科技中介嵌入性与集群绩效关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 14:25

本文选题：关系嵌入 + 结构嵌入　；参考：《浙江工业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：席卷而来的全球化浪潮在带来发展机遇的同时,也导致了生产要素的重新整合和再分配。为对抗跨国巨头和大型企业依靠其自身固有渠道及技术、资本、人力等方面优势对资源的进一步归集,同业中小企业在地理上集聚形成产业集群,通过规模报酬、区域品牌等集聚优势参与市场竞争。同时,技术交叉整合的趋势进一步加剧,仅依靠个体企业有限内部资源的线性创新模式逐渐被强调交换、互补、学习的网络式创新模式所取代。而当集群企业从内部转向外部寻求新的创新资源时,面对纷繁外界信息往往无所适从,甚至部分企业因认知水平、维护成本等因素对初期因地理临近而形成的资源载体和竞争模式产生路径依赖,进而导致出现集群的技术锁定。而科技中介以信息和资源交换为主营业务,可以有效拓展企业资源获取的广度,交叉地位所带的信息优势又能进一步增加企业资源获取的深度,被认为是集群绩效提升的重要推动因素,引起了学术界的关注。然而在当前研究中,实践层次的现状分析、经验总结、概念辨析、宏观对策较多,而站在微观角度从科技中介自身特征出发系统分析其作用机制的较少,与其相关的实证研究更是凤毛麟角。因此,本文综合运用集群发展、嵌入性、创新网络等理论,围绕“科技中介如何影响集群绩效”这一核心问题,采用理论研究与实证研究相结合、文献阅读与实地调查相结合、定性研究和定量研究相结合的方法,通过以下部分展开逐步深入的研究:(1)文献述评与理论发展。通过对集群形成发展、嵌入性、创新网络等理论的梳理回顾,找出现有研究的不足,确定合适的研究切入点,并通过相似概念的对比辨析科技中介的概念及内涵,形成本文论证的基础。(2)概念模型的构建。通过进一步的文献展开,从“嵌入性”视角将科技中介与集群内其他行动者的联结关系归纳为关系嵌入和结构嵌入两个维度,分别剖析其对于集群绩效的影响过程和影响机制,提出相应的概念模型。(3)实证研究。结合41个浙江省产业集群示范区的统计数据和461家企业的有效调研数据,运用因子分析、层次回归分析等数理方法对模型所包含的假设进行了实验检验,最终确认了科技中介嵌入性对集群绩效的作用机制模型。通过以上研究论证工作,本文主要得到如下结论:(1)科技中介关系嵌入对集群绩效存在积极的影响。依据科技中介对企业创新活动的不同辅助方面,可以从内容视角将科技中介在集群中的关系嵌入性分为资源搜索嵌入、交流沟通嵌入和商业化嵌入三个子项。资源搜索嵌入可以丰富企业知识源,增加获取信息的异质性,提升获得互补性资源的可能性,并进一步降低企业的搜索成本,利于企业绩效的提升。科技中介的交流沟通嵌入可以激发企业进行技术交流、参与技术合作的意愿,促成集群内产业联盟的形成,增强企业的认知能力,减少技术转移障碍,促进集群内知识的传播和扩散,从而促进集群绩效的提升。科技中介的商业化嵌入可以通过提供第三方评估等形式减少信息的不对称性,促成技术转移的达成,并以成果转化的方式向集群提供新的技术,进而推动集群发展。(2)科技中介的结构嵌入对集群绩效存在积极的影响。结构嵌入可以从中心度和占据结构洞两个维度来考量,科技中介的中心度越高、所占据的结构洞越多,越能促进集群绩效的提升。当科技中介位于网络中心时,依靠其显著的信息优势和丰富的联结渠道可以减少集群中信息传播的失真和衰减,加速技术的转移与扩散,优化集群的内部发展环境。科技中介能够从结构洞中取得特殊的信息收益,利于业务能力的提升。此外,在集群网络中占据较多结构洞意味着其较好的弥补了网络中的关系断层,对网络产生了积极的黏合作用,缩减了企业维持必要关系联结的成本,对集群发展起到了积极作用。(3)科技中介结构嵌入在其关系嵌入对集群绩效的影响机制中发挥部分调节作用。科技中介的中心度和占据结构洞对其资源搜索嵌入性、交流沟通嵌入性与集群绩效之间的关系存正向的调节作用,而对商业化嵌入促进集群绩效增长的过程没有显著的影响。较高的网络地位能够带来丰富而特殊的信息优势,使科技中介能够掌握更多的异质性资源,获得更高的信息操作能力,便于更好的开展业务活动,从而加深与企业之间的关系。(4)从结构嵌入角度可以将科技中介进行分类。从科技中介自身性质的微观角度着手,以其中心度及所占据的结构洞为基本测量维度,可以将科技中介分为基本型、冗余型、边缘型、桥接型四种基本形式。然而,由于笔者时间、经历、研究水平所限,本文研究仍存在部分不足之处,对此本文最后一章进行了归纳总结,并指出了后续深入研究的主要方向。
[Abstract]:At the same time, the wave of globalization has brought about the development opportunities, and also led to the reintegration and redistribution of the production factors. Through scale reward, regional brand and other agglomeration advantages participate in the market competition. At the same time, the trend of technical cross integration is further intensified. The linear innovation model that relies solely on the limited internal resources of individual enterprises is gradually emphasized in exchange, complementarity and learning by network innovation model. In the face of new resources, it is often lost in the face of numerous external information. Even some enterprises depend on the factors such as cognitive level and maintenance cost, such as the resource carrier and competition mode formed by geographical proximity. To expand the breadth of enterprise resource acquisition, the information advantage of intersecting position can further increase the depth of enterprise resource acquisition. It is considered as an important driving factor for the promotion of cluster performance, which has aroused the attention of the academic circle. However, in the current research, the current situation analysis, experience summary, concept discrimination and macro countermeasures are more in the current research. From the micro point of view, from the characteristics of science and technology intermediaries, it is very rare to analyze the mechanism of its action, and the empirical research is very rare. Therefore, this paper comprehensively uses the theory of cluster development, embeddedness, innovation network and so on, and uses theoretical research and reality around the core issue of "how technology intermediary affects cluster performance". The combination of evidence research, literature reading and field investigation, qualitative research and quantitative research combined, through the following parts to carry out a gradual and in-depth study: (1) literature review and theoretical development. Through the review of the formation and development of cluster, embeddedness, innovation network and other theories, find out the lack of research and determine the appropriate In this paper, the concept and connotation of science and technology intermediaries are analyzed and analyzed through the comparison of similar concepts. (2) the construction of the conceptual model. Through further literature, from the perspective of "embeddedness", the connection between scientific and technological intermediaries and other actors in the cluster is divided into two dimensions of relationship Embeddedness and structure embeddedness. Analysis of the impact process and impact mechanism on the