合作与摩擦：中美贸易关系发展研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 20:09

  本文选题：中国　切入点：美国　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：自中美关系正常化以来,两国双边贸易关系的发展得到了前所未有的有利环境,中美贸易快速发展,两国贸易关系日益密切。同时,中美作为在世界经济中占有显著地位的经济体,两国贸易关系的健康发展,不仅会对中美两国经济产生巨大的推动作用,对于维护世界经济、贸易和金融体系的正常运行也有着重要的意义。因此,本文试图对中美贸易关系进行详细的考察,不仅是对已有研究的有益补充,也可以为中国在处理中美贸易问题时,提供一些参考。本文首先梳理了中美贸易关系发展的理论基础。中美贸易关系是中美关系的重要组成部分,同时也从属于中美关系,从属于各自的国家整体战略和对外战略。特别是中美贸易关系具有其历史复杂性,制度的差异、国家战略的冲突、历史的惯性都对两国贸易关系的发展有着重要的影响。所以理解中美贸易关系,不仅要基于经济利益的角度,还要综合考虑到非经济因素对两国经贸关系的影响。因此,本文不仅对国际贸易理论进行了梳理,也对国家利益理论、相互依存理论和国际合作理论等国际关系理论进行了阐释,为中美贸易关系的进一步分析提供理论基础。为试图厘清历史与现实的联系,深入理解中美贸易关系发展的现状,本文又对中美贸易关系发展的历史与现状进行了考察,在此基础上指出了中美贸易关系发展过程中的特点。毋庸讳言,当今的中美贸易关系中带有更多的“美国主导”色彩,美国政府的政策选择对中美贸易关系发展有着至关重要的影响,因此,本文在对美国对华贸易政策演变和特点进行总结的基础上,对中美两国贸易政策的协调与互动进行了分析。通过对中美贸易发展发展历史的分析,可以发现随着中美两国经贸关系的深化,两国贸易的相互依存性也在不断提高。这种提高既是经济全球化的必然趋势,也是中美两国贸易快速发展的结果。在此基础上,进一步指出中美两国的相互依存是一种不对称的依存,从现状来看,中国对美国的依存度要更高一些,这也使得美国在中美贸易中获得了更大的“权力”,往往成为施压的一方,而中国被动应对。中美贸易的相互依存对中美贸易关系发展的影响具有两面性,一方面会加大两国发生贸易冲突的可能性,另一方面相互依存所导致的高昂“退出”成本,也会限制贸易摩擦爆发的程度,使其成为维系两国贸易关系稳定发展的基石。虽然中美贸易的相互依存推动了中美贸易关系的不断前行,但随着中美贸易关系的日益紧密,贸易失衡日益加剧,贸易摩擦愈演愈烈,人民币汇率纷争不断,对中美贸易关系的发展产生了极大的负面影响。中美贸易失衡是多种因素共同作用结果,贸易失衡强化了中美贸易关系的不确定性、加剧了两国贸易关系的不对称性,是引发贸易摩擦的主要原因之一。除贸易失衡外,中美贸易摩擦产生的原因错综复杂,既有经济上的因素,也有政治上的原因。对于中美之间的贸易摩擦应理性看待,贸易摩擦是中国实力强大的必然产物,也不是中美贸易关系发展的主流。针对美国对中国人民币汇率问题的指责,本文还以汇率理论为基础,对中美间人民币汇率之争进行了分析。在考察了人民币升值与中美贸易差额关系的基础上,认为人民币汇率并不是中美贸易失衡的主要原因,美国迫使人民币升值并不是单纯从经济利益的角度出发,还有着深远的战略目的。最后,通过前文的分析,本文对中美贸易关系的发展前景进行了判断。首先指出由于相互依存所形成的共同利益的增长以及中美贸易发展的障碍短期内很难解决,中美贸易关系将在波折中不断前行。中美贸易关系是中国对外经济关系中最重要的一环,为促进中美贸易关系的健康发展,必须将中美贸易关系放到战略高度去考察。本文提出了独立自主、和平和双赢应该是中美贸易关系发展中的战略定位,并从增强互信、缓解贸易失衡和妥善应对贸易摩擦三个方面提出了促进中美贸易关系发展的对策。
[Abstract]:Since the normalization of Sino US relations, the development of bilateral trade relations have a favorable environment hitherto unknown, rapid development of Sino US trade, trade relations between the two countries is increasingly close. At the same time, as the economy occupies a significant position in the world economy, the healthy development of trade relations between the two countries, will not only have a great impetus to the economy of both countries and for the maintenance of the world economy, but also have important significance to the normal operation of trade and financial system. Therefore, this paper attempts to make a detailed investigation on the Sino US trade relations, not only is a useful supplement to the existing research, can also be China in dealing with Sino US trade issues, provide some reference. This paper reviews the theoretical basis Sino US trade relations. Sino US trade relations is an important part of Sino US relations, but also belongs to the Sino US relations, the whole country belongs to The strategy and foreign strategy. Especially the Sino US trade relations with the complexity of history, institutional differences, conflicts of national strategy, the inertia of history has an important influence on the development of trade relations between the two countries. So the understanding of Sino US trade relations, not only to the economic interests of the perspective but also considering the influence of non economic factors the economic relations between the two countries. Therefore, this paper not only summarizes the theory of international trade, but also on the national interest theory, interdependence theory and international cooperation theory of international relations theory to explain, and provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of Sino US trade relations. To clarify the relationship between history and reality in order to understand the current situation of Sino US trade. Development of the relationship between the studied history and current situation of the development of Sino US trade relations, on the basis that the Sino US trade relations development process Features. Needless to say, the Sino US trade relations with more "US led" color, the