郑州沿黄旅游区土地利用变化及其生态环境效应评价研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 14:42

本文关键词：郑州沿黄旅游区土地利用变化及其生态环境效应评价研究　出处：《河南大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济新常态下,大众旅游时代已经来临,旅游用地作为旅游供给侧的基础平台,其改革和发展关乎我国未来旅游事业的成败,对其研究意义重大。沿黄旅游区作为生态涵养、传承文明和旅游开发的重要载体,当前面临着生态保护和旅游开发的矛盾,面临着旅游发展转型的困境,如何处理好沿黄旅游区土地利用与生态保护的关系,亟需合理的空间表达和发展模式。国土资源部、住房和城乡建设部、国家旅游局联合印发了《关于支持旅游业发展用地政策的意见(国土资规〔2015〕10号)》中更是强调“按照资源和生态保护、节约集约用地原则”安排旅游用地。在此背景下,从微观的“旅游区”角度探讨旅游用地问题具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于上述研究背景,本研究在文献综述、理论梳理的基础上,依据国内外旅游、生态和土地利用相关理论,遵循“格局-过程-机理”的地理学经典研究范式,以郑州沿黄旅游区为典型案例区,依托RS、GIS等技术手段与分析方法,以郑州沿黄旅游区土地利用时空变化过程及生态环境效应为主线,采用文献分析法、社会调查法、数理统计方法、模型模拟方法等,对郑州沿黄旅游区近15年土地利用变化及其生态环境效应开展研究,旨在厘清郑州沿黄旅游区发展与土地利用的互动关系,分析郑州沿黄型旅游区土地利用变化的特征与机制,评价生态环境面临的风险,在此基础上,结合新型城镇化建设的宏观趋势和现实要求,探寻优化郑州沿黄旅游区用地系统的路径,形成适合沿黄旅游区发展的土地利用模式,推动旅游再造黄河之美,从而达到促进沿黄旅游区土地生态系统可持续发展的研究愿景。取得以下主要研究成果:(1)梳理了沿黄旅游区土地利用变化的特征。研究发现:15年来,研究区土地利用变化较大。一是土地利用数量结构变化明显。主要可用“一扩三减五增”来概括,即旅游区内建成区面积扩张迅速,但耕地、水域用地及其他用地比例逐渐减少,而林地、风景点游赏用地、城镇建设用地、村庄用地及交通运输用地比例逐渐增加。二是土地利用的速度强度变化明显。研究区正处于土地利用的发展期,各地类都发生了不同程度的变化,从时间序列看,前期土地利用变化强度较于后期表现的更为剧烈,特别是交通运输用地、林地、村庄用地、城镇建设用地、风景点游赏用地成为增减幅度和变化强度较大的用地类型。三是土地利用变化空间分异明显。从主要地类演化来看。耕地呈现出由区域全覆盖向中部收缩的趋势;林地变化呈现出“填充式”带状扩展的状态;风景游赏用地由中部向东西延伸,逐渐形成“一体两翼”的格局;水域用地由条带状和网络状水系逐渐演变为碎片化零星分布;城镇建设及村庄用地由零星分散状向“大集中、小集聚”过度。四是土地利用功能变化明显。旅游产业发展使旅游区用地类型由结构简单的耕地、林地、村庄用地等向综合旅游服务主导的多样化用地类型转变,同时农用地、城镇及村庄建设用地的旅游化,改变着当地人们的生产生活方式,使其逐渐实现由农民到商人、由农村到旅游社区的转化。五是建成区面积持续增加,扩张速率不断增强,空间紧凑度逐渐提高,前期主要是往偏东部、东南方向扩张,后期转移向西和西北方向扩展,反映出15年来研究区不断被开发和建设的深刻社会变迁。(2)预测了沿黄旅游区未来土地利用的变化。本研究运用马尔柯夫模型对研究区未来土地利用变化进行预测,发现该区建设用地将持续增加,耕地面积呈小幅度增加趋势,但林地及水域用地面积不断下降。未来林地及水域用地保护任务尤为突出。(3)总结了沿黄旅游区土地利用变化的驱动因子与机理。本文认为研究区土地利用格局演变主要是政府政策、人口增加、旅游经济发展、资源因素、城镇化进程、自然环境等多种内外因素相互作用的结果。研究区用地空间格局演化经历缓慢发展期、快速变动期和转型升级期三个时段,完成了从资源驱动向市场驱动、由市场驱动向政策驱动转化的旅游引导城镇化过程。(4)综合评价了沿黄旅游区土地利用变化所引起的生态效应。该旅游区经过15年的开发,土地利用强度增加,生态治理得到加强,和过去相比整体功能和环境得到了一定的提升,但旅游导向的土地开发也带来地区人类活动强度增大和旅游产业的集聚,从而导致垃圾废物堆积、大气及水污染增加、滩涂湿地遭到蚕食、局部地区自然景观破坏和环境脆弱等生态响应,生态环境质量提高的空间还很大。研究发现“以旅游养生态,用生态促旅游”是促进沿黄区可持续发展的一条路径。旅游驱动下的地域开发,可能会对区域局部生态环境带来负面的影响,而在整体上会推动旅游区生态格局与功能的优化。旅游业快速发展可能在短时间会对区域土地利用及生态环境带来负效应,但从长远看会对区域土地利用优化、改善区域生态环境有一定的积极影响。(5)提出了沿黄旅游区土地利用可持续发展的对策。针对研究区土地生态利用中存在的问题,本文提出“五大土地利用功能区”、“生态导向型土地开发模式(eold)”、“发展生态旅游”等多项促进其可持续发展的对策。本研究的主要贡献为:(1)较早对沿黄旅游区土地利用变化及其生态环境效应进行系统研究,推动土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)研究向更细致、更广泛的领域深入。(2)揭示了研究区土地利用过程中引发的生态环境问题,提出了生态导向型土地开发模式(EOLD)。(3)将研究聚焦在城市发展与旅游区发展互动上,揭示出沿黄旅游区发展时空变化的动态性和复杂性。
[Abstract]:Under the new normal economic era, the era of mass tourism has arrived. As the basic platform of the tourism supply side, the reform and development of tourism land is related to the success or failure of our future tourism industry, which is significant for its research. Along the Yellow River tourist area as an important carrier of ecological conservation, heritage of civilization and tourism development, currently facing the contradiction between ecological protection and tourism development, tourism development is facing the dilemma of transition, how to deal with the relationship between ecological protection along the land use yellow tourist areas in need of proper spatial expression and mode of development. The Ministry of land, housing and urban construction department, the National Tourism Bureau jointly issued "on the support for the development of tourism industry policy advice (MLR regulations 2015 No. 10)" is more emphasized "in accordance with the resources and ecological protection, land saving and intensive use of tourism land arrangement principle". In this context, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the problem of tourist land from the micro "tourist area" angle. Based on the above research background, the research based on literature review and theory on the basis of domestic and international tourism, ecology and land use theory, follow the pattern of "the process mechanism of the classical paradigm of geography, along the Yellow River in Zhengzhou tourist area as a typical case, relying on RS, GIS and other technical means and analysis in the method, process and effect of ecological environment along the Zhengzhou land use change yellow tourism area as the main line, using the literature analysis method, social investigation method, mathematical statistics method, model simulation method, the change and its ecological effect along the Yellow River in Zhengzhou Tourism District in recent 15 years of soil research, aims to clarify the development of Zhengzhou along the Yellow River tourism area and land use relationship analysis along the change characteristics and mechanism of land use types in Zhengzhou Tourism District Huang, risk evaluation of the ecological environment, on the basis of this, combined with the new town The macro trend of construction and practical requirements, to explore the optimization of