中国压煤村庄搬迁模式研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 22:34

本文关键词：中国压煤村庄搬迁模式研究　出处：《中国矿业大学(北京)》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态文明建设是中国特色社会主义事业的重要内容,关系人民福祉,关系民族未来。人民在参与社会主义现代化建设并享受成果的同时,对良好生态环境的期待与日俱增,如何统筹好国土资源尤其是能源资源开发利用和生态环境保护已成为当前和今后一个时期不得不面对的重要课题。我国能源资源禀赋的特点是“富煤、贫油、少气”,具体表现为能源结构上煤炭以70%左右的占比成为主要消费能源,年产量居世界第一。矿产能源开采利用过程中不可避免地会扰动和改变区域原始面貌,造成土地损毁、植被破坏,甚至破坏生态平衡。煤炭开采对中国经济社会发展贡献度较高,但采煤塌陷区域内的人地矛盾突出,从资源环境约束看,煤矿区承载力已经濒临极限。如何破解煤炭开采造成土地及构筑物的损毁难题、实现煤炭资源有效高效开发和压煤村庄居民安居乐业,已成为各级政府和谐矿区、绿色矿业和美丽乡村建设以及推进新型城镇化的难点及着眼点,也成为专家学者们当前亟需关注和解决的问题。本文的主要内容和成果如下:(1)据统计1988-2008年期间,我国矿山占用、损毁土地4987.42万亩[1],年损毁量为498.74万亩。2009-2014年,我国矿业用地占、损毁土地为15064.23万亩,年损毁量为2510.70万亩。我国2005~2014年十年间,六种生产项目共损毁土地面积为235.73万hm2,煤炭项目损毁土地面积比例最大,达30.31%。我国“三下”煤炭储量达137.9亿吨,其中建筑物下煤炭储量就达到了87.6亿吨,占“三下”总压煤储量的60%,而其中仅村庄下煤炭储量达到52.21亿吨,占总储量的38%。在人口密集、村庄分布较为集中的冀、鲁、豫、皖等平原地区,村庄下煤炭储量占全国村庄下煤炭储量的55%以上。压煤村庄搬迁在一些矿山具有必然性,因此形成采煤形成工业用地与农村居民用地的“争地”问题,同时村庄搬迁安置土地占用量巨大,也形成“民”与“民”争地问题。(2)本文根据高潜水位地区压煤村庄的特点,探讨传统压煤村庄搬迁存在的主要问题:一是用地粗放低效,村庄面貌脏、乱、差;二是压煤村庄搬迁“供地与落地”存在两难;三是单纯以“行政为主”的解决方式难以“双赢”;四是对探索新的压煤村庄搬迁模式的研究力度不够。(3)本文研究认为压煤村庄搬迁需要解决的实际问题有三个:一是传统搬迁模式的困境如何解决,建设用地指标供给和耕地占补平衡怎么办?二是能不能采取不征地的办法解决压煤村庄搬迁问题?三是还有没有更好的办法解决压煤村庄搬迁问题?(4)本文通过构建集中搬迁“一占多补”概念模型和数量模型分析表明,与一般传统压煤村庄搬迁模式不同,“一占多补”模式通过一次集中占地,在搬迁人数不减少的前提下,大幅度减少了新征地的面积,实现了土地的节约集约利用。同时利用多次搬迁多次补地和动态复垦的方式,提前对采煤沉陷地进行治理,避免了传统复垦因复垦不及时而造成大量土地的浪费。通过将每批搬迁村庄旧村址的复垦获得的耕地指标与当地的建设用地指标使用情况、指标的归还状况和土地市场结合进行“挂钩流转”,不仅缓解建设用地指标紧张的状态,同时通过流入土地市场的指标,为复垦提供了一定的资金渠道,并对当地土地资源配置起到一定的的优化作用。通过安徽淮南市压煤村庄搬迁实证分析表明,“一占多补”模式不仅能有效解决压煤村庄搬迁的建设用地指标供给和耕地占补平衡等问题,还有助于缓解复垦资金压力。(5)本文通过构建“先补后占”概念模型和数量模型分析表明,与传统压煤村庄搬迁模式不同,“先补后占”通过与动态复垦相结合,并利用各阶段复垦情况、搬迁人数、人均建设用地面积建立的占地、补地数量模型,有效解决了压煤村庄搬迁的建设用地指标供给和耕地占补平衡等问题,并利用山东菏泽某矿进行“先补后占”实证分析。研究结果表明,在我国东部高潜水位地区的压煤村庄搬迁工作中,采用新的与动态复垦相结合的“先补后占”搬迁模式,能较好的解决压煤村庄搬迁中遇到的建设用地指标供给和耕地占补平衡问题,对高潜水位地区的压煤村庄搬迁具有示范作用。(6)本研究在土地发展论、土地控制论、人地矛盾论、土地集约论等核心思想指导下,以土地征收、损毁土地复垦、农村土地制度改革理论、新型城镇化和美丽乡村建设等为政策和理论支撑,对已有的压煤村庄搬迁成果的不足与优点进行了系统的梳理,并从理论、制度与政策体系、技术规范角度进行深层次归纳,针对东部平原高潜水位地区的压煤村庄搬迁问题,创新性地提出了“市场化分散搬迁”新模式,即“不占不补”模式,是想通过县域宅基地封闭流转,实现压煤村庄村民的自主择居,通过非宅集体建设用地流转和农用地流转解决搬迁村民的生产与生活问题,通过搬迁村民到县城或乡镇自主选择进城居住就业进一步提高村民市民化水平;通过旧村址复垦及复垦后新增建设用地指标流转解决地方政府和矿山企业复垦资金问题。“不占不补”模式的益处是:不需征地,可以有效解决压煤村庄搬迁的建设用地指标供给和耕地占补平衡等问题,可以解决复垦资金来源问题,有助于美丽乡村建设和提高新型城镇化水平,兼顾了压煤村庄搬迁的经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益。
[Abstract]:The construction of ecological civilization is an important part of the cause of socialism with China characteristics, the relationship between the people's well-being, the relationship between the nation's future. People participate in the construction of socialist modernization and enjoy the results at the same time, for the good environment to grow with each passing day, how to co-ordinate land resources especially energy resources exploitation and ecological environment protection has become an important topic in the current and future a time to face. The characteristics of energy resources in China is rich in coal, oil, gas, the specific performance of the energy structure of coal is about 70% in the proportion of energy consumption will become the main, the annual output ranked first in the world. The exploitation and utilization of mineral resources will inevitably change the original appearance and regional disturbance that caused land destruction, destruction of vegetation, and even destroy the ecological balance. The development of coal mining with high degree of China of economy and society, but the coal mining subsidence area Within the domain of the obvious contradiction between people and land from the constraints of resources and