西安市旅游业成长与结构演化研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 12:14

  本文选题：城市 + 旅游目的地　； 参考：《陕西师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：旅游业已经成为世界第一大产业,旅游产业的社会和经济功能越来越突出。城市作为全球最重要的旅游目的地,具有增加地方收入、带动相关产业发展以及提升城市形象等诸多功能。西安是世界四大古都之一,既是中国旅游热点城市也是面向国际的传统旅游目的地城市,在经历了 30多年的旅游发展后,取得了一系列的成绩。在取得成绩的同时也面临着旅游产业结构缺陷、竞争力弱化等发展问题,旅游业的转型升级迫在眉睫。在我国旅游发展的大背景下,分析旅游目的地的成长及其演化,可以丰富旅游目的地发展理论,为提升和保持其旅游竞争力提供科学依据。目前的城市旅游研究,较多的集中在旅游竞争力、旅游需求、旅游流空间结构以及旅游城市形象等方面,而对城市旅游目的地成长及其战略地图的研究比较欠缺。旅游目的地的成长及演化,外在表现是旅游人次和旅游收入的变化,但实际上是其内在结构变化的综合反映。本文从实践中发现科学问题,按照发现问题——规律总结——模式探讨——理论提升的技术路线,运用本底趋势线理论、旅游生命周期理论、区域经济学理论、产业结构理论、战略地图理论,对西安市的旅游发展和旅游结构演化进行了探索。利用旅游地发展理论研究城市旅游目的地的成长轨迹,构建资源导向型城市旅游目的地的成长模式,探讨目的地空间结构演化、消费结构演化及其和目的地成长轨迹的互动关系,在此基础上利用战略地图理论和方法,构建西安旅游目的地发展的战略地图,并提出基于成长分析的战略路径选择。通过对西安市旅游目的地旅游成长轨迹及其演化等方面的研究,本研究的主要研究结论如下:(1)西安作为资源导向型城市旅游目的地成长经历了资源竞争、产业竞争、目的地竞争和创新竞争四个阶段,其目的地旅游成长和全国旅游成长相比较具有一致性。西安入境旅游规模和旅游收入的发展历程为扇贝型成长模式,即成长-稳定-再成长,其中,1978-1994年为第一成长周期,1995-2005年为第二周期,2006-2014年为第三周期,整体上来看,呈现出3个扇贝型S曲线增长。西安入境旅游收入的发展历程为扇贝型成长模式,但其周期与入境旅游规模的发展历程不同,其中,第一周期为1978-1993年,第二周期为1994-2004年,第三周期为2005-2013年。从与全国的对比来看,入境旅游人数与收入均受特殊事件影响较大,验证了入境旅游发展具有较强的脆弱性,其中,1998年洪水事件年份影响相对较小,而“89”风波、2003年非典疫情与2008年汶川地震对入境旅游的影响较大。国内旅游发展受特殊事件年份的影响相对较小,除2003年非典疫情年份外,1998年洪水与2008年汶川地震等年份对西安旅游人次与收入的影响均较小。(2)西安市旅游空间结构的演化模式即由增长极模式——点-轴模式——核心-边缘模式——城市旅游目的地模式的过程。空间结构演化和成长具有非常密切互动关系。成长曲线和目的地空间结构演化的耦合关系呈现出明显的阶段性,从高度一致转为差异始现,最终演变为差距甚大。西安市空间结构演化和目的地成长存在一对应的关系:当西安市空间结构处于增长极成长阶段时,目的地以景区发展为主;当西安市空间结构处于点—轴线路增长阶段时,目的地以线路发展为主;当西安市空间结构处于核心-边缘成长时,目的地以集聚区发展为主。(3)旅游目的地的成长与入境客流量具有强烈的一致性,并与入境客源国的数量呈现正相关关系,主要客源国(地)占比和目的地成长轨迹具有明显的负相关。西安客源国(地)越来越分散,主要客源国(地)对旅游人次和旅游收入的人贡献比例不断降低,西安旅游也逐步走入了稳定阶段。西安入境客源市场增长较为稳定,但总体结构存在缺陷,外国人细分市场的市场机会指数为0.18,说明西安在此类市场的大规模开拓潜力已得到一定程度的挖掘,应当加以有效巩固;而港澳台细分市场的机会指数为6.79,表明西安旅游产品在此细分市场的销售地位远远不及中国整体旅游产品的地位,发展潜力巨大。(4)旅游目的地的成长与国内客流量具有强烈的一致性,并与国内过夜游客数量及陕西本省游客数量以及主要客源市场和一、二、三级客源市场呈现正相关关系。西安国内旅游客源的地理集中指数基本呈现增长的态势,市场的空间分布趋向集中。国内客源以陕西省及周边的河南省、山西省、四川省等为主,说明西安凭借其资源、区位等优势成为本地及周边省份的优选旅游目的地。(5)旅游目的地的成长同样与入境客流量具有强烈的一致性,旅游目的地的成长与其入境旅游非基本消费呈现正相关关系。旅游目的地的成长同样与国内消费具有强烈的一致性,旅游目的地的成长与其国内旅游基本消费呈现正相关关系。入境旅游在长途交通、购物和住宿等方面增幅较大,而在购物、住宿费用的增长速率明显偏低。入境旅游消费构成中,长途交通、购物和住宿所占比例最高,娱乐、餐饮的比例变化幅度尽管相对较大,但其所占份额较低,游览和邮电通讯所占比例相对固定,且年际变化不大,西安入境旅游非基本消费所占比例和消费指数波动较大,下降趋势不显著。西安国内旅游的消费增速变化幅度较大的是长途交通、游览、购物、娱乐等,购物所占比重呈下降趋势,餐饮、市内交通和住宿的费用比例则相对比较平稳。本文的创新之处主要在于:第一,总结了资源导向型的旅游城市的成长轨迹,提炼了其成长模式,一般要经历资源竞争阶段、产业竞争竞争、目的地竞争阶段和创新竞争阶段。第二,揭示了资源导向型旅游城市旅游空间结构演化过程,提出了其空间演化模式,一般经历增长极模式——点-轴模式——核心-边缘模式——旅游目的地模式。空间结构和目的地成长具有很好的耦合关系。第三,提出了旅游消费结构和旅游目的地成长之间具有显著的互动关系;随着旅游目的地的发展成熟,主要客源地(国)在旅游目的地游客接待中的份额逐步降低。
[Abstract]:Tourism has become the largest industry in the world, and the social and economic functions of the tourism industry are becoming more and more prominent. As the most important tourist destination in the world, the city has many functions, such as increasing local income, promoting the development of related industries and promoting the image of the city. Xi'an is one of the four largest ancient capital in the world and is not only a hot tourist city in China but also a hot tourist city in China It is a traditional tourist destination city facing the world. After more than 30 years of tourism development, a series of achievements have been achieved. At the same time, the development of tourism industry structure is also faced with the defects of tourism industry structure and weak competitiveness. The transformation and upgrading of tourism industry is imminent. In the background of China's tourism development, the purpose of the analysis of tourism aims is to analyze the purpose of tourism. The growth and evolution of the land can enrich the theory of tourism destination development and provide a scientific basis for the promotion and maintenance of its tourism competitiveness. The current research on urban tourism focuses on tourism competitiveness, tourism demand, the spatial structure of tourism flow and the image of tourist cities, and the development of urban tourism destination and its strategic