复杂需求下中小生产企业运营作业系统产能与计划决策
发布时间：2018-07-26 11:49
【摘要】：改革开放三十多年来,我国中小生产企业(SMPEs-Small and medium production enterprises)抓住机遇快速发展,表现为数量不断增多、规模不断扩大、业务不断延伸等。中小生产企业在国民经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位,对我国经济增长和社会稳定具有重要作用,表现为：促进GDP增长、完善市场经济体制、吸纳社会就业、增加政府财政收入、促进产业结构调整等多方面。然而,由于我国经济增速放缓、国内外市场需求复杂多变,加上市场竞争激烈、劳动力成本上升,资源价格上涨、融资难等问题的困扰,我国众多中小生产企业生存和发展面临严峻考验。当前环境下,市场需求的复杂多变表现为需求品种的多样化、工艺的复杂性、需求数量的趋势性变化、周期性波动、随机性波动以及需求时间的不确定性等多方面。在企业内部,也存在管理水平落后、计划职能薄弱、招工难、一线员工流失率大等问题,对于以人工要素占主导地位的SMPEs运营作业系统,上述问题严重影响产能的稳定。市场需求的动态多变以及产能的不稳定将导致二者的不匹配,从而使企业面临生产进度失衡、在制品库存量高、延期交货现象严重、产品质量合格率不稳定、运营绩效指标差等问题。为了尽可能降低上述问题发生的频率、控制生产成本、提高运营效率、提升管理水平及企业信誉,须迫切从理论和实践层面解决中小生产企业运营作业系统的产能决策与承诺交货期决策问题。针对以人工要素占主导地位的SMPEs运营作业系统,本文以其在复杂需求环境下所面临的实际问题为导向,将其提炼、抽象为理论问题,采用建模、仿真、优化方法及工具,研究和探索面向中短期需求的SMPEs产能决策问题及面向短期需求的承诺交货期决策问题。具体内容如下：通过文献查阅及调研对复杂需求形式进行分类整理及描述,包括：基于需求间隔及需求量变化程度的分类、基于随机需求过程模型的分类、基于概率分布模型的分类、基于时间及价格等函数关系表达式的分类。针对中短期需求的趋势性变化、周期性波动、随机性波动等特点,为了尽可能满足需求、实现产需平衡,以工人多技能水平、生产线各工序速率稳定及生产负荷动态均衡为基础,以总生产成本最小化为目标对SMPEs运营作业系统产能决策研究如下：(一)不考虑各生产周期一线员工随机流失率时,针对多产品需求的季节性波动以及单产品需求的随机波动,在考虑员工薪酬及培训成本、库存成本、加班及外包成本等的基础上,通过非线性最优模型构建、讨论分析及求解,对作业系统计划期初员工数量决策进行研究,并对员工薪酬及培训成本系数、库存、加班及外包成本系数、单件产品总工时、需求数量均值及标准差等进行敏感性分析,得出有关结论；(二)考虑各生产周期一线员工随机流失率时,基于多品种需求的趋势性变化、周期性波动,在考虑员工薪酬、培训成本及产能失配成本的基础上,通过最优一重积分函数模型构建、分析及求解,对计划期初员工数量决策进行研究；对于单品种多阶段需求的随机性变化,在考虑相关成本的基础上,通过二重积分函数模型构建、讨论及分析,对计划期初员工数量决策进行研究。对工人流失率均值与标准差、需求数量均值与标准差、各类成本系数及时间系数等进行敏感性分析的基础上得出有关结论。(三)考虑存在正式工流失时提出正式工或临时工正常上班或加班构建的四级产能,通过总需求工时与各级产能的比较提出各类计划方案,使总生产成本最低。在算例分析及各类参数(包括各类成本系数及时间系数、临时工生产速率、临时工质量不合格率等参数)敏感性分析的基础上得出有关结论。针对中短期需求的时间敏感性及需求随机性,以计划期初一线员工数量的确定作为产能约束(以工人在承诺交货期内的正常上班时间之和为产能下限,以工人在承诺交货期内的正常上班时间及加班时间之和为产能下限),建立客户需求与价格及承诺交货期在一定区间范围内具有线性替代关系时基于确定完工期的SMPEs运营作业系统业承诺交货期决策模型,在产品价格及承诺交货期不同区间函数表达式的基础上进行分类讨论、分析求解及算例分析,针对一线员工人数、单位产品加工时间、单位产品采购及管理成本、正常工作时间及加班成本系数、交货期及价格系数、初始需求量等参数进行敏感性分析。此基础上提出承诺交货期与成本优化策略。本课题的研究得到国家自然科学基金(名称：适应复杂需求的SMPEs运营作业系统组织与优化研究,编号：71271060)的资助。
[Abstract]:Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, the small and medium production enterprises (SMPEs-Small and medium production enterprises) in our country seize the opportunity to develop rapidly, showing the increasing number, the expansion of the scale, and the continuous extension of the business. The small and medium production enterprises have an important position in the development of the national economy, and the economic growth and social stability of our country. It plays an important role in promoting GDP growth, perfecting the market economy system, absorbing social employment, increasing government revenue and promoting industrial structure adjustment. However, because of the slowdown in economic growth, the market demand at home and abroad is complex and changeable, the cost of labor is rising, the price of resources is rising, the price of resources is rising, and the price of resources is rising, and the price of resources is rising. The existence and development of many small and medium production enterprises in China are facing a severe test. Under the current environment, the complex and changeable market demand is the diversification of the demand variety, the complexity of the process, the trend of the demand quantity, the periodic fluctuation, the randomness wave and the uncertainty of the demand time. Inside, there are also problems of backward management level, weak planning function, difficult job recruitment and large turnover rate of front-line staff. For the SMPEs operating system dominated by artificial elements, the above problems seriously affect the stability of production capacity. The dynamic change of market demand and the instability of production capacity will lead to the mismatch of the two parties, thus making the enterprise face In order to reduce the frequency of the above problems, control the cost of production, improve the efficiency of production, improve the operation efficiency, improve the management level and the reputation of the enterprise, it is necessary to solve the problem from the theoretical and practical level, in order to reduce the frequency of the above problems, control the production cost, improve the operation efficiency, and improve the management level and the reputation of the enterprise. The production enterprise operation operation system's capacity decision and the commitment delivery time decision problem. Aiming at the SMPEs operating system dominated by the