基于隐性知识转移视角的家族企业代际传承研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 15:55

  本文选题：家族企业 + 代际传承　； 参考：《浙江工商大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：家族企业作为一种古老的组织形态广泛地存在于世界各处,因其固有的特质虽历经风霜却又经久不衰。但是从个体层面来看,家族企业的存续期普遍较为短暂,可持续发展水平偏低,有些甚至是昙花一现,而代际传承的屡屡失败正是导致该现象的重要原因之一。于是如何实现代际之间顺利过渡成为研究家族企业的热点,很多学者开始将焦点放在传承的内容上试图探究由此对代际传承造成的影响,较为公认的一种观点是知识转移是家族企业传承过程的基础,而隐性知识作为家族企业的核心竞争力,它能否在代际之间实现成功地转移,则成了家族企业能否家业长青的关键所在。目前关于家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识的转移研究主要放在了影响转移的因素和转移绩效的评价上,然而少有文献从代际传承过程和知识转移过程并轨的角度来研究隐性知识在家族企业代际传承过程中的整体转移机制。本文通过应用知识转移理论、资源基础观等进行理论分析,并通过问卷调查和实证研究的方法,将隐性知识转移置于家族企业传承的特殊背景之中,主要回答了下面3组问题:1.隐性知识由于其默会性在转移过程中往往无一定的规律可循,而在家族企业代际传承这样的特殊情境之下,隐性知识的转移是否会存在一定的特殊性和规律性,其转移的机制是什么,应该构建什么样的理论框架进行研究。2.从微观角度来看,在家族企业代际传承过程中,前任企业家应该向继任者转移哪些隐性知识要素,在这个过程中会受到哪些因素的影响,应该采用什么样的方式将这些要素顺利地实现转移,从而会得到什么样的转移结果,即知识转移绩效如何。3.基于资源基础观,隐性知识被学者们广泛认为是家族企业具有核心竞争力的主要原因之一,而隐性知识经由代际转移之后其绩效是否会有利于家族企业传承后的满意度和绩效,也就是说隐性知识经过转移后,是否还会发挥其原有的价值,甚至贡献更甚。根据研究目标和问题的设定,本文主要对以下内容进行了研究:1.构建家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识的四阶段转移机制的理论框架。该部分内容首先借助Handler(1990)的四阶段家族企业传承模型和Stavrou(1998)的三阶段家族企业传承模型,将家族企业的代际传承划分为准备期、实施期、准完成期和完成期四个阶段,同时结合Nonaka(1995)的的SECI理论模型,对家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识转移划分为初始阶段、执行阶段、整合阶段和植入阶段,据此构建了家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识的四阶段转移机制的理论框架,以此来研究各个阶段隐性知识的转移机制,也为后文的实证研究提供了理论依据。2.探究家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识转移绩效的影响因素该部分内容首先将隐性知识转移绩效划分为知识转移成本,前任对知识转移的满意度、继任者对知识转移的满意度、继任者对知识的内化和继任者对知识的创新五个维度,将影响知识转移绩效的因素分为隐性知识的特性、前任对知识转移的意愿、继任者对知识转移的意愿和组织情境四个维度,同时以沟通交流作为中介变量。通过实证研究来探索隐性知识的特性对隐性知识转移绩效是否有负面作用,前任对知识转移的意愿、继任者对知识转移的意愿和组织情境是否对知识转移绩效是否有积极作用,而加入中介变量沟通交流后,其结果是否会产生变化。3.探究隐性知识转移绩效对家族企业传承满意度的影响该部分内容首先将家族企业传承满意度分为前任满意度、继任者满意度、家族成员满意度和员工满意度,通过实证研究来探索隐性知识转移绩效对家族企业传承满意度的影响程度,从而回答知识转移成本是否对家族企业传承满意度起负面影响,转移双方对知识转移的满意度、继任者对知识的内化和继任者对知识的创新是否对家族企业传承满意度起积极作用。4.探究隐性知识转移绩效对家族企业传承绩效的影响该部分内容首先将家族企业传承绩效分为任务绩效和关系绩效两类,通过实证研究来探索隐性知识转移绩效对家族企业传承绩效的影响程度,从而回答知识转移成本是否对家族企业传承绩效起负面影响,转移双方对知识转移的满意度、继任者对知识的内化和继任者对知识的创新是否对家族企业传承绩效起积极作用。通过对上述内容的研究,发现了以下结论:1.通过理论研究发现,家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识的转移是分阶段的,每个阶段转移的具体隐性知识要素和转移的方式有所不同。隐性知识的要素随着隐匿性和专用性程度的增加在代际传承过程中逐类发生转移,同时转移的方式前期主要表现为前任传授,后期则主要表现为继任者反馈,但基本方式还是沟通。2.隐性知识的特性、隐性知识转移双方的意愿、组织情境均会对知识转移绩效产生影响,良好的沟通有助于提升知识转移绩效。隐性知识隐匿程度越高越不利于其转移,但通过良好的沟通可以较好地降低隐性知识转移成本并提升继任者对隐性知识的内化程度,代际双方的转移意愿会提升知识转移绩效,并且部分依赖于沟通从而降低隐性知识转移成本并提升继任者对隐性知识的内化程度,良好的组织情境有利于提升知识转移绩效,并完全依赖于双方沟通交流进而影响知识转移成本和双方对知识的满意度,良好的沟通有助于提升知识转移绩效,但对继任者的知识创新用处不大,它只依赖于继任者的转移意愿。3.家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识转移绩效的提升有助于提高家族企业传承满意度和传承绩效。继任者的隐性知识创新对提高家族企业的传承满意度和传承绩效的贡献最大,足见继任者的隐性知识创新对家族企业传承的重要性,继任者对隐性知识的内化对除了对员工满意度作用不大之外,其它均有助于提高家族企业传承的满意度和传承绩效,知识转移双方对知识转移的满意度均能提升传承满意度,但继任者对知识转移的满意度对任务绩效的作用不大。知识转移成本则对传承满意度和传承绩效均有负面影响,这就意味着投入越多未必产出就越多,如果在转移过程中消耗的资源过多,可能会不利于企业的传承。最后,本文的主要创新点有:1.提出了家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识四阶段转移机制的理论框架。根据Handler(1990)的四阶段家族企业传承模型和Stavrou(1998)的三阶段家族企业传承模型,并结合Nonaka(1995)的SECI理论模型,对家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识转移划分了四个阶段,基于此本文创新性的提出了家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识转移的四阶段转移机制的理论框架,为下文的研究做好了铺垫,也为未来在该领域的学术研究提供了一定的指导。2.展现了家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识转移的机制及其对传承效果的影响。从隐性知识自身特征与构成要素的研究出发,通过抓住家族企业代际传承这一特殊时期的特质,以传承过程为背景,分析了家族企业代际传承过程中隐性知识在各个传承阶段的转移机制,系统研究了每个阶段需要转移隐性知识传承的要素,转移的影响因素,转移的方式和产生的转移绩效,并进一步研究知识转移绩效对家族企业传承效果的影响,丰富了家族企业代际传承和隐性知识转移领域的研究成果,弥补了学术界过于关注隐性知识转移的某个层面而对整体的转移机制研究不足的问题。3.基于隐性知识转移视角对代际传承过程中某些现象做出了新的理论解释。在揭示隐性知识家族企业代际传承各个传承阶段的转移机制的过程中,从理论上得出了一些有意义的发现,解释了为什么在代际传承过程中隐性知识的不同要素是分阶段转移的,为什么转移的方式会有所不同,隐性知识转移的成本为什么会随着代际传承阶段的推进逐渐增大,代际双方的转移意愿为什么会随着代际传承阶段的推进逐渐增强等。