place. The development and evolution of tourist destinations, the external performance is the change of tourist arrivals and tourism income, but in fact it is a comprehensive reflection of the internal structure changes. The base trend line theory, the tourism life cycle theory, the regional economics theory, the industrial structure theory, the strategic map theory, have explored the tourism development and the evolution of the tourism structure in Xi'an. To discuss the evolution of the spatial structure, the evolution of the consumption structure and the interactive relationship between the destination and the destination, the strategic map of the tourism destination development in Xi'an is built on the basis of the strategic map theory and method, and the strategic path selection based on the growth analysis is put forward. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) as a resource oriented city tourism destination, Xi'an has experienced four stages of resource competition, industrial competition, destination competition and innovation competition. Its destination tourism growth is consistent with national tourism. The scale and travel of Xi'an inbound tourism The development of tourism income is the scallop type growth model, that is, growth stability and regrowth, in which the 1978-1994 year is the first growth cycle, the 1995-2005 year is second cycle, and the 2006-2014 year is third cycles. On the whole, there are 3 scallop S curve growth. The development course of Xi'an inbound travel revenue is the scallop type growth model, but its week The period is different from that of inbound tourism. The first cycle is 1978-1993 years, the second cycle is 1994-2004 years and the third cycle is 2005-2013 years. From the comparison with the whole country, the number of inbound tourism and income are greatly influenced by the special events, which verifies the strong vulnerability of the inbound travel development, in which the flood incident in 1998 is the case. The impact of the year is relatively small, while the "89" wind wave, the 2003 SARS epidemic and the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 have great influence on the inbound tourism. The development of the domestic tourism is relatively small, except for the year of the SARS epidemic in 2003, and the influence of the 1998 flood and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on the tourist arrivals and income of Xi'an. (2) the evolution model of tourism space structure in Xi'an city is the process of the growth pole model - the point axis model - the core fringe pattern - the urban tourism destination model. The spatial structure evolution and growth have a very close interaction relationship. The coupling relationship between the growth curve and the spatial structure and evolution of the destination shows a clear stage. There is a corresponding relationship between the evolution of the spatial structure and the growth of the destination in Xi'an. When the spatial structure of Xi'an is in the stage of growing growth, the destination is mainly in the development of scenic spots; when the spatial structure of Xi'an is in the stage of the point axis line growth, the destination is in line with the line. The main way is road development. When the spatial structure of Xi'an is at the core edge growth, the destination is dominated by the agglomeration area. (3) the growth of the tourist destination has a strong consistency with the inbound passenger flow, and has a positive correlation with the number of inbound passenger countries, and the major passenger source country (land) occupation ratio and the destination growth trajectory have a significant negative correlation. The Xi'an tourist source country (land) is more and more dispersed, the contribution ratio of the main tourist source countries to the tourists and the tourist income is decreasing, and the Xi'an tourism has gradually