Zhengzhou along the Yellow River tourist area with the path of the system, forming a pattern of land use along the development of yellow tourist areas, promote the tourism reconstruction of the beauty of the Yellow River, so as to promote the research vision of sustainable development of land along the Yellow tourism ecosystem. The following main research results are obtained: (1) the characteristics of land use change in the tourist area along the Yellow River are combed. It is found that the land use changes in the research area have changed considerably in the past 15 years. First, the changes in the quantity structure of land use are obvious. Mainly used "a diffuser three minus five by" to summarize, the tourist area of the built-up area expanded rapidly, but the arable land, water land and other land ratio decreased gradually, while tourism scenic spots, forest land, urban construction land, village land use proportion of land and transportation gradually increased. Two, the speed and intensity change of land use is obvious. The study area is in the development period of land use, the change in different degree, from the time series, the intensity of land use change compared to the later period is more severe, especially land, forest, village transportation land, urban construction, tourism attractions with wind become changes and the change of intensity of the larger land types. Three, the spatial differentiation of land use change is obvious. From the main evolution of the class. Land emerged from the full coverage of the area to the central contraction trend; woodland change presents "infill" band expanded state; scenic spots from the middle to the East and West extension, has gradually formed a "two wings" pattern; water land by the strip and network shape gradually evolved into fragmented scattered towns; and the construction of the village land from scattered to the "small concentration, excessive agglomeration. Four, the change of land use function is obvious. The diversification of tourism industry development tourism so that the land use types by the simple structure of the cultivated land, forest land, the village land to the comprehensive tourism service dominant land type change, at the same time, agricultural land, urban and rural construction land tourism, changing the local people's production and life style, which gradually realized by farmers into businessmen, from the countryside to the tourist community. The five is the built-up area continued to increase, the expansion rate is increasing, the spatial compactness gradually increased, mainly to East and southeast direction of expansion, the late transfer of West and northwest direction, reflecting 15 years of study area has been profound social development and construction of the change. (2) the change of land use in the future of the tourist area along the Yellow River is predicted. In this study, the Malco J model is used to predict the future land use change in the study area. It is found that the construction land will continue to increase, and the arable land area will increase slightly. However, the area of woodland and water area will continue to decrease. The future land protection task of woodland and water area is particularly prominent. (3) the driving factors and mechanism of land use change in the tourist area along the Yellow River are summarized. This paper argues that the evolution of land use pattern in the study area is mainly due to the interaction of various internal and external factors such as government policies, population growth, tourism economic development, resource factors, urbanization process and natural environment. The spatial pattern evolution of land use experienced three periods: slow development stage, rapid change stage and transformation upgrading stage, and completed the process of tourism guided urbanization from resource driven to market driven and market driven to policy driven. (4) the ecological effects of land use change in the tourist area along the Yellow River are evaluated comprehensively. The tourist area after 15 years of development, increase the intensity of land use, ecological management has been strengthened, the overall function and environment than in the past and improved, but the land development orientation of tourism also brings agglomeration intensity of human activities increases and the area of the tourism industry, which leads to accumulation of waste, air pollution and water pollution increase and beaches wetlands have been eroded, damage to the natural landscape and ecological environment of local area and fragile ecological environment and improve the quality of response.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F592.7;X826

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