artificial elements, this paper takes its refining and abstract as the theoretical problem based on the practical problems faced by the complex demand environment, and studies and probes into the modeling, simulation, optimization methods and tools. The problem of SMPEs productivity decision making and short term demand oriented decision making for short and short term demand. The specific contents are as follows: the classification and description of complex demand form through literature review and research, including: Classification Based on demand interval and demand change degree, classification based on stochastic demand process model Classification based on probability distribution model, based on the classification of function relation expressions such as time and price. In view of the trend change, periodic fluctuation and random fluctuation of medium and short term demand, the balance of production and demand is realized in order to meet the demand as much as possible, with the workers' Multi skill leveling, the stability of each process of production line and the dynamic load of production line. The research on the capacity decision of the SMPEs operation system is based on the objective of minimizing the total production cost as follows: (I) considering the random turnover rate of the staff in the production cycle, the seasonal fluctuation of multi product demand and the random fluctuation of the single product demand, considering the employee's salary and training cost, the cost of inventory, overtime and On the basis of outsourcing cost and so on, through the construction of nonlinear optimal model, the analysis and solution are discussed, and the decision of the number of employees at the beginning of the planning period is studied, and the sensitivity analysis is made for the employee's salary and training cost coefficient, the inventory, the overtime and outsourcing cost coefficient, the total working hours of the single product, the mean of demand and the standard deviation. And (two) considering the random turnover rate of employees in each production cycle, based on the trend change of multi variety demand and periodic fluctuation, on the basis of considering employee salary, training cost and mismatch cost, the optimal integral function model is constructed, analyzed and solved, and the number of initial staff is made in the planning period. On the basis of the related cost, the study of the stochastic change of the single variety and multi stage demand is constructed, discussed and analyzed by the dual integral function model. The average and standard deviation of the workers' loss rate, the average value of the demand and the standard deviation, the cost coefficient and the time coefficient are introduced. On the basis of line sensitivity analysis, the relevant conclusions are obtained. (three) considering the existence of formal work or temporary workers to work normally or temporary workers to work normally or work overtime, four levels of production capacity are proposed, and the total production cost is the lowest through the comparison of the total demand time and the production capacity at all levels. Based on the sensitivity analysis of coefficient and time coefficient, temporary production rate, temporary quality unqualified rate and other parameters, the time sensitivity and randomness of demand in the middle and short term are taken as capacity constraints (with the workers in the normal time of delivery in the promised delivery period). The SMPEs operation system commitment period decision model based on the determined completion period is set up at the product price. On the basis of the different interval function expressions of the pledged and promised delivery period, the classification and discussion are carried out, and the analysis is made for the number of employees, the processing time of the unit product, the cost of the unit product purchase and management, the normal working time and the overtime cost coefficient, the delivery time and the price coefficient, the initial demand and so on. On the basis of this, the commitment delivery time and cost optimization strategy are proposed. The research of this topic is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (Name: SMPEs operation system organization and Optimization Research for complex needs, number: 71271060).
