后发企业逆向创新模式、能力与海外扩散研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 00:11

  本文关键词：后发企业逆向创新模式、能力与海外扩散研究　出处：《大连理工大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 后发企业 逆向创新 创新模式 能力分析

【摘要】：在经济全球化的过程中,全球本土化的创新策略一直被视为领先者跨国企业在海外市场上获得成功的关键因素,这也使得全球范围内的创新扩散主要呈现为从发达国家流向新兴市场国家,此过程中,新兴市场的国家仅仅是充当了产品生命周期中期或后期的模仿者或接受者,而非创新的先行者和发源地。近年来,新兴市场已经不仅仅作为全球的生产基地与销售市场,而是逐渐的转变成为全球创新的中心,一些起源于在新兴市场并获得成功的创新的产品和服务,经过进一步的改进或升级,在引入发达国家后也获得了成功,这种反直觉与反传统的创新形态与扩散路径被称为逆向创新。由于逆向创新的创新机遇发现和商品化、产业化首先是发生在新兴市场国家,这就为本土企业提供了新的创新机会。在此背景下,企业如何才能有效地实现逆向创新就成为具有较好现实和理论意义的研究课题。本论文以本土的后发企业为研究对象,通过理论研究与实证研究相结合的方法,系统展开后发企业逆向创新实现路径的研究,探索后发企业逆向创新的机会与模式以及相应的能力体系与创新策略,并基于动态研究视角对后发企业逆向创新的海外扩散的过程及核心影响因素进行研究。本文主体内容有三个部分：第一,基于探索性案例研究方法析出后发企业逆向创新关键环节,在此基础上,从产品创新链(创新过程)的视角,基于后发企业在“创意／概念”与“研发”两个创新关键环节的主导程度的不同,提出了后发企业逆向创新的四种创新模式,即“弱创意-弱研发”、“强创意-弱研发”、“强创意-强研发”、“弱创意-强研发”,并采用验证性多案例研究方法对研究框架进行验证分析。在此基础上,基于不同模式的特点,从创新要素协同、利用创新机会以及设计因素作用三个方面进行比较分析。第二,通过调查统计分析得出了不同逆向创新模式后发企业所需的能力支撑体系,并结合具体案例对不同模式下的关键能力体系及相应的创新策略进行细致分析。其中,“弱创意-弱研发”模式,组织学习吸收能力、技术搜索能力及市场推广能力是关键支撑能力,采取“市场竞速”为主,“利基市场”为辅的组合策略；“强创意-弱研发”模式,合作学习能力、市场特性认知与市场开拓能力、技术适应性改进能力及市场分析预测能力是关键支撑能力,采取“利基市场”为主,“市场竞速”为辅的组合策略：“弱创意-强研发”模式,技术认知能力、自主研发能力以及市场推广能力是关键支撑能力,采取“开发领先”为主,“市场竞速”为辅的组合策略；“强创意、强研发”模式,技术认知能力、自主研发能力、多渠道融合外部资源能力及市场分析预测能力是关键支撑能力,采取“全面领先”为主,“开发领先”和“市场竞速”为辅的组合策略。第三,基于产品制造业和工程技术服务业逆向创新典型案例的纵向扎根分析,识别了不同行业企业逆向创新海外扩散的核心影响因素。其中技术地方化、国际联接、组织学习是影响制造业和工程技术服务业后发企业逆向创新海外扩散的共性因素,“产业链”治理和“服务链”治理分别是影响制造业和工程技术服务业后发企业的核心因素。同时,基于动态视角归纳了后发企业逆向创新海外扩散过程中关键因素演变的若干规律,包括“本土”技术地方化向“国际”技术地方化演进、“被动、局部”国际联接向“全面深入”国际联接演进、“适应性”学习向“前沿性”演进以及“产业链”或“服务链”的渐进提升。研究结果表明后发企业逆向创新海外扩散中,需要充分利用本土特有的创新资源,这些资源为海外扩散提供了比较优势；多元化的国际联接是后发企业逆向创新海外扩散的重要支撑；后发企业逆向创新海外扩散中需要利用开放式的创新策略以获取所需的技术、市场以及管理资源(知识)。同时需要注重技术与非技术的协同效应以及自身的技术学习和能力发展上的努力,以提高创新效率和有效利用外部资源。
[Abstract]:In the process of economic globalization, the innovation strategy of global localization has been regarded as the key factor leading multinational enterprises succeed in the overseas market, which also makes innovation worldwide diffusion are from developed countries to emerging market countries, in this process, the emerging market countries is just as product life the mid or late period imitator or receiver, rather than innovation pioneer and birthplace. In recent years, emerging markets have not only as a production base and sales market in the world, but gradually become a global innovation center, some originated in emerging markets and the success of innovative products and services, after further improvement or upgrade, introduced in developed countries after the success, innovation pattern and the diffusion path of this counter intuitive and anti tradition known as reverse innovation. On the reverse of the innovation opportunity discovery and commercialization, industrialization first occurs in emerging market countries, provides new opportunities for innovation for the local enterprises. Under this background, how to effectively realize the enterprise innovation has become a research subject with practical and theoretical significance. This paper takes local post enterprise as the research object, by the combined method of theory research and empirical research, the research system of latecomer firms reverse innovation path, system innovation and exploration of enterprise reverse after opportunity with the model and the corresponding ability and innovation strategy, and process factors and the core effect of overseas research angle of dynamic diffusion after reverse based on innovation research. The main contents of this paper has three parts: first, to explore the precipitation case study method after the key link of enterprise innovation based on On this basis, from product innovation chain (innovation) from the perspective of Post Enterprise Based on different dominant degree in "creative / concept" and "R & D" two innovation key, puts forward four kinds of