农户感知价值对其农业废弃物资源化行为的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 04:20

  本文选题：农业废弃物 + 资源化行为　； 参考：《华中农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：统计显示,我国农业生产过程中,每年大约会产生30亿吨畜禽粪便和大约7亿吨的作物秸秆1。受传统农业观念的影响,大多数农户将作物秸秆和畜禽粪便当做废弃物来处理,对于作物秸秆,往往直接丢弃或就地焚烧,造成了严重的空气污染;对于畜禽粪便,随意排放的现象较为普遍,不仅污染空气,还会传播致病菌,给人类的健康带来危害。同时,粗放的处理方式还造成农业废弃物中大量有机物质的浪费,不利于社会的可持续发展和生态文明建设。农户是农业生态环境行为的主体,是参与农业废弃物资源化利用的主力军,农户对农业废弃物资源化利用的价值评判决定其参与意愿,在农业发展方式转变和农业生态文明建设中起关键作用。由于农户受传统观念的影响,不重视农业废弃物的资源化利用,加之资源化利用能力相对不足,使这些宝贵的资源被当作垃圾处理或丢弃。更糟糕的是,这些农业废弃物直接丢弃会污染水体、污染空气、传播病菌、危害农田生态环境、最终还会威胁农产品质量安全。要从根本上解决农业废弃物污染与环境保护的矛盾,需要转变农户农业废弃物处理观念,提高农户对农业废弃物资源化的感知价值,降低感知风险,重视农业废弃物的资源化价值,调动农户生态环境行为的积极性,大力培育和形成农户农业废弃物资源化行为的意愿和行为具有现实性和紧迫性。本文以湖北省和重庆市的815个有效样本农户为研究对象,以感知价值相关理论为基础,主要运用结构方程模型的研究方法,对基于感知价值的农户农业废弃物资源化利用行为开展研究。研究内容主要包括分析农业废弃物资源化利用的必要性、利用潜力和主要利用方式;提炼和开发了农户农业废弃物资源化感与利益和感知风险的测量维度和测量量表,运用结构方程模型建模方法探讨了农户在感知利益和感知风险因素权衡下,对农户农业废弃物资源化感知价值、资源化意愿与资源化行为的关系进行研究,构建了农户农业废弃物资源化感知价值权衡因素模型、农户农业废弃物资源化行为决策整体模型;厘清了农户农业废弃物资源化感知价值的形成机理,进而对两个模型进行了实证检验;基于研究结果,结合实证分析结果,本研究从政府、企业、农户三个方面提出促进农业废弃物资源化利用的对策建议。通过研究,得到以下基本结论:(1)农户农业废弃物资源化价值感知水平低,资源化行为低于意愿。大多数被调查样本农户能够认识到农业废物的资源价值,认为农业废弃物资源化是有价值的,这说明农户对农业废弃物的资源化利用是有潜在积极性的。然而,值得注意的是,就农业废弃物资源化价值的感知水平来看,感知价值的均值为1.2037,说明农户对农业废弃物资源化价值感知的总体水平并不高。同时,研究显示农户农业废弃物资源化意愿的均值要高于农户农业废弃物资源化行为。农户存在意愿与行为不一致的现象,农户农业废弃物资源化行为是多种因素共同作用的结果。(2)农业废弃物资源化感知价值是基于感知利益和感知风险的权衡。农户农业废弃物资源化感知利益可以概括为三个维度:感知基本利益、感知生态利益、感知社会利益;农户农业废弃物资源化感知风险同样可以概括为三个维度:感知经济风险、感知心理风险、感知情境风险。(3)农业废弃物资源化感知利益的三个维度对农户农业废弃物总体感知利益的影响程度依次为感知社会利益(FPSB)感知基本利益(FPBB)感知生态利益(FPEB),影响路径系数分别为0.70、0.65、0.61。具体来讲,农户对农业废弃物资源化社会利益的社会认可方面感知最高,责任分担和特殊待遇感知次之;农户对农业废弃物资源化基本利益的资源性方面的因素感知较高,经济性方面的因素感知较低;农户对农业废弃物资源化生态利益的环保性利益感知最高,安全性利益和健康性利益感知次之。这同时也反映出,农户对农业废弃物面源污染的安全风险认识不到位。(4)农业废弃物资源化感知风险的三个维度对农户农业废弃物总体感知风险的影响程度依次为感知心理风险(FPPR)感知情境风险(FPSR)感知经济风险(FPER),影响路径系数分别为0.76、0.61、0.46。具体来讲,农户对农业废弃物资源化心理风险的知识风险和时间风险方面感知较高,空间风险方面的感知次之;农户对农业废弃物资源化情境风险的设施技术方面的因素感知较高,政策情境和群体压力方面的因素感知次之,行为后果方面的因素感知最低。这同时也反映出,农户对农业废弃物面源污染后果的严重性认识不足;农户对农业废弃物资源化经济风险的机会成本风险感知较高,货币风险和效益风险感知次之。这与调研中大多数样本农户认为“与其花时间处理农业废弃物,不如外出打工更赚钱”一致,反映出从事农业生产的比较效益较低。(5)农户资源化感知价值通过资源化意愿间接影响其资源化行为。农户农业废弃物资源化感知价值(FPV)对其资源化行为(FRB)产生正相关的直接效应和间接效应,直接效应估计值为0.203,间接效应估计值为0.034。说明农户农业废弃物资源化感知价值直接或通过其资源化意愿间接影响农户农业废弃物资源化行为。(6)感知利益对农户农业废弃物资源化意愿的影响高于感知风险。就农户农业废弃物资源化意愿而言,农户农业废弃物资源化感知利益对其资源化意愿的影响效应为0.471,农户农业废弃物资源化感知风险对其感知价值的影响效应为-0.229。这说明农户感知利益对其资源化意愿的影响高于感知风险对其资源化意愿的影响。换句话说,农业废弃物资源化感知利益高的农户往往其农业废弃物资源化意愿就高。因此,提高农户农业废弃物资源化感知利益有利于提高农户农业废弃物资源化意愿程度。(7)感知风险对农户农业废弃物资源化行为的影响高于感知利益。就农户农业废弃物资源化行为而言,农户农业废弃物资源化感知利益对其资源化行为的影响效应为0.360,农户农业废弃物资源化感知风险对其资源化行为的影响效应为-0.384。这说明,在农户真正进行农业废弃物资源化行为决策时,感知风险对其资源化行为的影响要大于感知利益对其资源化行为的影响。(8)激励型政策对农户资源化意愿-行为的影响高于约束型政策。激励型政策(Motivational Policy)为正向调节农户农业废弃物资源化意愿(FRI)对农户农业废弃物资源化行为(FRB)路径影响的调节变量,具有显著的调节作用,也就是说,激励型政策比约束型政策对农户农业废弃物资源化意愿-行为的影响更显著。因此,政府在制定政策时应适当采取激励型政策措施。为促进我国农业废弃物的资源化利用,政府应加强宣传引导,组织农业废弃物资源化利用的相关知识与技术培训,制定有利于农业废弃物资源化利用的政策,重视农业废弃物资源化利用基础设施建设,创造良好的农业废弃物资源化利用环境;企业应积极参与农业废弃物资源化利用行为,提供农业废弃物资源化载体与技术支持,起到典型示范的作用,拓展农业废弃物资源化产业发展渠道,实现规模效益,提高农业废弃物的资源价值,促进农业废弃物资源化利用的产业化发展;农户应提高对农业废弃物资源化的价值感知水平,降低农业废弃物资源化利用的风险感知水平,发挥农户的主体主导作用,提高农业废弃物资源化利用的积极性。总体来说,本文基于农户这一微观主体,定量研究农户对农业废弃物资源化的感知价值及其影响因素,分析农户农业废弃物资源化感知价值的形成机理,探索农户农业废弃物资源化感知价值对其资源化利用意愿-行为的影响,选题具有一定探索性;本研究基于感知价值理论,并将其应用于农户对农业废弃物资源化感知价值的形成机理分析和农业废弃物资源化行为的研究中,视角具有一定的创新性。此外,本文开发设计了农户农业废弃物资源化感知价值的测量量表和测量模型,对农户农业废弃物资源化感知价值的形成机理进行了深入分析,具有一定创新性。
