开放经济条件下中国生态服务的空间流动及其影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 18:49

  本文选题：生态服务　切入点：空间流动　出处：《云南大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态服务是自然生态系统及其生态过程中形成与所维持的人类赖以生存的环境条件和效用,是人类福利的重要来源。随着经济开放程度的日益提高,国家和区域间经济联系日益密切,生态服务的跨区域空间流动也日益频繁,并对国家和区域层次的可持续发展状态产生了重要的影响。本文针对开放条件下生态服务伴随着产品贸易出现大规模空间流动转移的现象,通过揭示隐含在产品贸易之后的生态服务流动来构建生态服务空间转移的理论与测度方法,并通过我国国际贸易和省际贸易中生态服务空间流动转移的测度研究,探讨生态服务空间转移对于我国可持续发展的影响。通过对生态服务空间转移理论与测度分析发现：生态服务的空间流动性主要源于生态系统的开放性和经济系统的开放性,生态服务流动因此具有非市场流动和市场流动两种形态,人类经济活动导致的生态服务空间流动具有流动的隐含性、伴随性和客观存在性几个特征。对于人类经济活动导致的生态服务空间流动可以从三个方面进行研究和测度：一是隐含自然资源,二是隐含能源和碳排放,三是隐含污染排放。在具体测度模型上可以使用生态足迹、虚拟水、水足迹对隐含自然资源进行测度；使用隐含能或碳足迹对隐含能源流动进行测度；使用隐含污染和污染足迹对隐含污染排放进行测度。通过对中国国际贸易中生态服务流动的实证研究发现,在研究时段内,中国隐含自然资源进口大于出口且呈现出增长态势,中国通过对外贸易实现了隐含自然资源向国内的净转移,转移量从1995年的6770.58万曲a增长到了2013年的到了24437.2万gha；在隐含污染排放方面,进口产品隐含的COD和S02排放量整体上低于出口产品,2002-2013年间国际贸易导致中国国内COD和S02排放量分别增加了1479.21万吨和611.89万吨,年均增排123.37万吨和50.98万吨；在隐含碳方面,除了2002-2004年外,出口产品隐含碳大于进口产品,整个研究时段内国际贸易导致中国碳排放增加了17.01亿吨。生态服务的国际流动对中国可持续发展态势产生了重要的影响。1995-2013年间,中国通过国际贸易输入的生态服务,每年平均减少生态赤字1.19亿曲a；由于国际贸易中的环境逆差,导致了COD整体减排任务推迟了5年完成,二氧化硫总体减排目标推迟1年完成。根据虚拟治理成本方法的评价,研究时段内贸易导致环境价值流入规模低于流出,中国处于环境价值交换的“赤字”状态,逆差最大的年份环境价值的流失达到了2335.46亿元。通过对中国省际生态服务流动的实证研究发现：从生态足迹的省际净流动格局来看,上海、浙江、天津、江苏、陕西、北京等15个省区在省区间贸易过程中从区域外获得了生态服务的输入。从隐含二氧化硫的省际净流动格局来看,30个省区中仅有北京、天津、吉林、上海、浙江、广东是隐含二氧化硫转移为正值。如果考虑到区域间的生态服务的流动,30个省区中有北京、天津、上海等14个省区生态负债得到缓解,河北、黑龙江、安徽、新疆等16个省区生态负债加大。如果考虑隐含二氧化硫排放在区域间的转移,以消费者角度来考核减排目标的完成,2010年实现减排目标省区数下降到26个,北京、天津、吉林、上海4个省市无法完成减排目标。
[Abstract]:The ecological service is maintained and the survival of the human environment and utility formation of natural ecosystem and ecological process, is an important source of human welfare. With the increasing degree of economic openness, between different countries and regions increasingly close economic ties, cross regional flow of ecosystem services are more and more frequent, and the state of sustainable development the national and regional level to have the important influence. According to the ecological service under open conditions with the emergence of large-scale space products trade transfer phenomenon, to construct the theory and measure method of ecological service space transfer through the ecological service flow reveals in the product trade after the research on the measurement of ecological service space and through international trade in China Interprovincial Trade and transfer, to explore the ecological service space transfer for China's sustainable development. Based on the The transfer of ecological service spatial analysis theory and found measure: open space mobility ecosystem services are mainly derived from the ecological system and open economic system, ecological service flow therefore has two forms of non market liquidity and market liquidity, the ecological service flow of human economic activity has led to the flow of implicit, incidental and the objective existence of several features. The human economic activity caused by ecological service space flow can be studied and measure from three aspects: one is the implied natural resources, the two is embodied energy and carbon emissions, pollution emissions. Three is implied in the specific measure model can be used on ecological footprint, virtual water, water footprint measure the implied natural resources; use hidden energy or carbon footprint to measure implicit energy flow; the use of hidden pollution and pollution footprint of embodied pollution Measure. Through empirical research on the flow of ecosystem services China in international trade, in the study period, China implied natural resources imports than exports and showing a growth trend, China through foreign trade to achieve a net transfer of implicit natural resources to China, the transfer amount to 2013 to 244 million 372 thousand from 67 million 705 thousand and 800 of GHA in 1995. The growth of a; in the embodied pollution, lower than the overall exports of imported products implied by the COD and S02 emissions, 2002-2013 years international trade leads to China domestic COD and S02 emissions were increased by 14 million 792 thousand and 100 tons and 6 million 118 thousand and 900 tons, an average annual increase of 1 million 233 thousand and 700 tons and 509 thousand and 800 tons; in the carbon, except for 2002-2004 years. Export of Embodied Carbon than imported products, throughout the study period of international trade leads to Chinese carbon emissions increased by 17.01 tons. The international flow of ecosystem services Have.1995-2013 years important influence in the state of sustainable development, Chinese through ecological service international trade input, reduce the annual average ecological deficit 119 million a; because the environment in the international trade deficit led to the overall COD emission reduction task was delayed 5 years to complete, two sulfur dioxide emission reduction targets the overall delay of 1 years to complete. According to the evaluation of virtual management the cost method, the study period trade leads to environmental value less than the size of the inflow outflow, China in environmental value exchange "deficit", the largest deficit year environmental value loss reached 233 billion 546 million yuan. Through the empirical research on the flow China provincial ecological service discovery: from the ecological footprint of the provincial net flow pattern, Shanghai. Zhejiang, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Beijing and other 15 provinces in the province interregional trade process from outside the region to get ecosystem services from input. The implied net flow pattern of sulfur dioxide in the provinces, 30 provinces in Tianjin, only Beijing, Jilin, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong is positive. If the implicit transfer of sulfur dioxide into the ecological service area between the flow of 30 provinces in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other 14 provinces ecological debt relief, Hebei. Heilongjiang, Anhui, Xinjiang and other 16 provinces ecological debt increase. If the transfer implied emission of sulfur dioxide in the regional considerations, to assess the emission reduction targets to the consumer point of view, to achieve emission reduction targets in 2010 dropped to 26 the number of provinces, Beijing, Tianjin, Jilin, Shanghai 4 provinces and cities to complete the emission reduction targets.

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F205
，

本文编号：1599451