青海湖国家地质公园及邻区景观资源、环境评价及可持续发展

发布时间：2017-12-28 18:42

本文关键词：青海湖国家地质公园及邻区景观资源、环境评价及可持续发展　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：青海湖国家地质公园位于青藏高原东北缘的青海省境内,其不仅具有复杂多样的景观资源,而且具有重要的生态地位,是青海省的龙头景区。因青海湖特殊的生态环境、生物多样性以及地球演化记录证据,使得青海湖成为科学研究的热点区域。但从地质公园角度对于青海湖的研究较少,缺乏地质公园可持续发展的系统研究。本研究综合应用地质学、生态学、地理学、旅游学等相关学科理论知识,采用文献分析法、遥感分析法、比较分析法、专家打分法、问卷调查法、层次分析法等研究方法,将资源、环境及可持续发展理念应用到地质公园可持续发展研究领域,从景观资源评价、生态环境现状及问题、地质公园生态服务功能、旅游发展、社区发展方面对青海湖国家地质公园的可持续发展进行了系统的研究。论文取得的主要研究成果如下:1、青海湖国家地质公园具有典型多样的地质遗迹景观资源,集湖泊、河流、湿地、沙漠景观于一体,同时具有丰富的生物、历史、民俗、宗教、军事、节庆文化景观资源。经比较分析,青海湖景观资源优势突出,组合优势明显。经定量评价,按类型,湖泊、生物、沙漠、历史文化景观资源得分在8.5分以上,为优质特色景观资源;按园区,景观资源得分从高到低依次为鸟岛园区、二郎剑园区、沙岛园区和仙女湾园区。2、根据2000—2015年遥感数据分析,青海湖国家地质公园生态环境整体在转好,但环境问题依然严峻,局部生态环境仍较脆弱,局部地区沙化严重,旅游发展等人类活动对环境的负面影响和威胁在加重。3、将生态服务功能与地质公园建设结合,构建了青海湖国家地质公园生态服务功能评价体系。经评价,青海湖国家地质公园的生态服务功能值为4.2772分,各项功能从高到低依次为:环境调节功能2.0073分,地质遗迹及生态保护功能1.2588分,科学研究及科普教育功能0.4393分,旅游功能0.3148分,经济功能0.1679分,物质生产功能0.0891分。在发挥科普教育功能、旅游功能、经济功能方面还有很大的发展空间,需要进一步优化和提升。4、基于人地关系系统理论,结合青海湖地质公园的人地矛盾关系、“人与人”矛盾关系分析,提出了景观资源及生态环境保护、旅游发展、社区发展三要素共同协调发展的可持续发展模式(PTC模式)。提出了景观资源、生态环境保护的措施。基于游客问卷调研,提出旅游发展的措施:拓展客源市场,加强景区营销;开发多元旅游产品;加强游客的生态环境教育和引导;加强基础服务设施和解说系统建设。基于社区居民问卷调研,提出加强社区居民参与旅游制度建设,大力发展“前店后园”的度假庄园型乡村旅游和民俗文化体验型乡村旅游。
[Abstract]:Qinghai Lake National Geopark is located in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in Qinghai province. It not only has complex and diverse landscape resources, but also has important ecological status, and is a leading scenic spot in Qinghai province. Because of the special ecological environment, biodiversity and earth evolution records of Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Lake has become a hot area of scientific research. However, there are few studies on the Qinghai Lake from the perspective of geopark and lack of systematic research on the sustainable development of geoparks. The comprehensive application of the study of geology, ecology, geography, tourism science and other related disciplines, using literature analysis, remote sensing analysis method, comparative analysis method, Delphi method, questionnaire survey method, AHP method and other research methods, resources, environment and sustainable development concept applied to the geological park sustainable development research, from comprehensive evaluation of landscape resources, ecological environment, status quo and problems of geological park ecosystem services, tourism development, community development of the Qinghai Lake National Geopark of sustainable development were studied. The main research achievements of this paper are as follows: 1, the Qinghai Lake National Geopark is a typical variety of geological heritage landscape resources, in lakes and rivers, wetland, desert landscape in one, at the same time, it has rich biological history, folklore, religion, military, festivals and cultural landscape resources. Through comparison and analysis, Qinghai Lake landscape resources have prominent advantages, and the combination advantage is obvious. By quantitative evaluation, according to the type, lakes, deserts, biological, historical and cultural landscape resources scored above 8.5, for the quality of landscape resources; according to the park, the landscape resources score from high to low is the Bird Island Park, park, Island Park and Jiro Sword Fairy Bay park. 2, according to the analysis of remote sensing data from 2000 to 2015, the ecological environment of Qinghai Lake National Geopark overall is improving, but the environmental situation is still grim, the local ecological environment is still relatively fragile, local desertification, tourism development and other negative effects of human activities on the environment and the threat of increased. 3. Combining the ecological service function with the construction of geopark, the evaluation system of ecological service function of Qinghai Lake National Geopark was constructed. After evaluation, the Qinghai Lake National Geopark ecological service function value is 4.2772, the function from high to low are: environmental regulation 2.0073, geological relics and ecological protection function 1.2588, scientific research and science education function of 0.4393 points, 0.3148 points of tourism function, the economic function of 0.1679 points, 0.0891 points of material production function. There is still a lot of space to develop the function of popular science education, tourism and economic function, and it needs to be further optimized and promoted. 4, based on the theory of human land relationship system, combined with the Qinghai Lake geological park is the contradiction between people and land, the relationship between "human and human" contradiction analysis, put forward the sustainable development pattern of landscape resources and ecological environment protection, tourism development, community development and coordinated development of the three elements in common (PTC mode). The measures for the protection of landscape resources and ecological environment were put forward. Based on the survey of tourists, this paper puts forward the measures of tourism development: expanding the tourist market, strengthening the marketing of scenic spots, developing diversified tourism products, strengthening the education and guidance of tourists' eco-environment, and strengthening the construction of basic service facilities and commentary system. Based on the questionnaire survey of community residents, put forward to strengthen community participation in tourism system construction, vigorously develop the "front shop backyard" holiday manor rural tourism and rural tourism folk culture experience.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F592.7

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