[Abstract]:Statistics show that in the process of agricultural production, about 30 million tons of livestock and poultry excrement and about 7 million tons of crop straw are affected by the traditional agricultural concept each year. Most farmers treat crop straw and livestock and poultry manure as waste, and the crop straw is often directly discarded or burned in situ, causing serious air pollution. The casual discharge of livestock and poultry excrement is more common, not only polluting the air, but also spreading pathogenic bacteria, causing harm to human health. At the same time, extensive treatment also causes the waste of a large amount of organic matter in agricultural waste, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the society and the construction of ecological civilization. The farmers are the agricultural ecological environment behavior. The main body is the main force to participate in the utilization of agricultural waste resources. The value judgment of farmers' utilization of agricultural waste resources determines its willingness to participate, and plays a key role in the transformation of agricultural development mode and the construction of agricultural ecological civilization. The resource utilization ability is relatively inadequate, so that these valuable resources are treated as garbage disposal or discarded. Worse, these agricultural wastes will pollute the water body, pollute the air, spread the bacteria, endanger the ecological environment of the farmland, and ultimately threaten the quality of agricultural products. The contradiction of protection needs to change farmers' concept of agricultural waste disposal, improve farmers' perceived value of agricultural waste resources, reduce perceived risk, pay attention to the resource value of agricultural waste, arouse the enthusiasm of farmers' ecological environment behavior, and cultivate and form the willingness and behavior of farmers' agricultural waste resources. In this paper, 815 effective samples of farmers in Hubei and Chongqing are taken as the research object, based on the theory of perceived value, and the research method of structural equation model is mainly used to study the behavior of agricultural waste resource utilization based on perceived value. The main contents of this study include the analysis of agricultural waste. The necessity of resource utilization, the utilization of potential and the main ways of utilization, the measurement dimension and measurement scale of farmers' sense of resource and perceived risk are extracted and developed, and the structure equation modeling method is used to discuss farmers' agricultural waste resources on the balance of perceived benefits and perceived risk factors. The relationship between the perceived value and the resource-based will and the relationship between the resource-based behavior is studied. The factor model of the perceived value of farmers' agricultural waste resources is constructed, and the overall model of the agricultural waste resource utilization decision is made. The formation mechanism of the perceived value of the agricultural waste resources is clarified, and the two models are also carried out. Based on the results of the study, combined with the results of the empirical analysis, the research from three aspects of the government, enterprises and farmers to promote the utilization of agricultural waste resources. Through the study, the following basic conclusions are obtained: (1) the value perception of agricultural waste resources of farmers is low, and the behavior of resources is lower than will. Most of the samples are investigated. Farmers can recognize the value of agricultural waste resources, think that agricultural waste resource is valuable, which shows that the utilization of agricultural waste resources is potential positive. However, it is worth noting that the perceived value of the value of agricultural waste resources is 1.2037, indicating that farmers are right. The overall level of the value perception