the risk of the respondents; believe that genetically modified food can bring benefits to human beings and the environment of the respondents the proportion is low; at the same time, a large proportion of the respondents do not know the risks and benefits associated with genetically modified food. The regression results of structural equation models show that the factors that affect consumers' perceived risk are gender, personal income, family size and family members. The factors that affect the perceived benefit of consumers are their sex, age and knowledge of genetically modified foods. (3) 70.86% of the respondents in the sample area were reluctant to buy genetically modified foods, and 29.14% of the respondents expressed their willingness to buy genetically modified foods. The factors that affect consumers' purchase of GM foods are gender, age, personal monthly income, family specific populations, knowledge of genetically modified foods and perceived risk and perceived benefits of genetically modified foods. Among them, women, young people, lower individual income levels, and consumers who have no special families are willing to buy genetically modified foods. The more consumers who know more about GM foods, the more likely they are to buy GM foods. The more consumers with higher perceived risk are, the more unwilling consumers are to buy GM foods. The higher the perceived benefit of GM foods is, the higher the consumers' willingness to purchase GM foods. (4) through the score
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.7;F126.1

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