黄淮海平原耕地多功能效应及保护补偿研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 20:41

本文关键词：黄淮海平原耕地多功能效应及保护补偿研究　出处：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：耕地作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,它不仅是生产资源,也是重要的生态和社会资源。随着快速城镇化发展、生态环境问题凸显,以及可持续发展理念的提出,耕地多功能效应越来越引起广泛关注和认可。而正确认识、科学评价耕地功能效应及其价值,对于促进耕地多功能利用,发挥耕地多功能综合效应,实现耕地保护有重要意义。本文首先从耕地利用和耕地功能需求角度出发,构建了耕地多功能研究理论框架；然后,通过建立较高层级耕地功能与系统输出对应关系,从投入-产出角度进行了耕地功能运行效应综合评价；并重点研究了黄淮海平原耕地生产、固碳和水源涵养三大功能的层次性及其效应；最后,提出基于功能效应的耕地保护补偿新思路。研究主要结论如下：(1)耕地多功能客观存在,且主要通过需求来显化。传统耕地全功能研究,耕地功能主次不清,各种功能间复杂关系难以理清,从耕地功能需求角度研究耕地多功能,显化符合区域需求目标的主导功能,更有助于发挥耕地关键功能综合效益,促进耕地多功能利用和保护。(2)耕地多功能效应综合评估结果显示,2000-2012年,黄淮海平原耕地利用系统功能运行产出率、功能效应密度不断提高,耕地利用系统基本处于可持续状态。而系统辅助能投入过快增长,系统功能运行环境负载率不断增加,导致耕地利用系统对环境压力越来越大,直接或通过产生负外部效应而间接影响系统各项功能运行。直接证实了耕地多功能研究应从耕地利用视角展开。(3)利用视角下黄淮海平原耕地三大功能研究表明,不同层次下耕地各功能效应差异较大,而具体到研究区内部,且表现出明显空间分异性。通过耕地功能层次分析,不仅耕地功能认识更加清晰,功能效应提升途径也更加明确。各层级耕地生产、固碳、水源涵养功能中,耕地现实生产能力、耕地现实固碳能力和耕地有效水源涵养能力才是对农民生活保障、国家粮食安全、缓解气候变化、耕地水资源调控、耕地保护补偿有现实意义的功能。各功能分别可以通过进行中低产田改造、实施生态化土地利用以及减少降水径流形成等途径实现提升。(4)基于利用和需求视角下构建的耕地多功能研究框架,本研究提出,耕地保护补偿研究应充分考虑区域耕地功能需求和各功能效应实际发挥状况,既不忽视耕地非生产功能价值,也不过分夸大其功能效益。推动耕地保护同时促进满足人类当前需求的耕地多功能综合效益发挥。
[Abstract]:As an important part of terrestrial ecosystem, cultivated land is not only a productive resource, but also an important ecological and social resource. As well as the concept of sustainable development, the multi-function effect of cultivated land has attracted more and more attention and recognition. And the correct understanding, the scientific evaluation of the function effect and its value of cultivated land, will promote the multifunctional utilization of cultivated land. It is of great significance to give full play to the multi-functional comprehensive effect of cultivated land and to realize the protection of cultivated land. Firstly, from the angle of cultivated land utilization and functional demand of cultivated land, this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the study of multi-function of cultivated land. Then, by establishing the corresponding relationship between the higher level cultivated land function and the output of the system, the comprehensive evaluation of the cultivated land function operation effect is made from the angle of input-output. The three functions of cultivated land production, carbon sequestration and water conservation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were studied in detail. Finally, a new idea of cultivated land protection and compensation based on functional effect is put forward. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) the multi-function of cultivated land exists objectively, and it is mainly manifested by demand. The main and secondary functions of cultivated land are not clear, the complex relationship between various functions is difficult to be clarified, from the point of view of functional demand of cultivated land to study the multi-function of cultivated land, manifest the dominant function in line with the regional demand objectives. It is helpful to give full play to the comprehensive benefits of the key functions of cultivated land, and to promote the multifunctional utilization and protection of cultivated land. 2) the results of comprehensive evaluation of the multifunctional effects of cultivated land show that the results are from 2000 to 2012. The cultivated land use system in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is in a sustainable state and the system auxiliary energy input is increasing too fast. The functional output rate and the density of the function effect of the cultivated land use system are increasing continuously and the cultivated land use system is in a sustainable state. The load rate of system function running environment is increasing, which leads to more and more pressure on the environment of cultivated land utilization system. It directly or indirectly influences the function of the system through the negative external effect, which directly proves that the research on the multifunction of cultivated land should be carried out from the perspective of cultivated land utilization. The three functions of cultivated land in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were studied from the angle of view. The functional effects of cultivated land under different levels are quite different, but specific to the study area, and show obvious spatial differentiation. Through the functional hierarchy analysis of cultivated land, not only the understanding of cultivated land function is more clear. The ways to improve the function effect are also more clear. In the function of cultivated land production, carbon sequestration and water conservation, the actual production capacity of cultivated land is more clear. The realistic carbon sequestration capacity of cultivated land and the capacity of effective water conservation of cultivated land are the guarantee of farmers' life, the national food security, the mitigation of climate change, and the regulation of cultivated land water resources. The function of cultivated land protection and compensation has practical significance. Each function can be reformed by middle and low yield farmland respectively. Implement ecological land use and reduce precipitation runoff formation to achieve upgrading. 4) based on the perspective of utilization and demand to build a multi-functional research framework of arable land, this study proposed. The study of cultivated land protection and compensation should fully consider the functional demand of regional cultivated land and the actual exertion of each functional effect, and neither ignore the non-productive value of cultivated land. It is not to exaggerate its function benefit, promote cultivated land protection and promote the comprehensive benefit of cultivated land which meets the current needs of human being.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.211

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