of agricultural waste resources is not high. At the same time, the study shows that the mean value of farmers' agricultural waste resource utilization is higher than that of agricultural waste resource utilization. The phenomenon of peasant household's intention and behavior is not consistent, and the agricultural waste resource utilization is the result of various factors. (2) agriculture The perceived value of waste resource utilization is based on the trade-off between perceived benefit and perceived risk. The perceived benefits of agricultural waste resources can be summarized into three dimensions: perception of basic interests, perception of ecological interests, and perceived social interests; the perceived risk of agricultural waste resources in farmers can be summarized as three dimensions: perceived economic risk, (3) the influence degree of the three dimensions of agricultural waste resource perception on the overall perceived benefit of agricultural waste in farmers is the perceived social interest (FPSB) perceived basic interest (FPBB) perceived ecological benefits (FPEB), and the impact path coefficient is 0.70,0.65,0.61., respectively. The social recognition of the social benefits of industrial waste resources is the highest, the sharing of responsibility and the perception of special treatment are the second. The farmers are more aware of the resources in the basic interests of agricultural waste resources, and the factors of economic factors are lower. At the same time, the security interests and health interests are perceived to be the second. This also reflects that farmers' awareness of the safety risk of agricultural waste non-point source pollution is not in place. (4) the three dimensions of the perceived risk of agricultural waste resource perception on the overall perceived risk of agricultural waste are in the sense of perceived psychological risk (FPPR). Risk (FPSR) perception of economic risk (FPER), the impact of the path coefficient is 0.76,0.61,0.46. specifically speaking, farmers are more aware of the knowledge risk and time risk of the psychological risk of agricultural waste resources, the perception of space risk is second, and the farmer's sense of the situation risk of agricultural waste resources in the facilities and technology At the same time, it also reflects that farmers are less aware of the serious consequences of agricultural waste non-point source pollution, and that farmers' perceived cost risks of agricultural waste resource utilization are higher, monetary risk and benefit wind. Risk perception is second. Most of the sample farmers in the survey think that "it is better to spend more time to deal with agricultural waste than going out to work and make more money", which reflects the relatively low comparative benefit of agricultural production. (5) the perceived value of resource utilization of farmers indirectly affects its resource-based behavior through the willingness of resources. FPV has a direct and indirect effect on its FRB. The estimation value of the direct effect is 0.203. The indirect effect estimate is 0.034., which indicates that the perceived value of agricultural waste resources is directly or indirectly influenced by the willingness of the agricultural waste. (6) the perceived benefit to agriculture. The influence of farmers' agricultural waste resource perception interest on their resource willingness is 0.471, and the effect of agricultural waste resource perception risk on their perceived value is -0.229., which explains the sense of farmers' sense of farmers' sense of agricultural waste. The influence of knowledge interest on its resource