三因子理论框架下中小企业成长规律研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 21:05

本文关键词：三因子理论框架下中小企业成长规律研究　出处：《湘潭大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：不少企业研究者认为,中小企业搞得好不好,取决于它的资金、技术、人才、市场状况和它内部的管理水平,于是从这几方面展开研究。笔者认为企业资源获得与管理水平还是现象层面的问题,它不能解释为什么有的企业能够获得较多的资金、技术、人才、市场资源,有的企业却严重缺乏资源,它也不能解释为什么有的企业管理水平高,有的企业管理水平低。要回答这个问题,就不能停留在资源和管理现象层面,而要深入到企业运行的最深层面,寻找决定企业生存成长状况的根本原因。因此,本文不从资源和管理角度研究中小企业,而是从企业兴衰根源的角度研究中小企业。笔者经过深入的企业调研和理论研究,提出了研究企业的一个新的理论框架:企业的生存成长状况决定于三个根本性的影响因子:企业内在基因、外部经济生态和企业营运方略。本文就是以三因子研究框架为轴心展开研究的。本文深入研究了企业基因,但没有像多数企业基因研究者那样,把生物学上的基因概念(基因、DNA、碱基对、基因复制、基因变异)往各种企业事物上联系,作牵强附会的比照性研究,而是从企业运行层面和实用的角度,把基因概念和企业营运中的实际事物、实际问题连接起来,得出有利于促进基因优化、实现自我强健的可操作的实用性结论。本文之“要”——核心内容和主要论点如下:三因子理论是本文的创新尝试。企业内在基因犹如企业的“来牌”,外部经济生态犹如企业面临的“牌势”,而营运方略犹如审时度势的“出牌行为”。来牌好,牌势好,出牌正确,企业就会兴盛;来牌差,牌势差,出牌错误,企业就会衰败。三因子理论把企业基因、经济生态与企业营运联结起来,在抽象理论与实际营运之间架起了桥梁,因此具有鲜明的能动性、实用性和可操作性。企业基因是反映着企业根本性状、对企业行为产生长期的、决定性影响的根本因素,包括“人的方面的基因”和“物的方面的基因”(物化基因)两方面。“人的方面的基因”就主要是经营者的理念和能力,“物化基因”包括企业的产业产品定位、装备技术状况和体制机制状况。与有的学者从生物基因的复制、变异比照性地推导企业基因的复制、变异不同,本文没有进行这种比照性研究,而是从企业运动的实际出发,提出了“企业基因优化”理论。企业基因之物化基因存在着很大的优化空间:只要企业在每一个选择当口都能制定正确的企业定位调整方略、投资方略、研发方略、整合方略、改革方略,就能使物化基因不断优化,使企业物质性状和运行效能不断提高(成功的企业正是在路径选择中靠一次次正确“出牌”逐步走强的)。经营者的理念基因也有较大的优化空间,只要经营者与时俱进地学习先进的做人做事理念,理念基因就能优化。经营者的能力基因主要受天赋制约,优化空间相对较小,但只要不断学习、积累经验、开拓眼界,也能不断优化。从基因优化理论中可以找到企业自我强健的根本途径。外部经济生态包括产业生态、科技生态、金融生态、园区生态和城市服务生态,它们通过给企业生存成长提供推动力或阻碍力而影响着企业的各个方面。企业营运方略(它是企业战略与实施战略的方法、举措的统一)是企业基因和外部经济生态的函数,是以恰合内外因素为目标的对弈性“出牌”行为。是否在企业成长的每一个选择当口制定出并实施正确的营运方略,对企业生存成长至关重要。营运方略决定于企业基因,又对企业基因(特别是对企业物化基因)有强烈的反馈作用:正确的企业定位调整方略可以优化物化基因中的“产业及业务定位”,正确的研发决策和投资决策可以优化物化基因中的“装备技术状况”,正确的体制改革机制转换可以优化物化基因中的“体制状况”。因此,企业营运方略是企业基因优化和自我强健的重要抓手。企业成长规律的研究不能指望总结出几条成长窍门,而要寻找企业成长的根本原因和各类企业的成长共性、成长特征。本文用三因子决定论揭示了企业成长的根本原因,并以三因子理论为分析框架,通过深入调研三类代表性中小工业企业(配套型、传统型、创新型中小企业)各自的产业特性、影响因子重要性排序、最需要的支持帮助和对外部经济生态的诉求,揭示了它们的成长规律。在大量的企业调研中,我们发现成功的中小企业具有如下共同特点,这些共同特点与我们的三因子理论高度吻合:(1)经营者的先天基因好,表现为有较高的智慧、强烈的使命感、明确的愿景、正确的价值观、先进的理念、旺盛的斗志、持续的改进努力。(2)企业创立时有正确的产业定位和业务定位,从而有良好的初始物质基因和较强的市场生命力,同时又能适时地对企业定位进行正确调整。(3)在企业成长发展过程中,经营者能够持续地制定出正确的营运方略,并能够成功地实施这些方略。也就是能够在多数选择当口打出“正确的牌”,这些“正确的牌”保证着当期经营活动能够顺利进行,并使其基因(尤其是产业基因、技术基因、体制基因等)得到持续的优化,进而使自身优势和能量不断累积。(4)外部经济生态(产业生态、科技生态、金融生态、园区生态、服务生态、政策支持状态)对其形成明显的外部助力。不能以诀窍、公式等形式总结企业的成长规律,因为企业成长规律常常是模糊地隐含于企业事物之中,如隐含于(各类)企业的产业特性、关键影响因子及其重要性排序、最需要的支持帮助及对经济生态的特别诉求之中。
[Abstract]:Many researchers believe that the small and medium-sized enterprise is done well, it depends on the capital, technology, talent, market condition and its internal management level, the research started from several aspects. The author thinks that the management level or aspects of the phenomenon of enterprise resources, it cannot explain why some enterprises can get more capital, technology, talent, market resources, some enterprises have a serious lack of resources, it also cannot explain why some enterprise management level is high, some low level of enterprise management. To answer this question, we can not stay in the level of resources and management phenomenon, and to the deep level of enterprise operation deeply, fundamental reason for enterprises the existence and growth conditions. Therefore, this paper studies the small and medium-sized enterprise resources and not from the aspect of management, but the research from the aspect of the origin of enterprise of small and medium-sized enterprises. The author thoroughly Enterprises Industry research and theoretical research, put forward a new theoretical framework to study the influence factors of enterprise existence and growth condition of enterprise depends on three fundamental: enterprise internal and external economic ecological gene, business strategy. This article is a study on the three factor research framework for the axis. This paper studies the enterprise gene no, but like most enterprises that study gene, the gene concept on Biology (gene, DNA, base pairs, gene duplication, gene mutation) to a variety of business things, as far fetched comparison research, but from the enterprise operation level and practical point of view, the concept of enterprise operation and the actual things gene the connecting problems that are conducive to the promotion of gene optimization, to achieve practical results of self strong operational. This "to" the core content and the main arguments are as follows: Three Factor theory is the innovation of this paper. Try to enterprise internal gene "brand" as the enterprise, external economic and ecological like enterprises "brand", while the operating strategy like situation "to play". The cards, cards well, the cards right, the enterprise will flourish; to brand, brand potential difference the cards, errors, enterprises will decline. The three factor theory of corporate gene, eco economy and business link between abstract theory and practical operation of bridge, so it has distinctive initiative, practicality and maneuverability. The enterprise gene reflects the enterprise fundamental characteristics, the behaviors of enterprises have long-term the fundamental, decisive factors, including "the human gene" and "the gene" (materialized gene) two. "People's genes" on the main idea of operators and