[Abstract]:As a kind of ancient organization form, family business exists widely in all parts of the world, because its inherent characteristics have gone through the wind and frost, but from the individual level, the survival period of the family business is generally short, the level of sustainable development is low, some even in the Epiphyllum, and the repeated failures of the intergenerational inheritance are the guide. One of the important reasons for this phenomenon is that how to realize the smooth transition between generations has become a hot spot in the study of family business. Many scholars have begun to focus on the content of inheritance to explore the influence on intergenerational inheritance. A more recognized view is that the transfer of knowledge is the basis of the inheritance process of the family enterprise, and the recessive knowledge is recessive. As the core competitiveness of family enterprises, knowledge can be successfully transferred between generations, which is the key to the success of family business. At present, the study of the transfer of tacit knowledge in the intergenerational process of family enterprises is mainly focused on the evaluation of the factors affecting the transfer and the transfer performance, but there are few documents. From the perspective of the intergenerational process and the process of knowledge transfer, the whole transfer mechanism of tacit knowledge in the intergenerational process of family enterprises is studied. Through the theoretical analysis of the application of knowledge transfer theory and the concept of resource base, the transfer of tacit knowledge is put into the family business through the method of questionnaire investigation and empirical research. In the special background, it mainly answers the following 3 sets of questions: 1. the tacit knowledge often has no rules to follow in the process of the transfer of tacit knowledge, and whether there will be certain particularity and regularity in the transfer of tacit knowledge in the special context of the family enterprise's intergenerational inheritance, what is the mechanism of the transfer of tacit knowledge and the mechanism of the transfer of tacit knowledge What kind of theoretical framework is built to study.2. from the microcosmic perspective, which of the hidden knowledge elements should be transferred to the successor during the intergenerational succession of the family business, which factors will be affected by the factors in this process, and what kind of ways should be adopted to transfer these elements smoothly and thus will be obtained. What kind of transfer results, that is, how knowledge transfer performance is based on the resource based view, tacit knowledge is widely regarded by scholars as one of the main reasons for the core competitiveness of family enterprises, and whether the performance of tacit knowledge will be beneficial to the satisfaction and performance of family enterprises after transference, that is, recessive knowledge is recessive, that is, recessive knowledge is.3.. After the transfer of knowledge, it will also play its original value, even more. According to the research objectives and the setting of the problems, this paper mainly studies the following contents: 1. the theoretical frame of the four phase transfer mechanism of the tacit knowledge in the intergenerational inheritance of family enterprises is constructed. The content of this part is first with the aid of Handler (1990) four. The family enterprise inheritance model and the three stage family enterprise inheritance model of Stavrou (1998), divide the intergenerational inheritance of family business into four stages of preparation, implementation, quasi completion and completion, and combine the SECI theoretical model of Nonaka (1995), and divide the implicit knowledge transfer into the initial order in the intergenerational inheritance process of the family business. The period, the implementation stage, the integration stage and the implantation stage, thus the theoretical framework of the four stage transfer mechanism of the implicit knowledge in the family enterprise's intergenerational inheritance process is constructed, in order to study the transfer mechanism of the implicit knowledge at various stages, and to provide a theoretical basis for the later empirical research to explore the implicit knowledge of the intergenerational inheritance of family enterprises. The influence factors of the knowledge transfer performance are divided into the knowledge transfer cost, the satisfaction of the former knowledge transfer, the satisfaction of the successor