现代农业园区土地高效利用研究：理论、评价、路径

发布时间：2018-07-15 14:17

【摘要】：现代农业园区是一种先进的现代农业生产模式,土地高效利用是突破园区资源瓶颈,实现园区转型升级的有效途径。研究现代农业园区土地高效利用的内涵、理论框架、评价体系和可行路径,不仅可以有效地指导现代农业园区规划建设,也是“新常态”下现代农业持续、高效发展的迫切需要。本文明确了现代农业园区土地高效利用的概念内涵,分析了园区土地高效利用与集约利用、可持续利用的区别与联系。以人地协调理论支撑空问维的优化,以可持续发展理论支撑时间维的延长,以循环经济理论和农业多功能理论支撑价值维的增值,以系统工程理论支撑“三维一体”的整体观,建构了现代农业园区土地高效利用空间维、时间维、价值维“三维一体”的理论解释模型,并分别从三个维度对园区土地高效利用理论进行了阐释,提出了园区土地高效利用的目标和准则。基于此,笔者对山东省部分现代农业园区土地利用现状进行了实地调研,发现存在缺乏统筹规划、用养失调、配置失衡、撂荒浪费等问题。为解决这些问题,本文依据现代农业园区土地高效利用的内在要求和目标,根据“国家现代农业示范区建设水平监测评价系统”中上报的山东省51个现代农业示范区2010-2015年数据,结合实地调研情况,选用三阶段DEA方法(数据包络分析方法),对现代农业园区土地高效利用进行了量化评价和实证分析。结果表明：第一,山东省现代农业示范区土地利用整体效益有较大的提升空间,土地利用投入要素间的配置有待优化。技术效率偏低是影响园区土地整体利用效益的主要因素,规模效率拉低了整体技术效率。第二,根据量化分析结果可将现代农业园区按土地利用效益高低分为四类,即：“生产前沿面”、“高效区”、“中效区”和“低效区”。处于“中效区”和“低效区”的园区数量占所分析园区总数的47.06%,需要有针对性地提升园区土地利用效益。第三,通过环境因素分析发现,城镇化水平、劳动力素质、农民人均收入、财政支持等因素是制约园区土地高效利用的主要因素。城镇化水平、劳动力素质的提高影响并改变着土地规模经营和土地利用方式,进而影响着园区的土地利用效益；农民人均收入和财政投入对于园区土地高效利用的影响具有两面性,适度规模的农民人均收入和财政投入可有效地促进土地高效利用,提高土地利用的整体效益；但过度投入则会降低土地利用的效益。基于上述评价结果和“三维一体”理论体系,本文提出了实现现代农业园区土地高效利用的可行路径,即：综合层面以实现土地高效利用为核心进行总体设计；空间维以减少土地浪费,实现人地协调发展为目标,进行空间优化；时间维以突破土地资源局限,实现可持续发展为目标,进行模式创新(如立体利用、循环利用等)；价值维以产业链不断增值的同时实现生态效益和社会效益不断提高为目标,设计项目支撑。最后,以东营国家农业科技园区核心区为案例,说明了这一路径在实践中的应用,并运用协调度模型和多目标函数法,构建了由对应空间维、时间维、价值维“三维”的土地利用空间配置指标、产出水平指标、可持续发展指标三大类14项指标构成的评价指标体系,对该园区土地利用情况进行了评价。评价结果表明,该园区建园后比建园前经济效益、生态效益和社会效益都取得了显著的提高,本文提出的现代农业园区土地高效利用理论、评价与路径,在实践中具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:Modern agricultural park is an advanced mode of modern agricultural production. Efficient land use is an effective way to break through the bottleneck of the park resources and realize the transformation and upgrading of the park. The study of the connotation, the theoretical framework, the evaluation system and the feasible path of the land efficient utilization of the modern agricultural park can not only effectively guide the planning and construction of modern agricultural parks. It is also an urgent need for the sustainable and efficient development of modern agriculture under the "new normal". The concept of land efficient utilization of modern agricultural park is confirmed by this civilization. The difference and connection between the efficient utilization of land and intensive use and the sustainable utilization of the park are analyzed. With the extension of time dimension, the value dimension is supported by the theory of circular economy and the theory of agricultural multifunction, and the theory of system engineering supports the whole concept of "three-dimensional integration", and the rational interpretation model of space dimension, time dimension and value dimension "three-dimensional one" is constructed in the modern agricultural park, and the soil of the park is divided into three dimensions. Based on this, the author makes a field survey on the current situation of land use in some modern agricultural parks in Shandong Province, and finds that there is a lack of overall planning, maladjustment, disequilibrium, waste waste and so on. According to the 2010-2015 year data of 51 modern agricultural demonstration areas of Shandong Province, which were reported in the "national modern agricultural demonstration area construction level monitoring and evaluation system", the three stage DEA method (DEA method) was selected for the high land use of agricultural park, and the land of modern agricultural park was high. The results of quantitative evaluation and empirical analysis show that: first, the overall benefit of land use in Shandong Province modern agricultural demonstration area has a greater promotion space, and the allocation of land use input factors needs to be optimized. The low technical efficiency is the main factor affecting the overall utilization efficiency of the park land, and the scale efficiency reduces the overall technology. Second, according to the results of quantitative analysis, the modern agricultural park can be divided into four categories according to the benefit of land use, that is, "production frontier", "high efficiency zone", "middle effect zone" and "low efficiency zone". The number of park in "middle effect zone" and "low efficiency zone" accounts for 47.06% of the total number of the analysis park. Third, through the analysis of environmental factors, it is found that the level of urbanization, the quality of labor, the per capita income of farmers and the financial support are the main factors that restrict the efficient use of land in the park. The level of urbanization, the improvement of the quality of the labor force and the change of the land scale management and the way of land use are influenced by the factors. The benefit of land use in the park; the influence of per capita income and financial input of farmers on the efficient utilization of land in the park have two sides. The per capita income and financial input of the moderate scale farmers can effectively promote the efficient use of land and improve the overall benefit of land use; however, over investment will reduce the benefit of land use. On the basis of the evaluation results and the "three dimensional" theory system, this paper puts forward the feasible way to realize the efficient use of land in the modern agricultural park, that is, the overall design is designed to achieve the efficient use of land as the core; space dimension is aimed at reducing land waste, realizing the development of human and land coordination, optimizing the space, and the time dimension is indistinct The goal of breaking land resources and realizing sustainable development is to carry out model innovation (such as three-dimensional utilization, recycling and so on). The value dimension aims at improving the ecological and social benefits at the same time that the industrial chain is constantly increasing, and the design project is supported. Finally, this is illustrated by the case of the core area of Dongying national agricultural science and technology park. With the application of the path in practice, and using the coordination degree model and the multi-objective function method, the evaluation index system composed of three categories of 14 indexes, namely, the spatial dimension, the time dimension and the value dimension "three-dimensional" land use spatial allocation index, the output level index and the sustainable development index, is constructed, and the land use situation of the park is evaluated. The evaluation results show that the park has made a significant improvement over the economic benefits, ecological and social benefits of the park before the construction of the park. The theory, evaluation and path of the land efficient utilization of the modern agricultural park have a guiding significance in practice.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F301.2

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