生命周期视角下的工业集聚及其演化研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 04:24

  本文选题：工业集聚 + 集聚演化　； 参考：《华东师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：改革开放后,在全球化与地方化、信息化与网络化,以及我国所经历的分权化与市场化、工业化与城镇化这四组内外力量的交织作用下,我国区域的产业经济格局经历了巨大变革。一方面,它促进了我国工业产业集聚度在时间维度上不断提升；另一方面,也推动了工业产业在空间维度上向东部沿海地区进行集聚。那么,为什么产业会在时间和空间维度上出现持续的集聚演化现象?这是论文所要讨论的核心问题。与既有文献所强调的外部影响因素不同,本研究尝试从产业活动的集聚本身寻找其内在属性因素。在进行理论回顾与文献综述之后,发现既有研究存在三方面不足：①关于集聚外部性的研究。既有文献主要集中于静态视角的分析,相对缺乏对其进行动态形式的考察。不同学者在运用不同的研究区域、研究对象和研究手法时,他们所得出的关于集聚外部性的结论存在差异。这种差异形成的原因之一,可能是忽略了集聚外部性本身存在着动态变化的属性特征。②关于集聚演化的研究。虽然相关文献已从不同层面、视角对其进行理论和实证分析,但是目前较少有学者将宏观、中观和微观三个层面的因素结合在一起进行系统性地考虑,特别是对于空间尺度和组织尺度等对集聚演化过程和机制所存在的影响关注较少。然而,在现实世界中,尺度将影响集聚演化过程和机制的呈现。③关于“集聚”与“集群”的研究。有的学者将两者进行区别对待,有的学者则将两者视为等同,这种在实际应用中的模棱两可,造成学者们忽略了辩证地看待两个概念之间所存在的共性与差异。有鉴于此,本研究尝试在以下三方面进行创新与突破。①系统性理论分析框架的构建。在理论辨析和概念化的基础上,提出涵盖宏观、中观和微观三个层面,并以“两维度(时间与空间)-两属性(尺度与网络)-三载体(地方、产业与企业)”为核心的系统性理论分析框架；②考虑尺度对集聚演化的影响。对集聚演化所存在的时间和空间维度、尺度与网络属性进行了讨论,认为尺度对集聚演化过程和机制的呈现存在影响；③集聚与集群研究的辩证结合。对集聚、集群和邻近性三个含义相近的概念进行辨析,认为集聚是集群形成、发展的前提和基础,集群则是集聚的高级空间组织形态。同时,在对集聚动态进行理论概念化的基础上,提出集聚生命周期的演化模型及其不同阶段的特征。以理论分析框架为指导,本文将核心研究问题分解至宏观、中观和微观三个层面进行实证分析。首先,在宏观层面,利用1985-2011年我国工业产业的相关面板数据,对集聚外部性的动态性特征进行研究发现：①从长时间段来看,集聚外部性效应存在着持续变化的特征,并且在不同的产业之间,集聚外部性效应的动态变化趋势和特征存在差异,体现出产业异质性对集聚外部性效应的动态性存在影响。②对于不同类型的工业集聚外部性,其效应的动态变化趋势和特征同样也存在明显的差异。其中,多数工业产业的MAR外部性具有“倒U型”的动态演化特征;而多数工业产业的Jacobs外部性并不存在动态演化的特征；尽管Porter外部性在多数工业产业的动态性特征是显著的,但不同的工业产业之间并没有形成相对一致的规律,其中既包含了线性变化的情况,也包含了非线性变化的特征。其次,在中观层面,从产业生命周期的视角切入,利用1985-2011年我国工业产业的相关面板数据,对集聚外部性的阶段性特征进行研究发现：①在工业产业由成长期向成熟期演进的过程中,MAR外部性的正面效应呈现逐渐增强的趋势,并在成熟后期时对产业发展的正面促进效应达到最大值。②随着工业产业由成长期向成熟期发展,Jacobs外部性的正面效应呈现逐渐下降的态势,并在成熟后期表现出对产业发展的负向影响。③随着工业产业由成长期向成熟期转变,Porter外部性的计量回归结果并不显著,但回归系数的大小是呈现逐渐下降的趋势,并且在成熟后期时对产业发展表现为显著的负向影响。第三,在微观层面,以江阴工业作为案例研究区域和对象,利用实地调研和深度访谈所获得的第一手、第二手资料和数据,对特定地方的工业集聚产生的原因、以及集聚演化的微观动力机制(地方情境性)进行研究发现：①江阴工业集聚的形成具有其特定的历史基础因素,以江阴纺织服装业为例,总结认为地方产业传统(产业基础)、乡镇企业发展(制度背景)与内外环境变化(政策环境)等三类因素,对江阴纺织服装业的空间集聚具有重要影响。②改革开放后,在江阴纺织服装业空间集聚的动态演化过程中,分别经历了分散式发展、集中式集聚、网络式集聚和集群式集聚的不同发展阶段,证明集聚生命周期的理论假设是存在且适用的。③江阴工业集聚能够持续演化的微观动力机制包括三方面：一是,地方情境孕育下所催生的企业家精神；二是,路径依赖影响下所形成的产业集群；三是,多维邻近作用下所构建的企业网络。综合上述三个层面的实证检验与分析,本研究认为：①在省域层面,需要考虑产业集聚与扩散的动态过程,客观对待和处理产业转移现象。②在产业层面,需要考虑产业生命周期所带来的阶段性影响,对产业集聚的组织形式进行合理培育。③在地方层面,需要考虑产业集聚的地方情境性差异,因地制宜地推动产业集聚升级与发展。④从系统的角度看,需要考虑产业集聚的尺度与网络属性,综合理解尺度差异所可能产生的影响。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, in the context of globalization and localization, information and networking, as well as the decentralization and marketization of our country, the four groups of internal and external forces, industrialization and urbanization, the industrial economic pattern of China has undergone tremendous changes. On the one hand, it has promoted the time dimension of industrial agglomeration in China. On the other hand, it also promotes the industrial industry to gather in the spatial dimension to the eastern coastal areas. Then, why does the industry have a continuous convergence and evolution phenomenon in time and space dimensions? This is the core issue to be discussed in this paper. The agglomeration of the activities of the industry itself seeks its intrinsic attributes. After a theoretical review and a literature review, there are three deficiencies in the existing research: 1. The research on the externality of agglomeration. The literature mainly focuses on the static analysis, and is relatively lack of the dynamic form of investigation. Different scholars use different research. One of the reasons for the formation of the agglomeration externality is that there is a difference in the characteristics of the agglomeration externality itself. Theoretical and empirical analysis, but at present, few scholars have combined macro, meso and microcosmic factors together to carry out systematic consideration, especially on spatial scale and organizational scale, which have less attention to the influence of agglomeration evolution process and mechanism. However, in the real world, the scale will affect the evolution of agglomeration. The study of process and mechanism. (3) on the study of "cluster" and "cluster". Some scholars treat them differently. Some scholars regard them as equals. This is ambiguous in practical application, which causes scholars to ignore the similarities and differences between the two concepts. Innovation and breakthrough are carried out in the following three aspects. (1) the construction of systematic theoretical analysis framework. On the basis of theoretical analysis and conceptualization, a systematic theoretical analysis is put forward, which covers three levels, macro, medium and micro, and the core of "two dimensions (time and space) - two attributes (scale and network) - three carrier (local, industry and enterprise)" Frame; (2) consideration of the influence of scale on agglomeration evolution. The time and space dimension of agglomeration evolution, scale and network attribute are discussed, and the scale is considered to have influence on the evolution process and mechanism of agglomeration; (3) the dialectical combination of agglomeration and cluster study. Three concepts