environment, the ultimate bearing capacity of coal mine area is on the verge of damage. How to crack the problem caused by coal mining land and structures, to achieve effective and efficient development of coal resources and coal mining village residents live and work in peace, governments at all levels has become a harmonious mining area, green mining and the construction of the beautiful countryside and promote the difficulty the new urbanization and respect, also become experts and scholars of the urgent need to pay attention to and solve problems. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) according to statistics during 1988-2008 years, occupied China's mines, destroyed 49 million 874 thousand and 200 acres of land in [1], damage amount to 4 million 987 thousand and 400 mu.2009-2014 years, China's mining land and the damaged land of 150 million 642 thousand and 300 acres, 25 million 107 thousand acres. The amount of damage in our country 2005~2014 ten years, six production projects total damaged land area is 2 million 357 thousand and 300 Hm2, the coal project damaged land surface Product of the largest proportion, up to 30.31%. of China's "three under" coal reserves of 137.9 tons, of which coal reserves under buildings reached 87.6 tons, accounting for 60% of total coal reserves under three, while coal reserves under the village which only reached 52.21 tons, the total reserves of 38%. in the densely populated village distribution. The Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and other plains, coal reserves accounted for under the village under the village coal reserves of more than 55%. Village migration in coal mining is inevitable in some mines, so the formation of coal formation of industrial land and rural residential land "for" problem at the same time, the village relocation land occupation the amount is huge, also formed "people" and "people" for the problem. (2) according to the characteristics of high diving area coal under villages, explore the main problems of the traditional village migration in coal mining are: one is the use of extensive and inefficient, the village look dirty, chaotic, poor; two The pressure of coal "for the village relocation and landing" existence dilemma; three is simply to "administrative" solution to the "win-win"; the four is not enough to research efforts to explore new mode of coal mining under village relocation. (3) this paper studies that the practical problems to solve village migration in coal mining has three: one is how to solve the traditional relocation dilemma, construction land supply and the balance of arable land is two how to do? Can not take the land to solve the coal village relocation is three? There is no better way to solve the problem of coal mining under village relocation? (4) by constructing a centralized relocation "for more than make up the conceptual model and quantitative model analysis showed that different with the traditional village migration in coal mining mode," accounted for more compensation mode through a centralized area, without reducing the number of relocation, greatly reducing the new land The area of the intensive utilization of land. At the same time using multiple relocation of multiple repair and dynamic reclamation way ahead of the coal mining subsidence control, to avoid the traditional reclamation for reclamation is not timely and caused a lot of waste land. The situation of land use indicators of each batch of village old village relocation site for reclamation the cultivated land with the