基于行为经济学的国有企业高管职务舞弊行为研究
发布时间:2017-12-27 02:07
本文关键词:基于行为经济学的国有企业高管职务舞弊行为研究 出处:《东北财经大学》2016年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文
更多相关文章: 行为经济学 国有企业高管 职务舞弊 心理因素 信息加工流程 实验方法
【摘要】:国有企业高管以权谋私的职务舞弊行为,不仅造成了国有资产的大量流失,严重制约了国有企业市场化改革的效率效果,而且由于国有企业高管的示范效应,又会对企业内部的其他成员产生系统性的影响,引发企业职务舞弊行为的常态化发展。国有企业高管的职务舞弊行为本质上可以视为心理因素和外部因素共同作用下的经济行为,其中,外部因素又可以整合提炼为成本信息、收益信息和概率信息。心理因素是行为发生的内因,对于行为的产生过程会产生系统性的影响,因此要探究国有企业高管职务舞弊的形成机理,则需要在统一的分析框架下,明确在心理因素的影响下,国有企业高管处理外部因素的特征和规律。换言之,要更为合理地解释国有企业高管的职务舞弊行为则需要满足两个条件:第一,将心理因素和外部因素作为一个有机的整体来解释国有企业高管的职务舞弊行为;第二,构建能将心理因素和外部因素整合在一起的分析框架。行为经济学是传统经济学与认知心理学相结合的产物,基于有限理性的假设,将心理因素重新纳入到经济行为的分析框架之中,着重考察心理因素对于经济行为的作用机理。从学科本质上看,行为经济学是传统经济学的历史顺承和演进,并未把传统经济学排除在它的理论体系之外而否定其理论逻辑。行为经济学仍然将成本收益分析视为基本的逻辑分析方法,以此为基础分析行为主体的经济行为,试图在统一的逻辑框架下,探究影响因素间的综合作用机理(条件二)。其次,行为经济学又在外部因素的基础上,考察了心理因素对于经济行为的影响,修正和拓展了已有经济学原理,提高了经济学模型的现实解释力(条件一)。通过以上分析可以看出,行为经济学既可以为经济行为分析提供统一的分析框架,又可以在该框架下探究心理因素与外部因素的综合作用机理,因此能够较为有效地解释和预测行为主体的经济行为。基于以上考虑,本文立足于行为经济学的视角,探究了国有企业高管职务舞弊行为的形成机理以及相应的控制策略。然而,行为经济学并未同传统博弈论一样,提供较为可操作性的成本收益分析框架,用于分析国有企业高管的职务舞弊行为以及相关的影响因素。因此,本文首先依托于认知心理学的信息加工理论,将认知心理学的"信息处理框架"与经济学的"成本收益框架"相融合,把有限理性下舞弊决策的成本收益分析过程,转化为舞弊决策信息的心理加工过程,即在心理因素的影响下行为主体对于舞弊成本、收益和概率信息的处理过程。利用行为经济学的启发式理论、前景理论和时间偏好理论,系统性地分析了国有企业高管职务舞弊决策信息的心理加工过程,从而为本文的核心研究问题——"相关心理因素对于国有企业高管职务舞弊行为的作用机理",提供合理的分析框架。其次,基于行为经济学现有的研究框架,本文提取了对舞弊决策过程具有重要影响的心理因素,分别是过度自信、时间偏好和风险偏好。利用职务舞弊决策信息的心理加工过程,分析了上述相关心理因素对于国有企业高管职务舞弊行为的作用机理,并基于国有企业特殊的控制权安排和激励契约,构建了国有企业高管职务舞弊的情景模拟实验,检验了心理因素作用机理的有效性。进一步,本文构建了职务舞弊的经济计量模型,进行了心理因素与国有企业高管职务舞弊行为相关关系的稳定性检验,并进一步探究了在同一行为主体下,心理因素对国有企业高管职务舞弊倾向影响程度的差异性,以及同一心理因素在不同行为主体之间影响程度的差异性,作为国有企业高管职务舞弊控制策略的基础保证。最后,基于我国经济转型的内在要求和国有企业高管的职务特征,将心理因素的作用机理嵌入到反舞弊机制之中,从激励机制、监督机制和惩处机制三个维度,提出了有限理性下的国有企业高管职务舞弊控制策略,使得反舞弊机制的作用深度拓展至舞弊行为主体决策信息的心理加工层面,利用心理因素的"杠杆乘数"效应有效地抑制国有企业高管的职务舞弊行为。文章的具体章节设计如下:第1章,绪论。主要论述了文章的研究背景、研究意义、研究目标、研究内容、技术路线和研究方法;第2章,文献综述。按照研究变量的不同,从宏观——中观——微观的视角,理清了高管职务舞弊的研究现状。第3章,相关概念界定及理论基础。对国有企业高管、国有企业高管职务舞弊、职务舞弊信息等概念的内涵进行了界定,并介绍了信息加工理论、启发式理论、前景理论和时间偏好理论的具体内容,为后文的理论推导奠定了坚实的理论基础。第4章,职务舞弊决策分析框架的构建及相关心理因素的提取。利用行为经济学的启发式理论、前景理论和时间偏好理论,系统性分析了国有企业高管职务舞弊决策信息的心理加工过程,以此构建了有限理性下的职务舞弊决策分析框架。进一步,基于行为经济学现有的研究框架,提取了对信息加工过程具有重要影响的关键心理因素。第5章,国有企业高管职务舞弊心理因素的作用机理研究。利用职务舞弊决策信息的心理加工过程,分析了心理因素对国有企业高管职务舞弊行为的作用机理,并提出了相关的研究假设。第6章,国有企业高管职务舞弊心理因素作用机理的实验检验。设计了国有企业高管职务舞弊的情景模拟实验,检验了心理因素职务舞弊作用机理的有效性。第7章,国有企业高管职务舞弊心理因素作用机理的经济计量检验。利用经济计量方法,进行了心理因素职务舞弊作用机理的稳定性检验,在此基础之上,分析了过度自信、时间偏好和风险偏好等心理因素影响程度的差异性。第8章,国有企业高管职务舞弊行为的控制策略研究。基于我国经济转型的内在要求和国有企业高管的职务特征,从激励机制、监督机制和惩处机制三个维度,提出了有限理性下的国有企业高管职务舞弊的控制策略。第9章,研究结论及展望。简要总结了本文的研究结论,并提出了本文研究的不足以及未来可能的研究方向。心理因素舞弊作用机理的实验研究部分得出如下结论:结论一:过度自信会对职务舞弊行为产生信息收集约束。过度自信程度高的被试,职务舞弊倾向要显著大于过度自信程度低的被试;对于过度自信程度高的被试,负面的预期后悔情绪会显著抑制其舞弊决策中的过度自信程度,从而降低其职务舞弊倾向;对于过度自信程度低的被试,正面的预期后悔情绪会显著提高其舞弊决策中的过度自信程度,从而增强其职务舞弊倾向;与个体决策模式相比,群体决策模式会显著提高被试的过度自信程度,从而增强其职务舞弊倾向。结论二:时间偏好会对职务舞弊行为产生时间编辑约束。在舞弊成本和舞弊收益存在时间距离的前提下,时间偏好差异程度高的被试,职务舞弊倾向要显著大于时间偏好差异程度低的被试;时间偏好差异程度相同的被试,舞弊收益与舞弊成本时间距离的不同,会使其职务舞弊倾向产生显著性差异。结论三:风险偏好会对职务舞弊行为产生效用评价约束。在高风险状态下,风险偏好程度高的被试,职务舞弊倾向要显著大于风险偏好程度低的被试。风险偏好与行为主体的人格特质存在一定的相关关系,不同风险偏好程度的被试,在开放性特质和严谨性特质方面存在显著性差异,而外倾性特质、神经质特质和宜人性特质并没有表现出明显的差异性。