cluster performance, and put forward the corresponding conceptual model. (3) empirical study, combined with the statistical data of 41 Zhejiang industrial cluster demonstration areas and the effective data of 461 enterprises, using factor analysis, hierarchical regression analysis and other mathematical methods to test the hypothesis contained in the model test. Through the above research and demonstration, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the embeddedness of technology intermediary relations has a positive impact on the cluster performance. According to the different auxiliary aspects of the technological intermediary to the enterprise innovation activities, the scientific and technological intermediary can be used in the science and technology from the content perspective. The embeddedness in the cluster is divided into three sub items: resource search embedding, communication Embeddedness and commercialization. Resource search and embeddedness can enrich enterprise knowledge sources, increase the heterogeneity of acquisition information, enhance the possibility of obtaining complementary resources, and further reduce the search cost of enterprises, and facilitate the promotion of enterprise performance. Intermediary communication and communication embeddedness can stimulate enterprises to exchange technology, participate in technical cooperation, promote the formation of industrial alliance within the cluster, enhance the cognitive ability of enterprises, reduce the barriers to transfer of technology, promote the spread and diffusion of knowledge within the cluster, and promote the promotion of cluster performance. The commercial embedding of the intermediary of science and technology can pass through Third party assessment and other forms are provided to reduce information asymmetry, contribute to the achievement of technology transfer, and provide new technologies to the cluster by the way of transformation. (2) the structural embeddedness of scientific and technological intermediaries has a positive impact on the cluster performance. The structure embeddedness can be examined from the two dimensions of the central degree and the occupying structure hole. The higher the center degree of the science and technology intermediary, the more the structure holes occupy, the more the structure can promote the promotion of the cluster performance. When the science and technology intermediary is located in the network center, it can reduce the distortion and attenuation of the information transmission in the cluster by its significant information advantage and rich connection channel, and optimize the internal development of the cluster with the transfer and diffusion of speed technology. Environment. Technology intermediary can obtain special information revenue from the structure of the structure, which is beneficial to the promotion of business capability. In addition, the occupying more structural holes in the cluster network means that it can make up for the relationship fault in the network, have a positive bonding effect on the network, reduce the cost of the enterprise to maintain the necessary relationship, and set up a group. (3) the embedment of technology intermediary structure is partially regulated by its embeddedness in the impact mechanism of relationship embeddedness on the impact mechanism of cluster performance. The centrality of scientific and technological intermediaries and occupying structural holes have a positive regulating effect on the relationship between resource search and embeddedness, communication Embeddedness and cluster performance, and the commercial Embeddedness is promoted. The process of the growth of cluster performance has no significant impact. Higher network status can bring rich and special information advantages, so that technology intermediaries can master more heterogeneous resources, obtain higher information operation ability, facilitate better business activities, and deepen the relationship between enterprises. (4) from the perspective of structural Embeddedness We can classify the intermediary of science and technology. From the micro angle of the nature of science and technology intermediary, we can divide the scientific intermediary into four basic forms, such as the basic form, the redundancy, the edge type and the bridge type. However, the research still exists because of the limitation of the author's time, experience and the research level. In this part, the last chapter is summarized, and the main direction of further research is pointed out.

【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F273.1

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