local construction, index return status and land market with land transfer, construction land index can not only alleviate the tension, and flowed through the land market index, provides some funding channels for reclamation, and to optimize the allocation of land resources. The local through Anhui Huainan City Village Migration in coal mining and empirical analysis shows that, "accounted for more compensation mode can not only effectively solve the construction of village migration in coal mining land supply and land requisition compensation balance Such problems also helps relieve pressure. Reclamation funds (5) by constructing a "conceptual model and quantitative model analysis showed that for" first replenishment, different from the traditional village migration in coal mining mode, "before occupation" by combining with dynamic reclamation, and the use of various stages of reclamation situation, the relocation of the number of the establishment of land area per capita construction area, the amount of compensation model, effectively solve the construction problems of the village relocation coal accounted for the balance of land supply and land index, and the empirical analysis for "first replenishment by the Shandong coal mine of Heze province. The results show that, in the East China area with high groundwater level village migration in coal mining work, using new and dynamic reclamation combined" before occupation "relocation mode, construction can meet better solve the village migration in coal mining in land supply and the balance of arable land, the high water level area The village migration in coal mining has a demonstration effect. (6) in the study on land development, land control theory, the contradiction between people and land on land intensive theory and other core ideas under the guidance of the land expropriation, damaged land reclamation, the theory of rural land system reform, new urbanization and beautiful village construction for policy and theory lack of support, and advantages of the existing coal village relocation results systematically, and from theory, system and policy system, technical specification for deep angle induction for Coal village in the eastern Ping Yuangao diving area relocation problem, put forward the innovation of "market decentralized relocation" mode that is, "not without compensation" mode, is to through County homestead closed circulation, realize coal village independent alternative, land transfer through non residential construction and collective agricultural land circulation to solve the production and life of the relocation of the village people The problem, through the relocation of villagers to the county or township to choose living in city employment to further improve the level of villagers' citizenization; through the old village site reclamation and reclamation of new construction land circulation index to solve the local government and mine reclamation funds. "Not without compensation" model of the benefits are: no land, can effectively solve the construction village migration in coal mining accounted for the issue of balance of land supply and land reclamation, can solve the problem of funding sources, contribute to the construction of the beautiful countryside and improve the level of new urbanization, taking into account the village migration in coal mining economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.

【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F321.1;D632.4

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