will is higher than that of perceived risk. In other words, farmers with high awareness of agricultural waste resources tend to be more willing to utilize agricultural waste resources. Therefore, improving the perceived benefit of agricultural waste resources is beneficial to the improvement of farmers' agricultural waste resources. (7) the impact of perceived risk on Farmers' agricultural waste resource utilization is higher than that of perceived benefit. In terms of farmers' agricultural waste resources, the impact of farmers' agricultural waste resource perception on their resource-based behavior is 0.360, and the impact of agricultural waste resources perceived risk on their resource behavior is influenced by farmers' agricultural waste. The effect is -0.384., which indicates that the impact of perceived risk on its resource-based behavior is greater than the impact of perceived benefit on its resource-based behavior. (8) the incentive policy has a higher impact on the willingness and behavior of farmers' resource-based behavior than the constrained policy. Incentive policy (Motivational Policy). In order to adjust the adjustment variables of farmers' agricultural waste resource utilization (FRI) on Farmers' agricultural waste resource utilization (FRB) path, the incentive policy has a more significant impact on the willingness and behavior of agricultural waste resources. Therefore, the government is making policy. In order to promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste in China, the government should strengthen the propaganda and guidance, organize the related knowledge and technical training for the utilization of agricultural waste resources, formulate policies that are beneficial to the utilization of agricultural waste resources, and attach importance to the construction of the infrastructure of agricultural waste resource utilization and the creation of the infrastructure for the utilization of agricultural wastes. Good agricultural waste resources utilization environment; enterprises should actively participate in the utilization of agricultural waste resources, provide the carrier and technical support of agricultural waste resources, play the role of typical demonstration, expand the development channels of agricultural waste resources, realize scale benefit, improve the value of agricultural waste resources and promote agriculture. The industrial development of the utilization of industrial waste resources; farmers should improve the level of perceived value of the value of agricultural waste resources, reduce the risk perception level of agricultural waste resource utilization, play the dominant role of farmers, and improve the utilization of agricultural waste. The quantitative study of farmers' perceived value of agricultural waste resources and its influencing factors, analysis the formation mechanism of the perceived value of agricultural waste resources and explore the impact of the perceived value of agricultural waste resources on the willingness and behavior of their resource utilization, which is based on the sense of perceived value. In the study of the formation mechanism analysis of farmers' perceived value of agricultural waste resources and the study of agricultural waste resources, the perspective has a certain innovation. In addition, this paper develops a measurement scale and measurement model for the perceived value of agricultural waste resources. The formation mechanism of perceived value has been deeply analyzed, and it is innovative.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F327
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本文编号：1804464