环境规制对中国产业结构升级的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 05:00

  本文关键词：环境规制对中国产业结构升级的影响研究　出处：《新疆大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 环境规制 产业结构升级 生态环境 路径 非线性面板门槛模型

【摘要】：自改革开放以来,我国经济快速增长,然而生态环境问题却日益严峻,经济增长与环境污染之间的矛盾日益突出。2012年以来我国雾霾越益严重,逐渐影响到人们的日常生活和身体健康,生态环境治理问题成为我国发展过程中亟需解决的一个重要问题。党的十八大明确提出了生态文明建设的发展战略和建设“美丽中国”的宏伟目标,要形成资源节约和环境保护的产业结构和经济增长方式。产业结构升级是我国经济结构转型的一个重要问题,是实现经济增长与环境保护“双赢”局面的关键因素。我国是一个人口众多的发展中国家,国家建设和发展离不开经济增长,既要保护生态环境又要确保经济增长,产业的支撑与发展是经济增长的中观基础。因此,环境规制会通过哪些传导路径作用于产业结构升级,并且在多大程度上会促进或抑制产业结构升级?环境规制力度应当如何把握才能有助于产业结构升级?本文研究环境规制对中国产业结构升级的初衷正是要对这些问题进行合理回答,这对于中国在生态文明建设战略背景下转变经济增长方式,促进经济结构转型具有重要意义。首先,本文在梳理环境规制与产业结构升级相关国内外文献的基础上,对“环境规制”和“产业结构升级”的概念进行了界定,归纳了市场失灵理论、产权理论、委托-代理理论、不确定性理论、环境库兹涅茨理论、可持续发展理论作为研究环境规制与产业结构升级的理论基础。其次,研究环境规制与产业结构各自的政策演变历程,划分中国环境规制与产业结构演变的发展阶段,分析环境规制与产业结构升级的现状、存在的问题及其原因。再次,采用我国2002—2014年的省际面板数据,研究在当前我国环境综合治理阶段下环境规制对产业结构升级的作用路径并对其作用原理进行具体分析,研究认为,环境规制不仅会对产业结构升级具有直接影响效应,还会通过技术创新、金融发展、外商直接投资、对外贸易这四条传导路径间接作用于产业结构升级,对产业结构升级产生不同的影响效应。在此基础上,分别以技术创新、金融发展、外商直接投资、对外贸易、经济增长、命令-控制型环境规制、市场型环境规制、信息披露-公众参与型环境规制为门槛变量,构建环境规制与产业结构升级的非线性面板门槛模型,研究在技术创新、金融发展、经济开放、经济增长、不同类型环境规制工具作用下,环境规制对产业结构升级及其他因素对产业结构升级的影响效应。研究得出如下结论:(1)当技术创新水平较低时,加强环境规制不利于产业结构升级;相反,当技术创新水平较高时,环境规制强度的增加有益于产业结构升级,只是根据技术创新水平所提高的不同程度,会导致环境规制对产业结构升级产生的促进效应大小存在略微差异。即,环境规制对产业结构升级产生的影响效应会依赖于技术创新水平的变化。(2)当金融发展水平较低时,环境规制对产业结构升级具有负向影响效应;相反,当金融发展水平跨过一定的阈值时,加强环境规制有助于产业结构升级。即,环境规制对产业结构升级的影响效应与金融发展呈现“u”型关系。(3)外商直接投资较低的情形下,环境规制会使外商直接投资的负面效应居于主导地位,不利于推动产业结构升级;而在外商直接投资达到一定的限度,跨过一定的门槛值,环境规制会促使外商直接投资的正面效应居于主导地位,推动产业结构升级。在对外贸易较低的情形下,增加环境规制强度无法通过对外贸易这一路径有效地推动产业结构升级;而在对外贸易进一步扩大,跨过某一阈值时,增加环境规制强度会增大贸易的环境收益效应,有益于产业结构升级。即,环境规制对产业结构升级的影响效应与我国经济开放程度呈现“u”型关系。因此随着环境规制逐步加强,扩大经济开放程度,增加外商直接投资和对外贸易对我国产业结构升级和经济结构调整具有有效促进作用。(4)在经济增长处于较低水平时,加强环境规制不利于产业结构升级;在经济增长水平处于某一阈值区间时,增加环境规制强度将会促进产业结构升级;当经济增长进入中等收入水平发展阶段时,单纯地提高环境规制强度会阻碍产业结构升级,在这一阶段要强调环境规制工具的多元化,更加注重经济增长和创新以促进产业结构升级,跨过中等收入发展阶段,实现经济增长与环境保护的双赢。(5)不同类型环境规制的作用效果存在差异。命令-控制型环境规制工具和市场型环境规制工具的规制力度越强,环境规制就越有益于产业结构升级;而信息披露-公众参与型环境规制力度过高或过低都会不利于产业结构升级,只有将其控制在一个适度的范围内,使信息披露-公众参与型环境规制工具既能够有效开展又受到相应约束,才会有助于产业结构升级。(6)财政分权对产业结构升级具有显著的负向影响效应,财政分权程度越高,越不利于产业结构升级;人口受教育程度对产业结构升级具有显著的正向影响效应,人口受教育程度较高会有益于产业结构升级;城镇化、固定资产投资、市场化及自然资源禀赋状况均对产业结构升级不具有显著性的影响效应。最后,结合实证研究结论和中国的现实情况,本文从微观层面、中观层面、宏观层面三个视角分别提出具有针对性的政策建议,以期在生态文明建设背景下加强环境规制能够促进产业结构升级。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's rapid economic growth, but the ecological environment problem is becoming more serious, since the contradiction between economic growth and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent in China.2012 haze more serious, has affected people's daily life and health, ecological environment problem has become an important issue to our country's development process in the solution. The party's eighteen clearly put forward the construction of ecological civilization development strategy and the construction of "beautiful Chinese" grand goal, to the formation of resource conservation and environmental protection industry structure and economic growth pattern. The upgrading of the industrial structure is an important problem in China's economic restructuring, is a key factor to achieve economic growth and the environmental protection "win-win" situation. China is a developing country with a large population, the construction and development of the country cannot do without economic growth, it is necessary to protect the ecological environment and To ensure economic growth, support and development of the industry is the foundation of economic growth medium. Therefore, environmental regulation through which the conduction path to upgrade the industrial structure, and will promote or inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure in a large extent? How should grasp the strength of environmental regulation can contribute to the upgrading of the industrial structure in the research environment? The regulation of industrial structure upgrading Chinese's original intention is to make reasonable answer to these questions, this Chinese for the transformation of economic growth in the background of the construction of ecological civilization under the strategic transformation, and has important significance to promote the economic structure. Firstly, based on the environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading of combing the relevant literature at home and abroad, the definition of the concept of "environmental regulation" and "industrial structure upgrading", summarizes the market failure theory, property rights theory, principal-agent theory, uncertainty theory, ring Kuznets environment theory, sustainable development theory as the theoretical basis of environmental regulation and upgrade the industrial structure. Secondly, the policy of environmental regulation and industrial structure of different development stages of evolution, evolution of environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading Chinese, analysis of the current situation of environmental regulation and industrial structure, the problems and causes. Once again, the the inter provincial panel data in China from 2002 to 2014, the role of research on upgrading of the industrial structure in China's current environmental regulation under the comprehensive management of the environment and the interaction principle for specific analysis, studies suggest that environmental regulation will not only have a direct impact on the upgrading of the industrial structure, but also through technological innovation, financial development, foreign direct investment, foreign trade of the four conduction path and indirect effect on the upgrading of the industrial structure, have different impacts on the upgrading of industrial structure Effect. On this basis, respectively, financial development by the technological innovation, foreign direct investment, foreign trade, economic growth, command and control environmental regulation, market environmental regulation, information disclosure and public participation in environmental regulation as the threshold variable to construct nonlinear panel threshold model to upgrade environmental regulation and industrial structure, research in technology innovation, financial development, economic openness, economic growth, effect of different types of environmental regulation tools, the effect of environmental regulation on the upgrading of the industrial structure and other factors on the upgrading of the industrial structure. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) when the low level of technological innovation, strengthen environmental regulation is not conducive to the upgrading of the industrial structure; on the contrary, when the higher the level of technological innovation, increase the intensity of environmental regulation is beneficial to the upgrading of the industrial structure, improve the level of technological innovation is based on the different degree, causes of environmental regulation The structure upgrade promotion effect size are slightly different. That is, change effect will depend on the level of technological innovation of environmental regulation on the industrial structure upgrading. (2) when the low level of financial development, environmental regulation has negative effects on the upgrading of the industrial structure; on the contrary, when the level of financial development across the the threshold, strengthen environmental regulations will help to upgrade the industrial structure. That is, the environmental regulation effect on the upgrading of the industrial structure and financial development presents "U" type relationship. (3) foreign direct investment in lower case, environmental regulation will cause negative effects of foreign direct investment plays a dominant role, is not conducive to promoting the upgrading of the industrial structure; while in foreign direct investment reached a certain limit, beyond a certain threshold value, the positive effect of environmental regulation will promote foreign direct investment plays a dominant role, promote the upgrading of the industrial structure In the foreign trade. The lower case, increase the intensity of environmental regulation to the path through the foreign trade effectively promote the upgrading of the industrial structure; while in the foreign trade to further expand, crossed a threshold, environmental income effect increased the intensity of environmental regulation will increase trade, is beneficial to the upgrading of the industrial structure. That is, environmental regulation on the effect of the upgrading of industrial structure and the openness of our economy presents "U" type relationship. So with the environmental regulation to strengthen gradually, expand the degree of openness, the increase of foreign direct investment and foreign trade has promote the upgrading of the industrial structure of our country and the adjustment of economic structure. (4) in economic growth is in the low level and strengthen environmental regulation is not conducive to the upgrading of the industrial structure; the level of economic growth in a certain threshold range, increase the intensity of environmental regulation will promote the upgrading of industrial structure; when the economy Growth in the middle-income stage of development, only to increase the intensity of environmental regulation will hinder the upgrading of the industrial structure, diversification in this stage should focus on environmental regulation tools, pay more attention to economic growth and innovation to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure, across the middle-income stage of development, to achieve a win-win economic growth and environmental protection (5) exists. The effect of different types of environmental regulation. The differences of command control environmental regulation tools and environmental regulation tools market regulation efforts stronger, more environmental regulation is beneficial to the upgrading of the industrial structure; and the information disclosure and public participation in environmental regulation intensity is too high or too low is not conducive to the upgrading of the industrial structure, only the control in an appropriate range of the information disclosure - public participation of environmental regulation tools not only can be effectively carried out by the corresponding constraints, will help the industry structure Upgrade. (6) fiscal decentralization has a significant negative effect on the upgrading of the industrial structure, the higher the degree of fiscal decentralization, is not conducive to the upgrading of the industrial structure; educational level has a significant positive impact on the upgrading of the industrial structure, population of higher education will be beneficial to the upgrading of the industrial structure; urbanization, fixed the effect of asset investment, market and natural resource endowments are on the upgrading of industrial structure is not significant. Finally, according to the reality of empirical research conclusions and Chinese, from the micro level, meso level and macro level three perspectives respectively with specific policy recommendations put forward, in the background of the construction of ecological civilization to strengthen environmental regulation can promote the upgrading of the industrial structure.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X22;F121.3
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本文编号：1395684