to the knowledge transfer, the successor's internalization of knowledge and the innovation of the successor to the knowledge, and the factors that affect the knowledge transfer performance into the implicit knowledge. The characteristics of knowledge, the willingness of the predecessor to knowledge transfer, the willingness of the successor to the transfer of knowledge and the four dimensions of the organizational situation, and the communication and communication as the intermediary variable. Through the empirical study, we explore the negative effect of the characteristics of tacit knowledge on the performance of the tacit knowledge transfer, the intention of the former knowledge transfer and the transfer of knowledge to the successor. Whether or not the intention and the organizational situation have a positive effect on the knowledge transfer performance, and after joining the intermediary variables, whether the results will produce changes in the effect of.3. to explore the influence of tacit knowledge transfer performance on the family enterprise inheritance satisfaction. The degree of the effect of tacit knowledge transfer performance on family business inheritance satisfaction is explored through empirical research to answer whether the knowledge transfer cost has a negative impact on the inheritance satisfaction of the family business, transfer the satisfaction of the two sides to knowledge transfer, and the successor's internalization and succession of knowledge. Whether or not the innovation of knowledge plays a positive role in the inheritance satisfaction of family enterprises.4. explore the effect of tacit knowledge transfer performance on the inheritance performance of family business. This part first divides the family business inheritance performance into two categories: task performance and relationship performance. Through empirical research, it explores the performance of tacit knowledge transfer to family enterprises. In order to answer the influence degree of the performance, it will answer whether the knowledge transfer cost has a negative impact on the inheritance performance of the family business, transfer the satisfaction of the two sides to the knowledge transfer, the successor's internalization of knowledge and whether the successor's knowledge innovation is active on the inheritance performance of the family business. Conclusion: 1. through theoretical study, it is found that the transfer of tacit knowledge in the intergenerational inheritance of family enterprises is phased, and the specific tacit knowledge elements and the way of transfer are different at each stage. The elements of tacit knowledge transfer in the process of intergenerational inheritance with the increase of the degree of concealment and specificity. The former mainly manifested as the former imparting and the latter is mainly expressed as the successor feedback, but the basic way is to communicate the characteristics of the.2. tacit knowledge, the intention of the tacit knowledge transfer both sides, the organizational situation will affect the knowledge transfer performance, and the good communication helps to improve the knowledge transfer performance. The more hidden knowledge conceals the degree. High Vietnam is not conducive to its transfer, but through good communication, the transfer cost of tacit knowledge can be reduced and the successor's internalization of tacit knowledge can be improved. The transfer will of the intergenerational parties will improve the performance of knowledge transfer, and partly rely on communication to reduce the cost of tacit knowledge transfer and improve the tacit knowledge of the successors. The degree of internalization, good organizational situation is beneficial to the promotion of knowledge transfer performance, and it is entirely dependent on communication and communication between the two sides to affect the cost of knowledge transfer and the satisfaction of both sides to knowledge. Good communication helps to improve the performance of knowledge transfer, but it is not good for the successor's knowledge innovation, which depends