entered the stable stage. The growth of the entry passenger market in Xi'an is more stable, but the overall structure is defective, and the market opportunity index of the subdivided market of the foreign people is 0.18, indicating that Xi'an is in Xi'an The large-scale exploitation potential of this kind of market has been excavated to a certain extent and should be effectively consolidated; the opportunity index of the subdivision market of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is 6.79, indicating that the sales position of Xi'an tourism products in this subdivision market is far less than the status of China's overall tourism products, and the potential of development is huge. (4) the growth of tourist destinations and the domestic market The passenger flow has a strong consistency, and it has a positive correlation with the number of tourists in the country and the number of tourists in Shaanxi Province, the main passenger source market and the first, two, three level passenger market. The geographical concentration index of the domestic tourist sources in Xi'an is basically growing, the spatial distribution of the market tends to be concentrated. The domestic tourist source is in Shaanxi province. And the surrounding Henan Province, Shanxi Province, Sichuan province and so on, indicating that Xi'an has become the preferred destination for local and surrounding provinces by virtue of its resources, location and other advantages. (5) the growth of tourist destinations also has a strong consistency with the inbound passenger flow, and the growth of tourist destinations is positively related to the non basic consumption of inbound tourism. The growth of tourist destinations also has a strong consistency with domestic consumption. The growth of tourist destinations has a positive correlation with the basic consumption of domestic tourism. Inbound tourism has a large increase in long distance transportation, shopping and accommodation, while in shopping, the growth rate of accommodation costs is obviously low. Transportation, shopping and accommodation accounted for the highest proportion, while the proportion of entertainment and catering was relatively large, but its share was low, the proportion of sightseeing and post and telecommunications was relatively fixed, and the interannual change was small. The proportion of non basic consumption and the dissipation index of Xi'an inbound tourism were relatively large, and the decline trend was not significant. The decline trend was not significant in Xi'an. The consumption rate of tourism is greatly changed by long distance transportation, sightseeing, shopping, entertainment and so on. The proportion of shopping is declining. The proportion of food and beverage, city transportation and accommodation is relatively stable. The innovation of this paper is mainly as follows: first, the growth trajectory of resource oriented tourism city is summarized, and its growth model is extracted. In general, we have to experience the stage of resource competition, industrial competition and competition, the stage of destination competition and the stage of innovation and competition. Second, it reveals the evolution process of the spatial structure of resource oriented tourism urban tourism, and puts forward its spatial evolution model, which generally experiences the growth pole pattern, the point axis model, the core fringe pattern the tourist destination. Model. There is a good coupling relationship between spatial structure and destination growth. Third, it is suggested that there is a significant interaction between tourism consumption structure and tourism destination growth. With the development of tourism destination, the share of tourist destination in tourist destination is gradually reduced.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F592.7
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本文编号：1873898