新疆科技进步对经济增长的贡献评价

发布时间：2018-02-26 14:03

本文关键词： 科技进步经济增长广义贡献率狭义贡献率　出处：《新疆大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：强化实施科技兴新,建设创新型新疆,是新疆发展的重大战略。2010年中央新疆工作会议以后,新疆的发展速度进一步加快,虽然科技投入和科技创新的力度得到显著增强,但经济增长处于初级阶段的特征仍很明显,表现为粗放型增长、过度依靠投资拉动、资源初级开发比重过高等,在经济发展和科技进步方面与全国还有较大的差距。在建设创新型国家的形势下,新疆依靠科技进步转变经济发展的方式,实现可持续发展面临着比其他省区更大的压力。本文旨在通过深入研究科技进步促进经济增长的内在机制,从广义和狭义的角度分析科技进步对新疆经济增长的影响并与全国进行对比,从而找出新疆科技进步和经济增长中存在的问题、原因以及相应的解决办法。首先,从理论上研究了科技进步与经济增长的关系,科技进步的途径及其在经济增长中的作用,从产出的角度提出了狭义科技进步贡献率的理论和模型,比较全面地评价了科技进步贡献率指标的特性。其次,从经济增长和科技进步两个方面,分析了新疆的发展状况、特点,运用灰色关联分析等方法分析了新疆科技进步与经济增长相互作用机制和存在的互动关系,并与全国进行了比较。第三,对新疆和全国的广义科技进步贡献率、狭义科技进步贡献率进行了实证分析,找出了新疆与全国差异存在的原因,分析了加大科技进步贡献率的理论途径。第四,在理论和实证研究的基础上,提出了新疆提高科技进步贡献率的政策措施。本文得出如下主要结论:1.科技进步实质上是一种经济活动。对经济增长发挥作用是科技进步的根本目标和基本特性。检验科技进步是否有效,只能从科学技术应用后的产出规模是否得到扩大及其产品市场价值是否更好实现等状况上来考量。开展科技进步活动要考虑投入产出效应和机会成本问题。科技进步既是经济增长的内生因素,经济增长也为科技进步提供了内生动力。2.狭义科技进步是科技进步的核心。狭义科技进步贡献率去除其他影响经济增长因素后成为全要素生产率贡献率。经济增长中存在优先扩大生产规模,随后提高科技进步贡献率的现象。不必要求科技进步贡献率与经济增长同步提高,但适度超前提高科技进步贡献率水平有利于经济增长。加大研发的资金、劳动投入和提高要素产出弹性有助于提高科技进步贡献率。研发资金的增加要与研发劳动的投入协调增长,不能盲目片面地增加研发资金投入。3.新疆的科技进步相对全国比较滞后。主要表现为rd经费占gdp比重落后全国近20年,财政科技经费支出强度一直仅为全国的30%左右;2013年每万名就业人口拥有的rd活动折合全时人员数仅为全国的31%,拥有的专利申请受理量不足全国的四分之一;每万人年rd人员拥有发明专利授权数落后全国近十年,企业创新能力和高新技术产业化水平位居各省区市后列。其中rd经费和人员投入长期不足,rd人员创新活力不足、能力不强是新疆科技进步水平同全国产生差异的主要原因。4.新疆的科技进步与经济增长有密切关系。rd活动折合全时人员数、rd经费支出额、财政科技经费支出额和专利申请受理量、发明专利授权量等5个指标与下一年的经济增长是强正相关,这些指标的增长都能提高下一年的经济增长率。经济增长与下一年的这些指标也是强正相关。新疆科技创新的源头是以技术引进为主、自主创新为辅、技术溢出为补充。自主创新能力不足对新疆的经济增长产生很多负面影响。5.新疆的广义和狭义科技进步贡献率总体处于波动下滑过程中,与全国形成反差。1991~2013年新疆的广义和狭义科技进步贡献率分别为30.23%和50.91%,均低于全国39.81%、60.06%。主要原因在于,劳动力增长率和资本投入增幅高于全国,拉低了新疆的广义科技进步贡献率;新疆rd经费和人员投入低于全国,造成新疆狭义科技进步贡献率与全国有明显差距。广义科技进步贡献率小于狭义科技进步贡献率,提示科技进步带来的经济增长潜力没有充分发挥,新疆的潜力发挥的比全国更少。本文提出如下政策建议:1.加强科技进步主体工作。一是加强科学技术研究开发与推广应用,重点是大力开展科技创新活动,完善区域创新体系,加强科技人才队伍建设;二是提高劳动者素质,包括加强教育事业发展和对劳动力的技能培训。2.改善科技进步的环境条件。要建立有利于科技进步的制度环境,加大对科技的投入力度,提高科技投入的产出效率,加强知识产权的创造和保护。3.优化产业要素配置。调整劳动力在3个产业间的比例结构,通过提高投资的科技含量、发挥好先进企业和产业的技术外溢作用、促进企业的新陈代谢来调整优化新疆资本的投入结构。
[Abstract]:To strengthen the implementation of science and technology of new, innovative construction of Xinjiang,.2010 is a major strategic development of Xinjiang central work conference in Xinjiang, Xinjiang to further accelerate the pace of development, although the investment in science and technology innovation has been significantly enhanced, but the economic growth is characteristic of primary stage is obviously showed extensive growth, excessive rely on investment, resource development primary proportion higher, in terms of economic development and technological progress of the country. There is a large gap in the construction of innovative country situation, Xinjiang rely on scientific and technological progress in the transformation of economic development mode, to achieve sustainable development is facing greater pressure than other provinces. This paper aims at the internal mechanism through in-depth study the progress of science and technology to promote economic growth, from the broad and narrow sense of scientific and technological progress effect on economic growth in Xinjiang and the country in contrast, from To find the Xinjiang scientific and technological progress and economic growth in the existing problems, causes and corresponding solutions. First of all, from the theoretical study of the relationship between scientific and technological progress and economic growth, the way of science and technology progress and the role in economic growth, the narrow sense theory and model of technical progress contribution rate was put forward from the output perspective. Comprehensive evaluation of the characteristics of contribution rate of scientific and technological progress index. Secondly, from two aspects of economic growth and the progress of science and technology, analyzes the development status and characteristics of Xinjiang, using the gray correlation analysis method to analyze the Xinjiang science and technology progress and economic growth in the interaction mechanism and the existence of interaction, and compared with the nationwide third, in Xinjiang and the general scientific and technological progress contribution rate, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in the empirical analysis, find out the reasons of the existence of Xinjiang and national differences, analysis of the increase The way of theory contribution rate of scientific and technological progress. Fourth, on the basis of theoretical and empirical research, put forward Xinjiang to improve the contribution rate of science and technology policies and measures. