城乡非农就业结构、人口转移方式与城镇化水平

发布时间：2018-01-16 00:05

本文关键词：城乡非农就业结构、人口转移方式与城镇化水平　出处：《中国农业科学院》2016年博士后论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城镇化速度并不是越快越好,应走更健康的新型城镇化道路,使其既有利于经济发展,又有利于缩小城乡差距。城镇化进程的根本动力在于工业化所带来的产业结构的变化,在影响城镇化的众多因素中,非农产业的发展所带来的人口转移是城镇化的直接动因。关于非农产业、非农就业和城乡劳动力转移对城镇化影响的研究很多,但是,忽略了非农就业在城乡之间的结构和人口转移方式对城镇化的影响。本文通过理论和经验研究,构建城镇化均衡模型,着重分析城乡非农就业比重和人口转移方式对城镇化的影响。城镇化水平与非农就业比重、农村非农就业占非农就业比重、城镇劳动参与比重、农村劳动参与比重四个变量存在着均衡关系,这四个变量正是反映了非农化、城乡非农结构和人口转移方式。在这四个变量的共同作用下,中国城镇化经历了从波动期到持续增长期,再到快速增长阶段的历程,每个阶段具有不同的特点。非农化的推进始终对中国城镇化产生了最大正向的作用,而城乡非农就业结构却在每个阶段产生了不同的作用,第一和第三阶段都由于农村非农就业比的降低而提高城镇化水平,但却无形中会扩大城乡收入差距,只有第二阶段,农村非农就业比重是在提高的。人口转移方式对中国城镇化的影响也是在变化的,第一和第二阶段主要依靠的是劳动力的转移,而劳动力转移所带动的非劳动力转移不强,到第三阶段逐渐加强,但是,还没达到理想的状态。在中国未来城镇化过程中,非农产业发展自然还会起到巨大的作用,会拉动城镇化进程快速前进,但是,更应该注意调整城乡非农结构,平滑城镇化过程,同时,要注意改变人口转移方式,使更多的非劳动力能伴随劳动力的转移而进入城镇。
[Abstract]:The speed of urbanization is not the faster the better, we should take a healthier new road of urbanization, so that it is conducive to economic development. The fundamental power of urbanization lies in the changes of industrial structure brought by industrialization, among the many factors that affect urbanization. The population transfer brought by the development of non-agricultural industry is the direct cause of urbanization. There are a lot of studies on the impact of non-agricultural employment and urban and rural labor force transfer on urbanization in non-agricultural industry. Ignore the structure of non-agricultural employment between urban and rural areas and the impact of population transfer on urbanization. This paper through theoretical and empirical research to build a balanced model of urbanization. Focus on the analysis of urban and rural non-agricultural employment proportion and the impact of population transfer on urbanization, the level of urbanization and non-agricultural employment, rural non-agricultural employment in non-agricultural employment proportion, urban labor participation in the proportion. Rural labor participation in the proportion of four variables there is a balanced relationship, these four variables is a reflection of non-agricultural, urban and rural non-agricultural structure and the mode of population transfer, under the joint action of these four variables. China's urbanization has experienced from the fluctuation period to the sustained growth period, and then to the rapid growth stage, each stage has different characteristics. The promotion of non-agricultural has always had the biggest positive effect on China's urbanization. However, the structure of non-agricultural employment in urban and rural areas has played a different role in each stage. In the first and third stages, the level of urbanization has been improved due to the decrease of non-agricultural employment ratio in rural areas, but the income gap between urban and rural areas will be widened intangibly. Only in the second stage, the proportion of rural non-agricultural employment is increasing. The impact of population transfer on China's urbanization is also changing. The first and second stages mainly rely on the transfer of labor force. But the transfer of labor force driven by the non-labor transfer is not strong, to the third stage gradually strengthened, but, has not yet reached the ideal state. In the process of urbanization in the future in China. The development of non-agricultural industries will also play a huge role in promoting the rapid progress of urbanization, but more attention should be paid to adjust the non-agricultural structure of urban and rural areas, smooth the process of urbanization at the same time. Attention should be paid to changing the mode of population transfer so that more non-labor force can enter cities and towns with the transfer of labor force.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士后
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C922;F299.21;F249.2

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