英国低碳经济政策的研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 06:11

本文关键词：英国低碳经济政策的研究　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全球气候变暖产生的环境问题,引起了人们对控制温室气体排放与发展低碳经济的空前重视,低碳经济作为应对气候变化和实现经济社会可持续发展的一种模式,率先被英国确定为发展战略方向,并成为新的经济增长点。英国自提出低碳经济概念以来不断探索和实践,通过优化产业结构,努力实现经济转型,保持经济稳定增长,从而成为世界上低碳经济发展最早且比较成功的国家。为了发展低碳经济,英国制定了财税、金融、产业、能源、交通等一系列相关政策,通过制定和完善强制型、引导型和激励型低碳经济政策体系,明确减排目标、建立低碳相关法律、强化政府职能、完善财政政策、碳交易政策、发展低碳技术等,合理组合与协调各种政策,促进了低碳经济发展。英国不仅建立了政府引导,市场主导,民众参与的低碳经济发展模式,还不断加大低碳研发投入,大力促进商用技术研发推广,催生新兴产业;应用市场机制与经济杠杆,促使企业实现节能减排;引导人们生活方式转变,实现低碳消费;通过淘汰原有的高耗能、高排放、高污染的经济发展模式,实现经济发展低碳化。尽管英国低碳经济政策在推动低碳经济发展各方面都取得了显著的成效,但在应对世界经济危机给发展低碳经济带来的影响,如成本劣势及相关资源整合困难等方面,使政策的及时性、针对性和有效性大打折扣,并因此而产生许多问题。我国作为发展中的碳排放大国,根据相关的国际碳排放协议,按照共同但有区别的原则参与国际低碳排放实践。随着我国低碳经济的迅速发展,迫切需要政策的支持和引导,虽然已经制定了财政、金融和产业以及节能减排收费、低碳采购等一系列政策,但尚未形成一个完整的低碳经济政策体系,给经济发展低碳化带来很多问题。在低碳经济发展的大趋势下,应结合实际,顺应世界经济发展潮流,借鉴英国等发达国家的经验,加强对低碳经济研究和政策的制定,积极推动经济发展向低碳转型。本文主要考虑我国低碳经济发展和研究都落后于西方发达国家,而英国目前在低碳研究领域处于世界前列,希望通过研究英国低碳经济政策体系和成效,探寻低碳经济发展的规律性,深化对低碳经济政策的认识,为推动我国低碳经济发展和制定政策提供理论支持和参考建议,具体各部分内容概要如下:第一,对低碳经济和低碳经济政策的基本概念进行界定,概括了低碳经济及政策的本质内涵和特征,提出了低碳经济政策的划分标准,并进行了分类和概述。该部分内容为研究英国低碳经济政策创造条件。第二,在对国内外关于低碳经济相关理论如:可持续发展理论、公共产品理论和外部性理论进行梳理的基础上,深入研究和借鉴,为低碳经济和英国低碳经济政策研究提供理论基础。第三,主要考虑英国在低碳经济发展方面的世界领先地位,重点研究英国低碳经济发展现状,从低碳经济政策的产生、目标的确定及政策的发展完善,总结其推进低碳经济发展和完善低碳经济政策的先进经验,并从中获得启示。第四,认为英国低碳经济政策主要包含财税、金融、能源、产业、交通、技术等方面,按照政策发挥作用的性质还可将其划分为强制型、引导型和激励型等政策,并具体从能源、产业、交通、市场、就业、消费理念等方面着重研究了英国低碳经济政策效应、政策选择和优越性及存在问题;运用相关理论进行分析,探索适合中国低碳经济发展的政策体系和运行模式。第五,通过对我国低碳经济发展、相关政策现状和存在问题的分析,借鉴英国发展低碳经济的相关政策,实现向低碳经济模式转型的成功经验,从深化制度改革、完善政策体系、积极应对外部效应和强化法制保障等方面对低碳经济政策进行研究,并为发展有中国特色的低碳经济起到启示作用,解决各种实际问题(如作为发展中国家在向低碳经济转型过程中,要把握好碳排放的原则性和灵活性,并处理好与国际接轨的问题;又如要强化政策体系和法律制度的约束力,解决好上有政策下有对策,造成低碳经济政策落实不到位及负外部性问题等)。
[Abstract]:Environmental problems of global warming, has attracted unprecedented attention to the control of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of low carbon economy, low carbon economy as a response to climate change and a model to achieve sustainable economic and social development, the first to be identified as the British strategic direction of development, and become a new economic growth point. Since the British the concept of low carbon economy practice and exploration, through the optimization of the industrial structure, to achieve economic transformation, to maintain stable economic growth, to become the world's first low carbon economy development and more successful countries. In order to develop low carbon economy, Britain carried out taxation, finance, industry, energy, transportation and other a series of relevant policies through the establishment and improvement of the compulsory type, guiding and incentive system of low carbon economy policy, clear emission reduction targets, establish low carbon related laws, strengthen government functions, improve the fiscal policy, carbon Trade policy, the development of low carbon technology, reasonable combination and coordination of various policies to promote the development of low carbon economy. Britain not only establish a government guidance, market driven, public participation in the development model of low-carbon economy, also continue to increase investment in research and development of low carbon technology research and development, and vigorously promote the commercial promotion, spawned new industries; application market the mechanism and economic levers to encourage enterprises to achieve energy saving and emission reduction; guide the change in people's way of life, to achieve a low carbon consumption; through the elimination of high energy consumption, the high emissions, high pollution of the mode of economic development, to achieve economic development. Although the UK low carbon low carbon economy policy in promoting the development of low carbon economy in all aspects has achieved remarkable the results, but to influence the development of low carbon economy in response to the world economic crisis, such as cost disadvantage and resource integration difficulties, make policy timely, targeted and effective high Discount, resulting in many problems in our country. As the development of carbon emissions in the country, according to the international carbon emissions