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. the progress of science and technology is essentially a kind of economic activity. To play the role of economic growth is the fundamental goal and basic characteristics of science and technology progress. The inspection is valid only from the progress of science and technology, the application of science and technology after the scale of production is expanding and its market value is to achieve better conditions to consider. The activities of scientific and technological progress to consider the investment cost output effect and opportunity. The progress of science and technology is the inner factor of economic growth, economic growth is the progress of science and technology provides the endogenous the progress of science and technology is the core power of.2. in the progress of science and technology. As TFP contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in the removal of other factors affecting economic growth The rate of contribution rate. There are preferred to expand the scale of production in the economic growth, and enhance the contribution rate of technological progress. The phenomenon does not require the contribution rate of technological progress and economic growth increased, but moderate in advance to improve the contribution rate of technological progress level is conducive to economic growth. To increase the capital development, labor input and output elasticity of factors will help improve to improve the contribution rate of technological progress. To increase R & D and R & D investment funds increase the coordination of labor, can not increase R & D investment.3. Xinjiang science and technology progress is relatively lagging behind. The blind sided mainly for RD funds accounted for the proportion of GDP backward country for nearly 20 years, spending the intensity of financial technology funding has been only about 30% of the country 2013; every 10000 employment have Rd activity equivalent to full time personnel number is only 31% of the country, have the patent applications accepted less than 1/4 of the country; every 000 Rd staff have a number of invention patents and backward country for nearly ten years, the innovation capacity of enterprises and high tech industrialization level in the provinces. After the RD funds and personnel investment shortage for a long time, RD personnel lack of innovation and vitality, ability is the main reason for Xinjiang.4. science and technology progress level with the national differences in Xinjiang the scientific and technological progress and economic growth are closely related to.Rd activity equivalent to full time staff, spending Rd funds, fiscal expenditure and funding for science and technology patent applications, economic indicators 5 invention patents and next year's growth is strong positive correlation, the index of the growth can increase the rate of economic growth next year's economic growth. And these indicators next year is a strong positive correlation. The source of Xinjiang science and technology innovation is the introduction of technology, independent innovation as the technology spillover is added. The ability of independent innovation is not The foot of Xinjiang economic growth fluctuations in the overall contribution of the broad and narrow technological progress many negative effects.5. Xinjiang's rate of decline in the process of formation, with broad and narrow contrast.1991~2013 in Xinjiang science and technology progress rates were 30.23% and 50.91% and the country, all over the country were lower than 39.81%, the main reason is that the growth rate of 60.06%., labor and capital the input increase is higher than the national low Xinjiang general scientific and technological progress contribution rate; RD funds and personnel in Xinjiang is lower than the national, cause there is difference between the Xinjiang special contribution rate of technological progress and the broad sense. The contribution rate of technological progress is less than the narrow contribution rate of scientific and technological progress, the progress of science and technology that bring economic growth potential has not brought into full play, play Xinjiang's potential than the less. This paper proposes the following policy recommendations: 1. to strengthen the scientific and technological progress. The main work is to strengthen the scientific and technological research The development and application of the key is to vigorously carry out technological innovation activities, improve the regional innovation system, strengthen the construction of scientific and technical personnel; two is to improve the quality of workers, including the strengthening of the development of education and labor skills training to improve the progress of science and technology.2. environmental conditions. To create a favorable institutional environment for scientific and technological progress, increase investment in science and technology efforts to improve the scientific and technological input-output efficiency, strengthen the optimal allocation of the creation and protection of intellectual property rights. The elements of the.3. industry in the adjustment of labor force proportion structure of 3 industries, by increasing the content of science and technology investment, spillover effects play well advanced enterprise and industry technology, promote enterprises to adjust and optimize the investment structure of Xinjiang The new supersedes the old. capital.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F124.3

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