U.S. government policy choice on the development of Sino US trade relations have an important impact, therefore, this paper based on the summary of the US China trade policy evolution and characteristics, coordination and interaction of bilateral trade between China and the United States. Are analyzed. Through the analysis of the development of Sino US trade development history, can be found along with the deepening of Sino US economic and trade relations, bilateral trade interdependence has been improved. This improvement is the inevitable trend of economic globalization, but also the rapid development of Sino US trade results. On this basis, further pointed out that the interdependence between China and the United States is a kind of asymmetric dependence, from the current situation, the United States China dependence to be higher, which also makes the United States in the Sino US trade. A greater "power", often become the pressure side, and China passive response. Sino US trade interdependence influence on the development of Sino US trade relations has two sides, one hand will increase the possibility of bilateral trade conflicts, on the other hand, interdependence caused by the high cost of the "exit", will also limit the extent of the outbreak of trade friction, make it become the cornerstone to maintain stable development of trade relations between the two countries. Although the Sino US trade interdependence promote Sino US trade relations continue to move forward, but with the Sino US trade relations have become increasingly close, the growing trade imbalance, trade friction intensified, the RMB exchange rate disputes, has great negative effects on the development of Sino US trade relations. Sino US trade imbalance is the result of interaction of many factors, the trade imbalance and strengthen the Sino US trade relationship between uncertainty, increased two The asymmetry of the country trade relations, is one of the main causes of trade friction. In addition to the trade imbalance, the reasons for the Sino US trade friction is perplexing the economic factor, and there are also political reasons for the trade friction between China and the United States should be a rational view, trade friction is inevitable China powerful, mainstream is not a Sino US trade development. According to the Chinese accused the United States on the issue of RMB exchange rate, the exchange rate theory based on the argument of RMB exchange rate between China and the United States are analyzed. On the basis of RMB appreciation and the Sino US trade balance relation, the RMB exchange rate is not that the main reason of the Sino US trade imbalance, the United States forcing the appreciation of the renminbi is not only from the economic point of view, there is a far-reaching strategic objectives. Finally, through the above analysis, this paper on Sino US trade The prospects for the development of easy relations were judged. Firstly pointed out that due to the short common interests interconnected by the formation of the growth and development of Sino US trade barriers is difficult to solve, the Sino US trade relations will continue to move forward in the twists and turns. The Sino US trade relationship is the most important part of China in foreign economic relations, to promote the healthy development of Sino US trade the relationship between Sino US trade relations, must be on a strategic height to study. This paper presents independent, peaceful and win-win should be the strategic orientation of Sino US trade relations in development, and in enhancing mutual trust, reduce trade imbalances and properly handle trade frictions and puts forward some countermeasures for promoting the development of Sino US trade relations in three aspects.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.7;F757.12
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本文编号：1659841