进一步,高开放性特质被试的职务舞弊倾向要显著大于低开放性特质被试,高严谨性特质被试的职务舞弊倾向要显著小于低严谨性特质被试。结论四:决策框架和决策参照点的不同会改变行为主体的风险偏好程度,进而影响到行为主体的职务舞弊倾向。对于初始风险偏好程度相同的被试,基于参照点相同数量的状态变动,处于损失区间的被试,其职务舞弊倾向要显著大于利得区间的被试;随着决策参照点的变化,当决策框架由利得框架转变为损失框架时,与决策框架保持恒定的情况相比,即使面对相同的成本收益条件,被试的职务舞弊倾向也同样存在显著性差异。结论五:决策情绪会影响到行为主体的风险偏好程度,进而作用于行为主体的职务舞弊倾向。愤怒、愉悦情绪状态下的被试,其职务舞弊倾向要显著大于恐惧情绪状态下的被试。而愤怒情绪状态下的被试,其职务舞弊倾向与愉悦状态下的被试相比,不存在显著性差异。心理因素舞弊作用机理的经济计量研究部分得出如下结论:结论一:不同心理因素对于同一行为主体职务舞弊倾向的影响程度存在显著性差异。本文分别利用了学生样本、国有企业高管样本和总样本对心理因素与职务舞弊倾向的相关关系进行了回归分析。三个样本的回归结果均表明:过度自信、风险偏好和宗教信仰与职务舞弊倾向存在显著的相关关系,对于职务舞弊倾向的影响程度由强到弱依次为:宗教信仰、过度自信和风险偏好。而在人格特质方面,五大人格特质与职务舞弊倾向的相关关系比较稳定,其中,开放性特质、严谨性特质与职务舞弊倾向存在显著的相关关系,且严谨性特质与职务舞弊倾向的相关关系要大于开放性特质,而外倾性特质、神经质特质和宜人性特质没有通过显著性检验。结论二:同一心理因素在不同职务舞弊倾向主体之间,影响程度存在显著性差异。过度自信和风险偏好对于行为主体舞弊倾向的影响程度,高舞弊倾向主体要显著大于低舞弊倾向主体。开放性特质和严谨性特质对于行为主体职务舞弊倾向的影响程度,在不同行为主体之间也存在显著性差异。开放性特质对于行为主体职务舞弊倾向的影响程度,高舞弊倾向主体要大于低舞弊倾向主体,而严谨性特质对于行为主体职务舞弊倾向的影响程度,低舞弊倾向主体要大于高舞弊倾向主体。但是,宗教信仰对于行为主体职务舞弊倾向的抑制作用在不同舞弊倾向主体之间不存在显著性差异。结论三:心理因素与职务舞弊倾向的相关关系,以及心理因素对于职务舞弊倾向的影响程度,在学生群体和高管群体之间不存在显著性差异。这就在一定程度上证明了,在实验研究阶段,运用学生群体去检验心理因素对于国有企业高管职务舞弊倾向的作用机理,并不会因为群体属性的不同而对研究结论产生系统性的影响。文章的可能创新主要体现在以下三个方面:第一,基于有限理性的成本收益分析框架,探究了心理因素对于国有企业高管职务舞弊行为的作用机理。以往有关国有企业高管职务舞弊心理因素方面的研究,更多的是考虑心理因素对于高管日常企业经营决策的负面影响,认为这种负面的经济结果最终诱发了高管的职务舞弊行为。但是,这种研究思路属于间接法,无法从本质上说明心理因素对于国有企业高管职务舞弊行为的作用机理。基于此,本文在行为经济学的视角下,通过对职务舞弊决策信息心理加工过程的分析,构建了有限理性下的成本收益分析框架,以此为基础,直接探究心理影响因素对于国有企业高管职务舞弊行为的作用机理。第二,尝试性地将实验方法和经济计量方法相结合,检验心理因素作用机理的有效性。开拓性地引入实验方法,基于国有企业的制度环境和国有企业高管的激励机制,构建了职务舞弊情景模拟实验,在情景模拟实验中获取一手数据,检验了心理因素对于国有企业高管职务舞弊行为作用机理的有效性,克服了传统经济计量方法因经验数据误差所引发的研究局限性;同时,利用调查问卷的方法,开展实地调研,基于调查问卷所获取的一手数据,检验实验研究结论的稳定性。通过实验研究和经济计量研究的相互作证,保证理论分析的可靠性。第三,探索性地将微观心理基础与控制手段相结合,提出有限理性下的职务舞弊控制策略。明确了国有企业高管职务舞弊控制策略的微观心理基础,基于职务舞弊行为的决策流程即:信息收集阶段、信息编辑阶段和信息评价阶段,将心理因素与控制手段(激励机制、监管机制、惩处机制)有机地结合在一起,尝试性地提出了有限理性下的国有企业高管职务舞弊的控制策略,以此修正了原有制度人性化的缺失。
[Abstract]:Occupational fraud behavior of executives of state-owned enterprises abuse, not only caused a huge loss of state assets, seriously restrict the efficiency of market reform of state-owned enterprises, but also because of the demonstration effect of the state-owned enterprise executives, will affect other members of the internal system of normal development, cause the enterprise occupational fraud behavior. The job frauds of executives in state-owned enterprises can be regarded as economic actions under the joint action of psychological factors and external factors. The external factors can also be integrated into cost information, income information and probability information. Psychological factors are the internal causes of behavior, how to influence the behavior of the process will produce system, thus to explore the formation mechanism of state-owned enterprise executives occupational fraud, is required in a unified framework, clear under the influence of psychological factors, characteristics and rules of state-owned enterprise executives and external factors. In other words, more reasonable explanation of occputational fraud behavior of the state-owned