innovation mode after the enterprise reverse innovation, namely "weak weak creative ideas", "strong the creative research and development", "strong weak strong creative development", "weak strong creative development, and the verification method of multi case study to analyze and verify the research framework. On this basis, the characteristics of the different modes based on collaborative innovation elements from three aspects, with opportunities for innovation and design factors were compared second. Analysis, through investigation and statistical analysis of the ability of different reverse innovation mode of latecomer firms required to support the system, combined with the specific case of different modes of the key capabilities of the system and the corresponding innovation strategy for detailed analysis, "Weak - weak creative research mode, organizational learning ability and absorptive capacity, technology of search marketing capability is the key to support the ability of the" market racing "," combination of strategies of niche market "as the" strong - weak; creative development mode, cooperative learning ability, market characteristics and cognitive ability to open up the market, technology improving the adaptability ability and market prediction ability is the key to support the ability of taking a "niche market", "market combination strategy supplemented by racing:" weak strong creative development mode, technology cognitive ability, independent research and development ability and marketing ability is the key support ability, adopt "the development of leading", "combination the market strategy supplemented by" strong "racing; creative, strong R & D technology" mode, cognitive ability, independent research and development ability, multi-channel integration of external resources and market analysis forecast ability It is the key to support the ability to take "comprehensive leading", "development strategy leading" and "market racing" supplemented. Third, longitudinal grounded analysis products manufacturing and engineering services innovation typical case based on the core factors identified overseas enterprises of different industries. The reverse diffusion technology localization international connection, organizational learning is the common influencing factors of manufacturing and engineering services after the business innovation diffusion overseas, "industrial chain" and "management service chain" is the core factor of enterprise governance are the impact of manufacturing and engineering services. At the same time, some key factors of enterprise innovation evolution the dynamic perspective summarizes the developing overseas diffusion process based on, including the "native" technology localization to the "international" technology evolution, "passive, local" International connection to the "comprehensive" international joint evolution, "adaptive" learning to "enhance the frontier" evolution and the "industrial chain" or "service chain". The results show that the progressive latecomer firms overseas innovation diffusion, need to make full use of its unique resources, these resources for overseas diffusion provides international connection advantage; diversification is an important support for the latecomer firms overseas reverse innovation diffusion; need to obtain the necessary technology using the open innovation strategy after the overseas enterprise reverse diffusion of innovation, market and resource management (knowledge). While focusing on the synergistic effect of technical and non technical needs and technological learning and capability development the efforts to improve the innovation efficiency and effective use of external resources.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F273.1
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本文编号：1385450