基于城市关联性的保障性住房发展历程与设计策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 02:34

本文关键词： 保障性住房城市关联性形态构成分类制度建构策略城市空间策略建筑设计策略　出处：《湖南大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：迄今为止,我国的住房制度改革实施已有三十多年历史,其中同步进行了保障性住房制度建设,改革取得了巨大的成就。伴随着快速城镇化进程,保障性住房制度经历着从无到有,从计划到市场的过程。本论文基于保障房住区与城市关联性视角,对保障性住房的制度构建、城市空间分布、建筑设计等方面开展研究,试图提出一个较为全面的,涵盖从体系建设到建筑细节全过程的策略。论文按“国内外保障房制度建设比较研究——基于保障房住区与城市关联性分析保障房城市空间形态——保障房体系制度、城市空间、保障房住区设计等宏观、中观、微观层面的设计策略”路线开展研究。首先,梳理出保障性住房制度在住房制度改革五个阶段中扮演的角色和发展过程,对经济适用住房、廉租住房、公共租赁房、棚户区改造、城中村进行了专项研究。这部分研究的意义在于从宏观的角度看待城市关联性视角下的保障房建设,与我国保障性住房制度构建、城市非平衡性、未来发展趋势的预测等内容都有着密切的关联,这也是相比其他建筑学背景的研究者而言,本文花了更多笔墨于这个过程分析的原因。选取香港、新加坡、美国、英国等境外地区和国家的保障性住房制度作为研究对象,研究得出的启示包括:成立专门的运营管理机构;设计严密的保障性住房运行机制;准确把握市场与政府角色;发展住房公积金制度;注重资金平衡;建立多层次全方位的金融支持体系;提供租用和购买的渠道;“体面住房”标准的全面性;更新计划的公众参与度、关键工作者的住房保障问题等。论文结论部分借鉴了他们的先进做法和理念。很多学者的研究都分析了保障性住房建设中显性问题,如边缘郊区化、大型化趋势、公共服务设施缺乏、给城市形象和社会治安带来负面影响等。传统研究方法是从城市选址和规划层面分析,但得出的结论往往失之于表面。本研究基于保障房与城市关联性视角,提出了保障性住房与城市空间之间、保障性住房与被保障人群生活方式之间、保障性住房建设与运行模式之间这三个彼此关联的本体间存在的问题,其关系对保障房在城市空间中规划、建设、分配、运转等会有深层次的影响,形成了保障性住房与相应城市空间的关联性,包含:城市非平衡性、城市间及城市自身非公平性、被保障人群自身非平衡性发展、生活肌理改变与社会属性的认知、硬质边界的规划与复合化界面、自组织行为带来的自生长性、资本的力量与保障属性的关系、混合居住模式和空置房等方面。从保障性住房与城市关联的密切程度来看,保障性住房小区与城市之间形成了三大类型和六种子型:自我完善型中的依托超大城市发展子型和依托企业及园区子型;城市叠加型中的自身带动城市发展子型和依托主城区叠合发展子型;斑块融入包含有机更新融入城市子型和城区地块新建融入子型。论文对每个子型的存在基础、规模、与主城区距离、配套设施完善度、就业岗位特点和交通方式等方面都做了研究。基于城市关联性下的保障性住房形态构成分析是本文主要创新点之一。通过前文的分析,研究尝试提出保障性住房建设制度层面的宏观策略,基于城市关联性下的城市空间中观保障策略,保障房住区公共空间营造与住宅设计微观策略。这几个方面同时也是论文的主要研究成果:1、宏观策略。包含立法和制度两个方面。首先确定保障性住房体制社会公平性、保障适度性、长期动态性、地区非平衡性等基本属性,这些属性有的是各国之共性,有些则是我国特有的。从保障主体、保障房类型、保障标准、保障方式等几个主要方面做出法律构建的建议,尤其针对农民工、新就业大学生、各类引进人才、老龄化人口等保障对象做了长期趋势的预判。制度建设主要是操作层面的构建,包括:资金筹集的方式、建设与管理的框架建设、准入标准与退出机制、信息系统建设和公开等几个方面。2、中观策略。研究基于城市关联性下的城市空间提出:组团平衡与混合居住;公共交通导向;多元化房源下的空间选址;复合界面等四大方面十三点针对性策略。针对这些通用性的策略在三种保障性住房形态类型中的具体应用,又针对性的提出了相应的细则,例如自我完善型中提出了产业与生活安置的关系、相应的大运量交通体系、相对疏离与城市的邻里单元塑造、产业远景下的住区更新等策略。城市叠加型提出了快速聚集人气带动发展的方式、构建网络化交通、推动居住中复合化社区模式等策略。在斑块融入型中,棚户区改造等方式如何与保障对象和空间结合、当居民置换后,中心城区二次开发中保障性社区的社区活化方法和原则等策略。3、微观策略。保障房设计策略主要提出了小区总图层面的空间策略,户型和单元层面的类型和组合设计策略,单一空间内部的利用与改造策略,总体而言也是一步步将空间尺度由大及小,全方位对保障对象的居住条件进行研究。在小区整体空间层面重点在于提取了保障房与普通商品房不同的特点开展研究,这也是改变设计师只看到二者居住的共性,忽视了保障对象特殊性,从而提出的专门的设计策略。户型与单元策略上,收集了近百种近年来实施的保障性住房户型与商品房小户型,通过ldbk的功能体系分类法,对各种不同户型做了分门别类的研究。同时按多层与小高层、高层住宅研究了外廊式、内廊式、单元式、塔式、跃廊式等不同单元的组合特点。另外从人体行为需要的具体空间尺度、关联空间尺度、单一空间的综合利用方面,提出了套型间的空间置换、套型的合并与拆分、套型内部空间的局部重组、空壳支撑体等方式。
[Abstract]:So far, China's housing system reform has been implemented for more than thirty years of history, the synchronization of security system of housing construction, reform has made great achievements. With the rapid urbanization process, affordable housing system experienced a process from scratch, from plan to market. This paper is based on the perspective of the relevance of low-income housing residential area with the construction of the city, the city housing security system, spatial distribution, research of architectural design, tries to put forward a more comprehensive, covering the whole process from the system construction to the construction details of the strategy. According to the domestic and foreign "low-income housing system construction -- Based on the comparative study of low-income housing living area and City Association Analysis of city spatial form of low-income housing system, low-income housing space of the city, low-income housing residential design macro, meso and micro level route design strategy research. First, sort out the role and development of affordable housing system plays in the five stages of the reform of the housing system in the application of economic housing, low-cost housing, public rental housing, shanty towns, villages in the city conducted a special study. This part of the significance of the study is from a macro point of view from the perspective of the relevance of the city low-income housing construction, and China's affordable housing system construction, city of non-equilibrium, the future development trend of the prediction of the content are closely related, this study also compared to other architecture background is concerned, this paper took more attention on the analysis of the process of selection. Hongkong, Singapore, the United States, Britain, etc. outside the region and the country's affordable housing system as the research object, the enlightenments include: the establishment of the operation of specialized management agencies; rigorous design of affordable housing operation mechanism; accurate grasp of the market With the development of the role of the government; housing provident fund system; pay attention to the balance of funds; financial support for the establishment of a multi-level system of full range; provide rental and purchase channels; "comprehensive decent housing" standard; updating plan of public participation, key workers housing security issues. The conclusion from their advanced practice and philosophy. Many scholars have analyzed the dominant problems of affordable housing construction, such as the edge of suburbanization, the large-scale trend, the lack of public service facilities, to the city image and the negative impact of social security. The traditional research method is from the city location and planning level analysis, but the conclusion is often lost in the surface this study is based on the perspective of protection. Relationship between housing and city, between the affordable housing and city space between affordable housing and