enterprise executives need to meet two conditions: first, the psychological factors and external factors as a whole to explain the position of fraud of executives of state-owned enterprises; second, construct the analysis framework can be psychological factors and external factors together. Behavioral economics is the combination of traditional economics and cognitive psychology. Based on the hypothesis of bounded rationality, the psychological factors are incorporated into the analytical framework of economic behavior, focusing on the mechanism of psychological factors on economic behavior. From the point of view of discipline, behavioral economics is the historical continuity and evolution of traditional economics. It does not exclude traditional economics from its theoretical system, but negates its theoretical logic. Behavioral economics still regards cost-benefit analysis as a basic logic analysis method. Based on this, it analyzes the economic behavior of actors, and tries to explore the comprehensive mechanism of influencing factors under the unified logic framework (condition two). Secondly, behavioral economics also investigates the influence of psychological factors on economic behavior on the basis of external factors, revising and expanding the existing principles of economics, and improving the realistic explanatory power of economic models. Through the above analysis we can see that behavioral economics can provide a unified framework for the analysis of economic behavior, but also the comprehensive effect of external factors and psychological factors on under the framework of the mechanism, so it can effectively explain and predict the behavior of the main economic behavior. Based on the above considerations, this paper, based on the perspective of behavioral economics, explores the formation mechanism and corresponding control strategies of the fraudulent behavior of senior executives in state-owned enterprises. However, behavioral economics is not the same as traditional game theory. It provides a more operable cost-benefit analysis framework to analyze job frauds and related influencing factors of executives in state-owned enterprises. Therefore, this paper based on the cognitive psychology and information processing theory, the cognitive psychology of "information processing framework" and "economics cost benefit framework integration, the cost of fraud decision-making under bounded rationality analysis process, into the psychological process of fraud decision-making information, namely in the process under the influence of psychological factors the costs and benefits of fraud behavior and probability information. The use of behavioral economics theory, prospect theory and heuristic time preference theory, systematically analyzes the psychological process of executive positions of fraud decision-making information of state-owned enterprises, which is the core of this research, related psychological factors for mechanism of