the ability of gene " "Industrial enterprises including product positioning, equipment technical condition and mechanism. And some scholars from the biological gene replication, replication, mutation of the gene is derived by the variation of different, do not conduct the comparative research, but starting from the actual movement of the enterprise, proposed" the enterprise gene optimization theory. The enterprise gene materialized there was a great space optimization: as long as the enterprise can make enterprise positioning adjustment strategy, correct in every choice point of investment strategy, development strategy, integration strategy, reform strategy, can make the material to optimize the efficiency of the gene, physical characters and operation enterprises to continuously improve the success of the enterprise (it is in the path selection by a correct "card" gradually strong.) operators also optimize the gene concept of a larger space, as long as the operator with the times to learn advanced The life philosophy, the concept of gene. Genetic operators can optimize the main talent constraints, a relatively small optimization space, but as long as the learning, accumulate experience, expand their horizons, also can be continuously optimized. From the optimization of gene theory can be found in the basic way of enterprise self strong. The external economic ecological including industrial ecology, ecological science and technology. Financial ecology, ecological park and city ecological services, through to the enterprise survival and growth to provide impetus or resistance affects all aspects of the enterprise. The enterprise operation strategy (it is the method of enterprise strategy and the implementation of strategic initiatives of the unified) is a function of the enterprise gene and external economic environment, is playing chess cards "the geological factors together inside and outside as the goal. Whether in every choice point of enterprise growth to develop and implement business strategy correctly, to the enterprise survival development is very important The operation depends on the enterprise strategy. The enterprise gene, gene (especially the enterprise gene) has a feedback effect strong: the correct positioning of the enterprise adjustment strategy can optimize the materialized gene "in the industry and business positioning, correct decision and investment in R & D optimization gene" equipment and technology status ", the right system reform mechanism transformation can optimize the materialized gene in the" system ". Therefore, the enterprise operation strategy is an important starting point for the enterprise gene optimization and robust. Self study cannot expect the rule of enterprise growth, sums up some growth tips, and to find the root cause of growth of enterprises and enterprises of all types the growth of common growth characteristics. This paper uses three factor decision theory reveals the root cause of enterprise growth, and the three factor theory, through in-depth research of three representative types of small and medium-sized industry Enterprise (supporting, traditional, innovative small and medium enterprises) industry respective characteristics, influencing factors of importance, most in need of help and support the external economic and ecological demands, reveals the growth rule of them. In the investigation of a large number of enterprises, we found that the success of small and medium-sized enterprises have the following characteristics, these common with the characteristics of our three factor theory is highly consistent: (1) genetic operators, showed higher wisdom, strong sense of mission, clear vision, correct values, advanced concepts, strong fighting spirit, continuous improvementeffort. (2) when the enterprise founded industry positioning and business the correct position, which is the initial material good genes and a strong market vitality, but also can timely correct adjustment of the enterprise location. (3) in the enterprise development process, the operator can continue to develop it The operating strategy is, and are able to successfully implement these strategies. In the mouth is also able to play most choose "right" brand, the "right" to ensure a current business activities can be carried out smoothly, and the gene (especially industrial gene, gene technology, gene system etc.) continuous optimization then, make their own advantages and energy accumulation. (4) external economy (eco industrial ecology, ecological technology, financial ecology, ecological park, ecological services, policy support state) formed obvious external power on it. Not to trick, formula summary law of growth of enterprises, because the enterprise growth is often fuzzy rules implicit in the enterprise things, such as implicit in (all kinds) industrial characteristics of enterprises, the key influence factors and their importance, most in need of support and special demands of economic ecology.

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F276.3

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