旅游景区孤岛效应测度及逆变机理研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 11:43

  本文选题：旅游景区　切入点：孤岛效应　出处：《云南大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着我国旅游业的快速发展,不同类型、不同等级、不同地区的旅游景区也随之迅速成长。但在旅游景区发展的同时,景区圈“景”为“区”、“围城”式开发等问题严重,“孤岛”现象在旅游景区中日益凸显,景区和社区的差异越来越大,景区和社区的矛盾逐渐激化,成为阻碍景区可持续发展的重要问题。学者们虽然对旅游景区中的“孤岛”现象有所关注,但缺乏相应的系统研究。将“孤岛”理论应用到旅游景区发展中,立足于景区和社区和谐发展的视角,能够弥补相关理论研究的空白,也能为景区的可持续发展提供指导。基于上述分析,本文综合运用文献分析与问卷访谈相结合、定性分析与定量评价相结合、学科交叉与软件辅助相结合、横向比较与归纳总结相结合的研究方法,在阐明研究背景与问题、研究进展与述评、研究依据与方法、研究目的与意义、研究思路与框架的基础上(第一章)；以地理学、区域经济学、景观生态学、旅游学等相关理论为基础(第二章)；创造性提出旅游景区孤岛的概念,并系统的分析了旅游景区孤岛的提出、成因、演化、特征、类型等内容,初步建立了旅游景区孤岛理论框架(第三章)；在理论研究的基础上,构建了旅游景区孤岛效应指标体系和测度模型(第四章)；并以普者黑六大旅游景区为实证进行测度(第五章)；根据实证结果,从预警、“反规划”、调控三方面提出旅游景区孤岛效应逆变机理(第六章)；最后,提出了本文的研究结论和展望(第七章)。本文的主要观点和结论包括：(1)本文从微观的视角,将“孤岛”引入旅游景区研究范畴。旅游景区孤岛指景区与周边社区存在鲜明差异并缺少相互联系,形成孤立发展的旅游现象。旅游景区孤岛形象、直观地表达了景区和社区的隔离状态及割裂关系,为旅游景区研究和旅游影响研究提供新的独特视角。(2)旅游景区孤岛包括经济孤岛、社会孤岛、景观孤岛等类型,是一个从“初化→兴化→孤化→极化／融化”的演化过程,具有经济利益的割裂性、社会文化的挤出性和景观生态的破碎性等特征。其成因包括：在外部方面包括空间区位的锁闭性、发展模式的单一性、管理体制的多重性等,在内部方面包括利益追逐的驱动、社区参与的障碍、人为生态的破坏等。(3)旅游景区孤岛效应测度体系由1个目标层、3个子目标层、2大指标类型和21项具体指标构成,在熵值法确定指标权重的基础上,构建了“D/C”孤岛效应评价模型。其中,差异性指数(D)越大,孤岛效应越大：连接度指数(C)越大,孤岛效应越小。(4)普者黑六大旅游景区中,经济孤岛效应最高的是摆龙湖景区(4.4010),最低的是落水洞景区(0.4940) 社会孤岛效应最高的是山河湾景区(2.3649),最低的是落水洞景区(0.8125) 景观孤岛效应最高的是八道哨景区(1.3359),最低的是摆龙湖景区(0.3999)。从整体孤岛效应总值来看,普者黑旅游景区孤岛效应从高到低分别是经济孤岛(2.3663)、社会孤岛(1.2267)、景观孤岛(0.9768)。(5)旅游景区孤岛效应有三种逆变机理,即前逆变——预警机制,包括建立预警指标体系、确定预警界限值、制作预警信号图、发布预警信息等,中逆变——“反规划”机制,包括确定一个目标、采取四项分析、做好四个规划、进行两种反馈的旅游“反规划”流程,后逆变——调控机制,包括降低差异性、增强连接度、实施恢复管理等。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's tourism industry of different types, different grades, different regions of the tourist attractions also grew rapidly. But in the development of the tourism scenic scenic circle at the same time, "King" as the "area", "Besieged City" development seriously, "island" phenomenon has become increasingly prominent in the tourist attractions, the difference scenic resort community is more and more big, scenic spots and community contradictions intensified gradually, become the important problems hindering the sustainable development of the scenic area. Although scholars of tourist attractions in the "island" phenomenon is concerned, but the lack of corresponding system research. "Applied to the scenic island" in the development of the theory, based on the scenic spots and community the perspective of harmonious development, can make up for the blank of relevant theoretical research, provide guidance for sustainable development but also for the scenic area. Based on the above analysis, this paper uses literature analysis and questionnaire interviews, qualitative Analysis and quantitative evaluation of the combination of interdisciplinary and software combining research methods, compared with the combination of summary, the paper describes the research background and problems, research progress and review, research basis and method, research purpose and significance, research ideas and framework based on (the first chapter); in geography, regional economics, landscape ecology, tourism and other related theoretical basis (chapter second); put forward the concept of creative tourism island, and system analysis is put forward, scenic island origin, evolution, characteristics, types and contents, established the scenic island theoretical framework (Chapter third); based on the theory research on the construction of the tourism island effect index system and measurement model (Chapter fourth); and to measure the six major tourist attractions for Puzhehei empirical (Chapter fifth); according to the empirical results, from early warning, " The scenic area planning ", inverter islanding regulation mechanism in three aspects (the sixth chapter); finally, put forward the conclusion and prospects of this study (Chapter seventh). The main points and conclusions of this paper include: (1) from the micro perspective, the" island "in the tourism scenic area of scenic island areas. The scenic area and the surrounding community has distinctive differences and lack of contact with each other, the phenomenon of tourism development. Tourism scenic spots formed isolated island image, expressed in scenic and community isolation and separation, provides a new perspective for the study of the unique scenic spots and tourism research. (2) island tourist attractions including economic island. Social Island, island landscape types, is a" from the evolution of early, Xinghua, solitary, polarization / melt ", fragmented with economic interests, social culture and ecological landscape of extrusion The characteristics of broken. The causes include: locking of space location on the external side, a single model of development, multiplicity of the management system, including the pursuit of interest in the internal drive, community participation barriers, man-made ecological damage. (3) tourism island effect measurement system by 1 the target layer, 3 sub target layer, 2 indicators and 21 specific types of indicators, determine the index weight based on entropy method, constructed the "D/C" rating island effect model. The difference index (D) greater islanding more: Connectivity Index (C) greater. The island effect is small. (4) proposes six tourist attractions, economic Island effect is the highest placed Longhu scenic area (4.4010), the lowest is Luoshuidong area (0.4940) is the highest mountain community Island Bay Area (2.3649), the lowest is Luoshuidong area (0.8125) solitary landscape The island effect is highest in the eight post (1.3359), the lowest area is placed in Longhu scenic area (0.3999). The total value of the whole island effect, proposes the tourism scenic island effect from high to low are economic Island (2.3663), (1.2267), social island landscape Island (0.9768) (5) tourist attractions. There are three kinds of inverter islanding mechanism, namely before - inverter early warning mechanism, including the establishment of early-warning index system, determine the warning threshold value, making early warning signal, warning information, inversion -- "anti planning" mechanism, including the determination of a target, take four, do four planning, two the feedback of tourism "anti planning" process, after the inverter - regulation mechanism, including reducing the differences, enhance connectivity, restoration and management.

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F592
，

本文编号：1653317