state-owned enterprise executives service fraud, provide a reasonable analysis framework. Secondly, based on the existing research framework of behavioral economics, this paper extracts psychological factors which have important influence on fraud decision-making process, namely, overconfidence, time preference and risk preference. The use of psychological processing occputational fraud decision-making information, analyzes the mechanism of the psychological factors related to state-owned enterprise executives occupational fraud behavior, and based on the special state-owned enterprises control rights arrangement and incentive contract, the construction of state-owned enterprise executives occupational fraud scene simulation experiment to test the validity of the mechanism of psychological factors. Further, this paper constructs the econometric model of occupational fraud, the stability tests the correlation between psychological factors and state-owned enterprise executives occupational fraud behavior, and further explores the same behavior, psychological factors influence on the tendency of state-owned enterprise executives occupational fraud degree difference, and the same psychological factors influence difference in between the different actors, as the basis of state-owned enterprise executives occupational fraud control strategy guarantee. Finally, job characteristics inherent requirement of China's economic restructuring and state-owned enterprise executives based on the embedding mechanism of psychological factors to the anti fraud mechanism, from the three dimensions of the incentive mechanism, supervision mechanism and punishment mechanism, the state-owned enterprise executives occupational fraud limited rational control strategy, the level of psychological processing depth. To expand the fraud decision-making information anti fraud mechanism, the psychological factors of "leverage multiplier" effect effectively restrain the state-owned enterprise executives occupational fraud behavior. The specific section of the article is designed as follows: the first chapter, the introduction. This paper mainly discusses the research background, research significance, research objectives, research content, technical route and research methods; the second chapter, literature review. According to the different research variables, the research status of executive fraud is clarified from the macro - meso - micro perspective. The third chapter, the definition of related concepts and the theoretical basis. This paper defines the connotation of the concepts such as the executive fraud of the state-owned enterprises, the official fraud of the state-owned enterprises and the information of the job fraud, and introduces the information processing.
【学位授予单位】:东北财经大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:F069.9;F276.1;F272.91
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本文编号:1339786
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