with similar meanings to agglomeration, cluster and proximity are entered. It is considered that agglomeration is the precondition and foundation of cluster formation and development, and the cluster is the advanced spatial organization form of agglomeration. At the same time, on the basis of theoretical conceptualization of agglomeration dynamics, the evolution model of gathering life cycle and its characteristics in different stages are put forward. The core research problem is decomposed in this paper with the guidance of the theoretical analysis framework. To the macro, meso and micro three levels, the empirical analysis is carried out. Firstly, on the macro level, the dynamic characteristics of agglomeration externalities are studied by using the related panel data of China's industrial industry for 1985-2011 years. There are differences in the dynamic trends and characteristics of the agglomeration externalities, which reflects the impact of industrial heterogeneity on the dynamics of agglomeration externalities. (2) there are also obvious differences in the dynamic changes and characteristics of the effects of different types of industrial agglomeration. Among them, the MAR externalities of most industrial industries It has the dynamic evolution characteristics of "inverted U", while the Jacobs externality of most industrial industries does not have the characteristics of dynamic evolution. Although the dynamic characteristics of Porter externalities are significant in most industrial industries, there is not a relatively consistent rule between different industrial industries, which includes both linear and linear changes. It includes the characteristics of nonlinear changes. Secondly, from the perspective of the industrial life cycle, the research on the phased characteristics of the agglomeration externality in the 1985-2011 years of industrial life cycle from the perspective of industrial life cycle, and the positive effect of MAR externality in the process of industrial industry from growth to mature period The positive effect of the industrial development reached the maximum in the late maturity. 2. With the development of industrial industry from growth to maturity, the positive effect of Jacobs externality showed a gradual decline, and the negative impact on Industrial Development in the late mature period. During the period of maturity, the regression results of Porter externality are not significant, but the size of the regression coefficient is gradually decreasing, and it has a significant negative impact on the industrial development in the late maturity. Third, in the micro level, the Jiangyin industry is used as a case study area and object, using field investigation and deep visit. The first hand, the second hand and the data, the reasons for the industrial agglomeration in a particular place, and the micro dynamic mechanism (local situation) of the agglomeration evolution are studied. (1) the formation of industrial agglomeration in Jiangyin has its specific historical basis, taking the Jiangyin textile and garment industry as an example, and concludes that the local industry is transmitted. Three kinds of factors, such as industrial base (industrial foundation), township enterprise development (system background) and internal and external environment change (policy environment), have an important influence on the spatial agglomeration of Jiangyin textile and garment industry. After the reform and opening up, the dynamic evolution process of the spatial agglomeration of Jiangyin textile and clothing industry has experienced the decentralization development, centralized agglomeration and network set. The different development stages of agglomeration and cluster show that the theoretical hypothesis of the gathering life cycle is existing and applicable. (3) the micro dynamic mechanism of the sustainable evolution of industrial agglomeration in Jiangyin includes three aspects: first, the entrepreneurial spirit of the local situation is nurtured by the local situation; and two, the industrial cluster under the influence of path dependence; three Based on the empirical test and analysis of the above three levels, this study considers that: (1) the dynamic process of industrial agglomeration and diffusion should be taken into consideration at the provincial level, and the phenomenon of industrial transfer should be treated and dealt with objectively. Secondly, the stage of industrial life cycle should be considered at the industrial level. At the local level, we should take into consideration the local situational differences of industrial agglomeration and promote the upgrading and development of industrial agglomeration in the light of local conditions. (4) from a systematic perspective, the scale and network attributes of industrial agglomeration should be considered, and the possible impact of the scale differences can be understood.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F424
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本文编号：2008334