only on the transfer will of the successor.3. The enhancement of the performance of tacit knowledge transfer in the family enterprise's intergenerational inheritance helps to improve the inheritance satisfaction and inheritance performance of the family business. The successor's tacit knowledge innovation has the greatest contribution to the inheritance satisfaction and the inheritance performance of the family business, and the importance of the successor's implicit knowledge innovation to the family enterprise inheritance is to be seen. The internalization of the tacit knowledge to the tacit knowledge has little effect on employee satisfaction, and the others help to improve the satisfaction and inheritance performance of the family business inheritance. The satisfaction of knowledge transfer both sides can improve the inheritance satisfaction, but the satisfaction of the successor to the knowledge transfer has little effect on the task performance. The transfer cost has a negative impact on the inheritance satisfaction and the inheritance performance, which means that the more the input may not be produced, the more the resources are consumed during the transfer process, which may be detrimental to the inheritance of the enterprise. Finally, the main innovation of this paper is as follows: 1. the four phase transfer of tacit knowledge in the family enterprise's intergenerational inheritance process is put forward. The theoretical framework of the mechanism. According to the family enterprise inheritance model of the four stage of Handler (1990) and the three stage family enterprise inheritance model of the Stavrou (1998), and the SECI theoretical model of Nonaka (1995), the recessive knowledge transfer in the intergenerational inheritance process of family enterprises is divided into four stages. Based on this innovation, the family business generation is put forward. The theoretical framework of the four phase transfer mechanism of the transfer of tacit knowledge in the process of succession is paved for the following research, and provides some guidance for future academic research in this field..2. shows the mechanism of the transfer of tacit knowledge in the intergenerational process of family business and its influence on the effect of inheritance. In the study of characteristics and elements, by grasping the characteristics of the family enterprise inheriting this special period and taking the inheritance process as the background, this paper analyzes the transfer mechanism of the tacit knowledge in the inheritance of the family enterprise in the intergenerational process, and systematically studies the factors that need to transfer the hidden knowledge in each stage, and the influence of the transfer. Factors, the way of transfer and the transfer performance, and further study the influence of knowledge transfer performance on the inheritance effect of family enterprises, enrich the research results in the field of family business intergenerational inheritance and tacit knowledge transfer, and make up for the lack of academic circles to pay too much attention to the transfer of tacit knowledge and to study the overall transfer mechanism. The problem.3. makes a new theoretical explanation for some phenomena in the intergenerational inheritance process based on the implicit knowledge transfer perspective. In the process of revealing the transfer mechanism of the intergenerational inheritance stage of the tacit knowledge family enterprise, some meaningful discoveries are obtained theoretically, explaining why the tacit knowledge in the process of intergenerational inheritance is explained. The different elements are phased transfer, and why the transfer mode will be different. The cost of the transfer of tacit knowledge will gradually increase with the promotion of the intergenerational inheritance stage, and why the transfer will of the intergenerational parties will gradually increase with the promotion of the intergenerational inheritance stage.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F276.5
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本文编号：1901965