新疆棉花秸秆资源化的潜力研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 21:26

本文关键词：新疆棉花秸秆资源化的潜力研究　出处：《新疆农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：资源与环境问题是当前世界关注的焦点之一,利用有限的资源、不以破坏环境为代价实现经济、社会、生态的可持续发展是众多国家、尤其是发展中国家所面临的重要议题。在循环经济体系中,资源的可持续利用和可持续产出是循环经济是否能健康、快速发展的关键,同时是发展中国家实现资源友好化发展的关键节点。棉花秸秆作为一种可再生资源早已获得认可,对其利用问题众多学者也已进行了大量探讨。自上世纪90年代起,中国棉花种植空间布局的重心逐渐转移到了西北地区,新疆作为中国棉花主产区之一,其副产品棉花秸秆的数量是相对稳定而庞大的,作为一般农业废弃物,其处理过程中碳的排放不可小觑。但是,若将数量庞大的棉花秸秆赋予其资源属性,无疑在减少碳排放的同时,对于当地的社会、经济和生态都会产生正面的影响。由于区域内社会、经济、文化的差异性,棉花秸秆资源化程度不尽相同,在棉花秸秆利用过程中,不同的利用模式对自然、社会、经济、生态效益均有影响,而针对区域内棉花秸秆资源化潜力的评价研究相对匮乏,未能形成成熟的潜力判别体系。本研究基于前人对秸秆资源化的研究成果,以新疆作为研究区域,在综合整理了现阶段棉花秸秆利用技术的基础上,以可持续发展理论、土地报酬递减规律、生态经济学原理、扎根理论作为理论依据,通过质性研究方法,对新疆棉花秸秆资源化现状进行了描述和归纳,不仅运用因子分析法,构建了基于SWOT的评价指标体系对其潜力进行分析,同时从生物质角度,基于面板数据,展开对新疆棉花秸秆资源化潜力的分析。文本亦从棉花秸秆资源化潜力内部、外部影响因素角度出发,对二者协调耦合发展与棉花秸秆资源化潜力关系做了相应论述。通过对其潜力的一系列相关基础数据的质性分析和量化分析,发现新疆棉花秸秆资源化潜力的地区差异与变化趋势,通过分析新疆不同地区棉花秸秆资源化中存在的问题,结合棉花秸秆资源化潜力地区差异性分析结果,提出了十种新疆棉花秸秆资源化利用的发展模式,并有针对性的对不同地区所适宜采纳的模式做了相应分析,进而实现新疆棉花秸秆资源化的科学、高效、有序发展。结果表明:第一,新疆农业基础较好,但种植业与畜牧业尚未达到高阶协调发展阶段,而棉花秸秆资源化重要出路之一即对棉花秸秆的饲料化应用,因此,种植业与畜牧业协调发展程度也在一定程度上影响了棉花秸秆资源化潜力的发挥;第二,新疆棉花资源化潜力较大,但利用程度有限且棉花种植区域集中程度较弱;第三,棉花秸秆资源化实现技术种类较多,但其现实生产力转化率较低;第四,社会对棉花秸秆资源利用意愿较强,但缺乏市场平台、观念以及政策支持。根据结论,结合新疆实际,分别从循环农业角度和棉花秸秆资源化潜力开发角度提出了对策建议:1、确保农业资源和农业经济实现内部协调化发展;2、加强政策引导,推广先进科学种养技术,发展可持续农业;3、加快地区农业转型步伐,降低农业资源依赖度;4、着重培育棉花秸秆产业链建设;5、调整农业产业结构,发展循环农业;6、合理、高效配置棉花秸秆资源,增加耕地单位产出;7、增大教育宣传力度,加强市场各端环保意识建设。旨在通过宏观性政策的调控,力求加快新疆棉花秸秆资源化进程,进而实现棉花秸秆由农作物废弃物向农业可再生资源的转变。
[Abstract]:The problem of resources and environment is one of the focuses of the current world. It is an important issue for many countries, especially developing countries, to realize sustainable development of economy, society and ecology with limited resources and without destroying the environment. In the circular economy system, the sustainable utilization and sustainable output of resources is the key to the healthy and rapid development of circular economy. It is also the key node for developing countries to achieve resource friendly development. As a renewable resource, cotton straw has already been recognized, and many scholars have made a great deal of discussion on the utilization of cotton straw. Since the last century since 90s, the focus of planting space layout of cotton Chinese gradually transferred to the northwest, Xinjiang as one of the main cotton producing areas China, quantity of the by-product of cotton straw is relatively stable and large, as a general agricultural waste, emissions of carbon in the process should not be overlooked. However, if a large number of cotton stalks are given their resource attributes, they will undoubtedly reduce carbon emissions and have a positive impact on the local society, economy and ecology. Because of the difference of social, economic and cultural areas, straw resources are not the same degree of cotton, cotton straw in the process, the effect of different models on the natural, social, economic and ecological benefits of both, and to evaluate the regional cotton straw resource potential research is relatively scarce, failed to form a mature potential identification system. This study is based on the previous research achievements of straw resources, taking Xinjiang as the study area, on the basis of present comprehensive finishing technology of cotton straw utilization, the sustainable development theory, the law of diminishing land returns, the principle of ecological economics, the grounded theory as the theoretical basis, through the qualitative research method, described and summarized on the status quo of Xinjiang cotton straw resources, not only by the method of factor analysis, constructs the evaluation index system of SWOT based on the analysis of the potential at the same time, from the perspective of biomass, based on panel data to analyze the straw resources potential of cotton in Xinjiang. From the perspective of internal and external influence factors of cotton stalk resource potential, the text also discussed the relationship between the two coordinative coupling development and cotton stalk resource potential. Through qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of a series of related data on the basis of their potential, found the differences and changes of cotton straw resource potential in Xinjiang area through the analysis of the existing trend in different areas of Xinjiang cotton straw utilization problems in the combination of differences in cotton straw resource potential analysis results, put forward ten kinds of development Xinjiang cotton straw resource utilization, and targeted to different regions to adopt suitable pattern has made the corresponding analysis, and then realize the Xinjiang cotton straw resources scientific, efficient and orderly development. The results show that: first, Xinjiang good agricultural base, but farming and animal husbandry has not yet reached the high order coordinated development stage, and the cotton straw resources is one of the important way to feed on cotton straw application, therefore, the degree of coordinated development of farming and animal husbandry also affected the straw utilization potential of cotton to play in a certain degree on the second, Xinjiang cotton; potential resource is large, but the utilization rate is limited and the region of cotton planting concentration is weak; third, realize many kinds of technology of cotton straw resources, but the real productivity of low conversion; fourth, the society of cotton straw resource utilization will strong, but the lack of market platform, concept and policy support. According to the conclusion, combined with the actual Xinjiang, respectively, from the circulation agriculture angle and cotton straw resources potential development perspective and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions: 1, to ensure that agricultural resources and agricultural economy to achieve internal coordination development; 2, strengthen policy guidance, the promotion of advanced science and technology, agricultural sustainable development; 3, accelerate the pace of transformation of agricultural area, reduce the agricultural resource dependence; 4, foster the construction industry chain of straw cotton; 5, the adjustment of agricultural structure, the development of circular agriculture; 6, rational and efficient allocation of resources of cotton stalks, increasing cultivated land per unit of output; 7, increase education propaganda, strengthen the environmental awareness of the construction market each end. The aim is to speed up the process of cotton stalk recycling in Xinjiang through macro regulation and control policy, and then achieve the transformation of cotton stalk from crop waste to agricultural renewable resources.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.214

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