agreement, in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in international practice of low carbon emissions. With the rapid development of China's low-carbon economy, the urgent need for policy support and guidance, although has been developed the fiscal, financial and industrial energy saving and emission reduction and low carbon procurement charges, and a series of policies, but has not yet formed a complete low carbon economy policy system, cause a lot of problems in the low carbon economic development. In the trend of the development of low carbon economy, should be combined with the actual, conform to the trend of world economic development, the developed countries for reference Britain's experience, strengthen the development of low carbon economy research and policy, and actively promote economic development to low-carbon economy. This paper considers China's low-carbon economy development and research behind the western developed countries, and Britain is currently in low carbon research field in the world, hope that through the study of the UK low carbon economy policy system and effectiveness, explore the regularity of the development of low carbon economy, deepen the understanding of low-carbon economic policy, provide theoretical support and suggestions for promoting the development of low-carbon economy in China and policy, the specific contents of each part the summary is as follows: first, to define the basic concepts of the policy of low carbon economy and low carbon economy, summarizes the essence and connotation of low carbon economy and policy, put forward the division standard of low carbon economy policy, and classified and summarized. The content of this part to create conditions for the study of British low carbon economy policy. Second and in the domestic and foreign about low carbon economy theory such as the theory of sustainable development, based on the theory of public goods and externality theory on carding, in-depth research and reference for low carbon economy and low carbon Britain To provide a theoretical basis for economic policy research. Third, the main consideration in the UK low carbon economy development of the world's leading position, focus on British low-carbon economy development, from the low carbon economy policy, development and determine the policy goal of summing up the perfect, promote the development of low-carbon economy and improve the advanced experience of low carbon economy policy, and get inspiration from. Fourth, that the UK low carbon economy policy mainly consists of fiscal, financial, energy, industry, transportation, technology and other aspects, in accordance with the policy to play the role of nature can also be divided into strong type, guiding and incentive policies, and specifically from the energy industry, transportation, market, employment, consumption concept focuses on the UK low carbon economy policy effect, policy choice and the superiority and problems; the use of the relevant theoretical analysis, to explore the development of low carbon economy policy Chinese System and operation mode. Fifth, through the development of low carbon economy in our country, related policy analysis of the status quo and problems of relevant policies in Britain, the development of low-carbon economy, realize the successful experience of transition to a low carbon economy, the deepening system reform, improve the policy system, actively respond to external effects and strengthen legal protection etc. study on the low carbon economy policy, and implications for the development of low-carbon economy has Chinese characteristics, solving a variety of problems (such as to the developing countries in the process of low carbon economy in transition, to grasp the principle and flexibility, carbon emissions and deal with international problems; and as to to strengthen the policy system and legal system to solve the binding, there are measures under the policy, resulting in a low carbon economy policy implementation is not in place and negative externalities etc.).

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F156.1;F205

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