guarantee the healthy life style, affordable housing Between construction and operation mode of the three interrelated body problems, the relationship of low-income housing in the city space planning, construction, distribution, effect of operation will be in-depth, the formation of relevance, affordable housing and city space includes the city non balance between city and. The city itself not fair, was guarantees crowd their non balanced development, change the texture of life and social attribute cognition, planning and composite interface of hard boundaries, self growing self-organizing behavior of lead, power and property related to the protection of capital, mixed residential pattern and vacant housing and other aspects. From the point of view of the close degree affordable housing and City Association, three types and six seed types were formed between the affordable housing district and the city: self improvement in city development and relying on large enterprises and relying on the park type city; Superimposed in their city driven development and urban development relying on the composite sub type; plaque contains organic plots into update into the city and sub city of new type into subtypes. Based on each sub type, the size, distance and the main urban areas, improve the supporting facilities, employment and traffic characteristics of the post so do the research. The City Association under the affordable housing form analysis is one of the innovations of this paper based on the research. Through the above analysis, try to put forward the strategy of macro security housing construction system, city space medium security strategy based on the relevance of the city, low-income housing construction and residential public space residential design of micro strategies. Main results in this paper are also several aspects: 1. The macro strategy includes two aspects of legislation and system. First determine the affordable housing system in society Fairness, moderate protection, long-term dynamic, non balance of basic attributes, these attributes are some countries in common, some are endemic to China. From the protection of the main types of low-income housing, security standard, make suggestions for the construction of legal protection means in several main aspects, especially for migrant workers, new jobs college students, the introduction of various types of talents, the aging population do security object the long-term trend in anticipation. The system construction is the main building, the level of operation include: the way of raising funds, building construction and management framework, access standards and exit mechanism, information system construction and other aspects of the public.2, the concept of strategy research of city. The relevance of the city space is proposed based on group balance and housing mix; public transport oriented; diversified housing under the space location; compound interface of four aspects of thirteen specific strategies for this. Some specific application of general policy in three affordable housing types in the rules and put forward the corresponding improvement, such as self type is put forward in the relationship between industry and living resettlement, large transportation system, the relative neighborhood alienation and city building, the residential industry prospects update strategy. City superposition proposed quickly gathered popularity led the development of the way of building the network traffic, promote the living in compound community mode and strategy. In the plaques into type, how to shantytowns etc. combined with the security object and space, when the residents after the replacement, the city center in the two development of security community activation methods and principles of strategies such as.3, micro strategies. Low-income housing design strategy mainly put forward the space strategy of residential layout level, apartment layout and unit level types and combinations of design strategies, Use and transformation strategies for single space inside, the whole is a step by step to spatial scale by large and small, on a full range of security object is extracted. The living conditions of low-income housing and ordinary commercial housing different characteristics research in the area of the whole space level of focus, which is changing the designer only see two people in general, neglects the particularity of security objects, so as to put forward specific design strategies and tactics. Apartment layout unit, collected nearly 100 in recent years the implementation of affordable housing and commercial housing apartment layout large-sized apartment, the function system of the classification of ldbk, the different apartment layout do research. At the same time be arranged in multiple layers with the small high-rise, high-rise residential on the veranda style, corridor, unit type, tower type, combination type and other different characteristics of Yue Lang unit. In addition from the behavior of the human specific space scale, space correlation In terms of the comprehensive utilization of single space, we put forward the way of space replacement, the combination and split of the form, the local reorganization of the inner space and the support of the empty shell.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F299.23;TU241.93

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