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F272.3;F276.3
，
本文编号：2145915
[Abstract]:Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, the small and medium production enterprises (SMPEs-Small and medium production enterprises) in our country seize the opportunity to develop rapidly, showing the increasing number, the expansion of the scale, and the continuous extension of the business. The small and medium production enterprises have an important position in the development of the national economy, and the economic growth and social stability of our country. It plays an important role in promoting GDP growth, perfecting the market economy system, absorbing social employment, increasing government revenue and promoting industrial structure adjustment. However, because of the slowdown in economic growth, the market demand at home and abroad is complex and changeable, the cost of labor is rising, the price of resources is rising, the price of resources is rising, and the price of resources is rising, and the price of resources is rising. The existence and development of many small and medium production enterprises in China are facing a severe test. Under the current environment, the complex and changeable market demand is the diversification of the demand variety, the complexity of the process, the trend of the demand quantity, the periodic fluctuation, the randomness wave and the uncertainty of the demand time. Inside, there are also problems of backward management level, weak planning function, difficult job recruitment and large turnover rate of front-line staff. For the SMPEs operating system dominated by artificial elements, the above problems seriously affect the stability of production capacity. The dynamic change of market demand and the instability of production capacity will lead to the mismatch of the two parties, thus making the enterprise face In order to reduce the frequency of the above problems, control the cost of production, improve the efficiency of production, improve the operation efficiency, improve the management level and the reputation of the enterprise, it is necessary to solve the problem from the theoretical and practical level, in order to reduce the frequency of the above problems, control the production cost, improve the operation efficiency, and improve the management level and the reputation of the enterprise. The production enterprise operation operation system's capacity decision and the commitment delivery time decision problem. Aiming at the SMPEs operating system dominated by the artificial elements, this paper takes its refining and abstract as the theoretical problem based on the practical problems faced by the complex demand environment, and studies and probes into the modeling, simulation, optimization methods and tools. The problem of SMPEs productivity decision making and short term demand oriented decision making for short and short term demand. The specific contents are as follows: the classification and description of complex demand form through literature review and research, including: Classification Based on demand interval and demand change degree, classification based on stochastic demand process model Classification based on probability distribution model, based on the classification of function relation expressions such as time and price. In view of the trend change, periodic fluctuation and random fluctuation of medium and short term demand, the balance of production and demand is realized in order to meet the demand as much as possible, with the workers' Multi skill leveling, the stability of each process of production line and the dynamic load of production line. The research on the capacity decision of the SMPEs operation system is based on the objective of minimizing the total production cost as follows: (I) considering the random turnover rate of the staff in the production cycle, the seasonal fluctuation of multi product demand and the random fluctuation of the single product demand, considering the employee's salary and training cost, the cost of inventory, overtime and On the basis of outsourcing cost and so on, through the construction of nonlinear optimal model, the analysis and solution are discussed, and the decision of the number of employees at the beginning of the planning period is studied, and the sensitivity analysis is made for the employee's salary and training cost coefficient, the inventory, the overtime and outsourcing cost coefficient, the total working hours of the single product, the mean of demand and the standard deviation. And (two) considering the random turnover rate of employees in each production cycle, based on the trend change of multi variety demand and periodic fluctuation, on the basis of considering employee salary, training cost and mismatch cost, the optimal integral function model is constructed, analyzed and solved, and the number of initial staff is made in the planning period. On the basis of the related cost, the study of the stochastic change of the single variety and multi stage demand is constructed, discussed and analyzed by the dual integral function model. The average and standard deviation of the workers' loss rate, the average value of the demand and the standard deviation, the cost coefficient and the time coefficient are introduced. On the basis of line sensitivity analysis, the relevant conclusions are obtained. (three) considering the existence of formal work or temporary workers to work normally or temporary workers to work normally or work overtime, four levels of production capacity are proposed, and the total production cost is the lowest through the comparison of the total demand time and the production capacity at all levels. Based on the sensitivity analysis of coefficient and time coefficient, temporary production rate, temporary quality unqualified rate and other parameters, the time sensitivity and randomness of demand in the middle and short term are taken as capacity constraints (with the workers in the normal time of delivery in the promised delivery period). The SMPEs operation system commitment period decision model based on the determined completion period is set up at the product price. On the basis of the different interval function expressions of the pledged and promised delivery period, the classification and discussion are carried out, and the analysis is made for the number of employees, the processing time of the unit product, the cost of the unit product purchase and management, the normal working time and the overtime cost coefficient, the delivery time and the price coefficient, the initial demand and so on. On the basis of this, the commitment delivery time and cost optimization strategy are proposed. The research of this topic is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (Name: SMPEs operation system organization and Optimization Research for complex needs, number: 71271060).
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F272.3;F276.3
，
本文编号：2145915
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